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Basisversorgung des Patienten

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NeuroIntensiv

Zusammenfassung

Die respiratorische Insuffizienz, d. h. das Unvermögen des Atmungssystems, eine ausreichende Oxygenierung des Blutes und/oder eine adäquate CO2-Elimination zu gewährleisten, gehört zu den häufigsten Todesursachen von Patienten mit Erkrankungen des Nervensystems. Bei Patienten mit akut auftretender respiratorischer Insuffizienz ist die schnelle Beurteilung von höchster Priorität. Das geschädigte Gehirn hat eine besonders schlechte Hypoxietoleranz. Bei unzureichender Oxygenation muss unmittelbar mit Therapiemaßnahmen begonnen werden. Dies bedingt die entsprechende Infrastruktur mit Anästhesiefachwissen vor Ort, auf der Neurointensivstation. Muss ein Patient über einen längeren Zeitraum beatmet werden, so kann die Indikation einer Tracheotomie gegeben sein. Ein außerordentlich häufiges und Outcome-relevantes Symptom in der Intensivmedizin sind auch die Schluckstörungen, auf die sodann eingegangen wird. Schließlich geht es noch um die Anlage eines zentralen Venenkatheters in das Einstromgebiet der Hohlvene, wodurch die Verabreichung von Medikamenten, die parenterale Ernährung, die Messung des zentralen Venendrucks und die Analyse venöser Blutgaswerte ermöglicht wird.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Schweiz

    Peter Biro PD Dr.

  2. HNO an der Juliuspromenade, Juliuspromenade 54, 97070, Würzburg, Deutschland

    Ralph Dollner PD Dr.

  3. Klinik für Allgemeine Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Str. 33, 48129, Münster, Deutschland

    Rainer Dziewas Prof. Dr.

  4. Spital Lachen, Oberdorfstrasse 41, 8853, Lachen, Deutschland

    Joubin Gandjour Dr.

  5. Johannes-Wesling-Klinikum, Neurologische Klinik, Hans-Nolte-Straße 1, 32429, Minden, Deutschland

    Jörg Glahn Dr.

  6. Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zürich, Schweiz

    Emanuela Keller Prof. Dr.

  7. Neurologie, Klinikum Frankfurt Höchst GmbH, Gotenstraße 6-8, 65929, Frankfurt am Main, Deutschland

    Lea Küppers-Tiedt Dr.

  8. Neurologische Klinik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. Thorsten Steiner

  9. Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland

    Frank Wallner Dr.

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  1. Emanuela Keller Prof. Dr.
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Neurologische Klinik, Universitätklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany

    Stefan Schwab

  2. Neurologische Klinik und Geriatrie, Johannes Wesling Klinikum Minden, Minden, Germany

    Peter Schellinger

  3. Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Klinikum der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany

    Christian Werner

  4. Neurochirurgische Klinik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Andreas Unterberg

  5. Neurologische Klinik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

    Werner Hacke

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Keller, E. et al. (2015). Basisversorgung des Patienten. In: Schwab, S., Schellinger, P., Werner, C., Unterberg, A., Hacke, W. (eds) NeuroIntensiv. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46500-4_6

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