Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Head and Face Injuries

  • Chapter
Book cover Nuclear Medicine and Radiologic Imaging in Sports Injuries

  • 2375 Accesses

Abstract

Head injuries, which form approximately 10 % of all sports-related trauma in high school sports activities, can have devastating effects on the individual and society.

Nuclear medicine has thus far not been playing an important role in trauma to the bony structures of the head, but this might change due to the higher resolution and sensitivity of 18F-NaF PET for ossal pathology. Especially in the follow-up, 18F-NaF may become more important, but research is warranted.

Concussion is mainly a clinical diagnosis, and imaging techniques do not play an important role. However, new techniques in both cerebral blood flow measurements with SPECT and cerebral metabolism with PET are emerging. These techniques not only give a better insight in the underlying pathological mechanisms of concussion but can also aid in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients suspected of concussion. Actually, the position of nuclear medicine techniques in the diagnosis of concussion has not been determined, so more research is warranted.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abdel-Dayem HM, Abu-Judeh H, Kumar M, Atay S, Naddaf S, El-Zeftawy H et al (1998) SPECT brain perfusion abnormalities in mild or moderate traumatic brain injury. Clin Nucl Med 23:309–317

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abu-Judeh HH, Singh M, Masdeu JC, Abdel-Dayem HM (1998) Discordance between FDG uptake and technetium-99m-HMPAO brain perfusion in acute traumatic brain injury. J Nucl Med 39:1357–1359

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adirim TA, Cheng TL (2003) Overview of injuries in the young athlete. Sports Med 33:75–81

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amen DG, Newberg A, Thatcher R, Jin Y, Wu J, Keator D et al (2011a) Impact of playing American professional football on long-term brain function. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 23:98–106

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Amen DG, Wu JC, Taylor D, Willeumier K (2011b) Reversing brain damage in former NFL players: implications for traumatic brain injury and substance abuse rehabilitation. J Psychoactive Drugs 43:1–5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Audenaert K, Jansen HM, Otte A, Peremans K, Vervaet M, Crombez R et al (2003) Imaging of mild traumatic brain injury using 57Co and 99mTc HMPAO SPECT as compared to other diagnostic procedures. Med Sci Monit 9:MT112–MT117

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bensch FV, Koivikko MP, Koskinen SK (2011) MDCT findings in sports and recreational accidents. Acta Radiol 52:1107–1112

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bigler ED, Maxwell WL (2012) Neuropathology of mild traumatic brain injury: relationship to neuroimaging findings. Brain Imaging Behav 6:108–136

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop JA, Palanca AA, Bellino MJ, Lowenberg DW (2012) Assessment of compromised fracture healing. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 20:273–282

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Broglio SP, Eckner JT, Martini D, Sosnoff JJ, Kutcher JS, Randolph C (2011) Cumulative head impact burden in high school football. J Neurotrauma 28:2069–2078

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Catafau AM (2001) Brain SPECT in clinical practice. Part I: perfusion. J Nucl Med 42:259–271

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Darrow CJ, Collins CL, Yard EE, Comstock RD (2009) Epidemiology of severe injuries among United States high school athletes: 2005–2007. Am J Sports Med 37:1798–1805

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drubach LA, Sapp MV, Laffin S, Kleinman PK (2008) Fluorine-18NaF PET imaging of child abuse. Pediatr Radiol 38:776–779

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drubach LA, Johnston PR, Newton AW, Perez-Rossello JM, Grant FD, Kleinman PK (2010) Skeletal trauma in child abuse: detection with 18F-NaF PET. Radiology 255:173–181

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Even-Sapir E, Arbel R, Lerman H, Flusser G, Livshitz G, Halperin N (2002) Bone injury associated with anterior cruciate ligament and meniscal tears: assessment with bone single photon emission computed tomography. Invest Radiol 37:521–527

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Even-Sapir E, Mishani E, Flusser G, Metser U (2007) 18F-Fluoride positron emission tomography and positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Semin Nucl Med 37:462–469

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Folkersma H, Boellaard R, Yaqub M, Kloet RW, Windhorst AD, Lammertsma AA et al (2011) Widespread and prolonged increase in (R)-(11)C-PK11195 binding after traumatic brain injury. J Nucl Med 52:1235–1239

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gowda NK, Agrawal D, Bal C, Chandrashekar N, Tripati M, Bandopadhyaya GP et al (2006) Technetium Tc-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer brain single-photon emission CT in mild traumatic brain injury: a prospective study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 27:447–451

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grant FD, Fahey FH, Packard AB, Davis RT, Alavi A, Treves ST (2008) Skeletal PET with 18F-fluoride: applying new technology to an old tracer. J Nucl Med 49:68–78

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gross H, Kling A, Henry G, Herndon C, Lavretsky H (1996) Local cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with long-term behavioral and cognitive deficits following mild traumatic brain injury. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 8:324–334

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harmon KG, Drezner JA, Gammons M, Guskiewicz KM, Halstead M, Herring SA et al (2013) American Medical Society for Sports Medicine position statement: concussion in sport. Br J Sports Med 47:15–26

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hashimoto K, Abo M (2009) Abnormal regional benzodiazepine receptor uptake in the prefrontal cortex in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. J Rehabil Med 41:661–665

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu WK, Feeley BT, Krenek L, Stout DB, Chatziioannou AF, Lieberman JR (2007) The use of 18F-fluoride and 18F-FDG PET scans to assess fracture healing in a rat femur model. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 34:1291–1301

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Humayun MS, Presty SK, Lafrance ND, Holcomb HH, Loats H, Long DM et al (1989) Local cerebral glucose abnormalities in mild closed head injured patients with cognitive impairments. Nucl Med Commun 10:335–344

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iverson GL, Gaetz M, Lovell MR, Collins MW (2004) Cumulative effects of concussion in amateur athletes. Brain Inj 18:433–443

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs A, Put E, Ingels M, Put T, Bossuyt A (1996) One-year follow-up of technetium-99m-HMPAO SPECT in mild head injury. J Nucl Med 37:1605–1609

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur J, Chopra R (2010) Three dimensional CT reconstruction for the evaluation and surgical planning of mid face fractures: a 100 case study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 9:323–328

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kraus JF (1991) Epidemiologic features of injuries to the central nervous system. In: Anderson DW (ed) Neuroepidemiology: a tribute to Bruce Schoenberg. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 333–353

    Google Scholar 

  • Langlois JA, Rutland-Brown W, Wald MM (2006) The epidemiology and impact of traumatic brain injury: a brief overview. J Head Trauma Rehabil 21:375–378

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leonard JP, Nowotnik DP, Neirinckx RD (1986) Technetium-99m-d, 1-HM-PAO: a new radiopharmaceutical for imaging regional brain perfusion using SPECT – a comparison with iodine-123 HIPDM. J Nucl Med 27:1819–1823

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lin AP, Liao HJ, Merugumala SK, Prabhu SP, Meehan WP 3rd, Ross BD (2012) Metabolic imaging of mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Imaging Behav 6:208–223

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marshall CM (2012) Sports-related concussion: a narrative review of the literature. J Can Chiropr Assoc 56:299–310

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Aubry M, Cantu B, Dvorak J, Echemendia RJ et al (2013) Consensus statement on concussion in sport – the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012. Clin J Sport Med 23:89–117

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peskind ER, Petrie EC, Cross DJ, Pagulayan K, McCraw K, Hoff D et al (2011) Cerebrocerebellar hypometabolism associated with repetitive blast exposure mild traumatic brain injury in 12 Iraq war Veterans with persistent post-concussive symptoms. Neuroimage 54(Suppl 1):S76–S82

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Proctor MR, Cantu RC (2000) Head and neck injuries in young athletes. Clin Sports Med 19:693–715

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Provenzano FA, Jordan B, Tikofsky RS, Saxena C, Van Heertum RL, Ichise M (2010) F-18 FDG PET imaging of chronic traumatic brain injury in boxers: a statistical parametric analysis. Nucl Med Commun 31:952–957

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rangger C, Kathrein A, Freund MC, Klestil T, Kreczy A (1998) Bone bruise of the knee: histology and cryosections in 5 cases. Acta Orthop Scand 69:291–294

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rechel JA, Collins CL, Comstock RD (2011) Epidemiology of injuries requiring surgery among high school athletes in the United States, 2005 to 2010. J Trauma 71:982–989

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruff RM, Crouch JA, Troster AI, Marshall LF, Buchsbaum MS, Lottenberg S et al (1994) Selected cases of poor outcome following a minor brain trauma: comparing neuropsychological and positron emission tomography assessment. Brain Inj 8:297–308

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Small GW, Kepe V, Siddarth P, Ercoli LM, Merrill DA, Donoghue N et al (2013) PET scanning of brain tau in retired national football league players: preliminary findings. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 21:138–144

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soudry G, Mannting F (1995) Hot calcaneus on three-phase bone scan due to bone bruise. Clin Nucl Med 20:832–834

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Su JK, Ramirez JF (2012) Management of the athlete with concussion. Perm J 16:54–56

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Top H, Aygit C, Sarikaya A, Karaman D, Firat MF (2004) Evaluation of maxillary sinus after treatment of midfacial fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 62:1229–1236

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ucar BY, Necmioglu S, Bulut M, Azboy I, Demirtas A, Gumus H (2012) Determining bone bruises of the knee with magnetic resonance imaging. Open Orthop J 6:464–467

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Virji-Babul N, Borich MR, Makan N, Moore T, Frew K, Emery CA et al (2013) Diffusion tensor imaging of sports-related concussion in adolescents. Pediatr Neurol 48:24–29

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zemper ED (2010) Catastrophic injuries among young athletes. Br J Sports Med 44:13–20

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zukotynski K, Grant FD, Curtis C, Micheli L, Treves ST (2010) Skeletal scintigraphy in pediatric sports medicine. AJR Am J Roentgenol 195:1212–1219

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Martini Hospital Groningen, Van Swietenplein 1, Groningen, 9728 NT, The Netherlands

    K. P. Koopmans MD, PhD

Authors
  1. K. P. Koopmans MD, PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. P. Koopmans MD, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Andor W.J.M. Glaudemans

  2. Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx

  3. Department of Radiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium

    Jan L.M.A. Gielen

  4. Exercise and Health, Center for Sports Medicine, University Center for Sport, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Johannes (Hans) Zwerver

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Koopmans, K.P. (2015). Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Head and Face Injuries. In: Glaudemans, A., Dierckx, R., Gielen, J., Zwerver, J. (eds) Nuclear Medicine and Radiologic Imaging in Sports Injuries. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46491-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46491-5_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-46490-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-46491-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation