Abstract
This chapter covers the basic principles that are used in Monte Carlo simulation for investigation into microscopy imaging through tissue media. Section 3.1 summarizes the basic formula in a conventional Monte Carlo simulation process. The implementation of this method in reflection and transmission optical microscopes is given in Sect. 3.2. The effect of the polarization states and pulsed illumination of a beam are described in Sects. 3.3 and 3.4. Sections 3.5–3.8 are dedicated to dealing with the various features of turbid media including the effect of the boundary, scatterer size, and aggregation . In Sects. 3.9 and 3.10, Monte Carlo simulation methods for multi-photon fluorescence and coherent imaging processes are discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
S.T. Flock, M.S. Patterson, B.C. Wilson, D.R. Wyman, Monte Carlo modeling of light propagating in highly scattering tissues—I: model predictions and comparison with diffusion theory. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 36, 1162 (1989)
J.M. Schmitt, A. Knuttel, M. Yadlowsky, Confocal microscopy in turbid media. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 11, 2226 (1994)
X. Gan, M. Gu, Modified Monte Carlo simulation of multi-dimensional photon distribution for microscopic imaging. Optik 108, 129 (1998)
M. Born, E. Wolf, Principles of Optics (Pergamon, New York, 1980)
S.T. Flock, B.C. Wilson, M.S. Patterson, Total attenuation coefficients and scattering phase functions of tissue and phantom materials at 633 nm. Med. Phys. 14, 835 (1987)
S. Schilders, Microscopic Imaging in Turbid Media, Ph.D. thesis, Victoria University (1999)
X. Gan, S. Schilders, M. Gu, Image enhancement through turbid media under a microscope using polarization gating methods. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 16, 2177 (1999)
X. Gan, S. Schilders, M. Gu, Combination of annular aperture and polarisation gating methods for efficient microscopic imaging through a turbid medium: theoretical analysis. Microsc. Microanal. 3, 495 (1997)
M. Gu, Advanced Optical Imaging Theory (Springer, Heidelberg, 2000)
S.L. Jacques, L.H. Wang, Monte Carlo modeling of light transport in tissues, in Optical Thermal Response of Laser Irradiated Tissue, ed. by A.J. Welch, M.J.C. van Gemert (Plenum Press, New York, 1995), pp. 73–100
L.H. Wang, S.L. Jacques, L.Q. Zheng, MCML—Monte Carlo modeling of photon transport in multi-layered tissues. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 47, 131 (1995)
A.G. Loewy, P. Siekevitz, Cell Structure and Function (A Holt International, New York, 1971)
W. Ganong, Review of Medical Physiology, 16th edn. (Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, 1993)
C.F. Bohern, D.R. Huffman, Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles (Wiley, New York, 1983)
X. Deng, X. Gan, M. Gu, Monte-Carlo simulation of multi-photon fluorescence microscopy imaging through inhomogeneous tissue-like turbid media, J. Biomedical Opt. 8, 400 (2003)
A. Ishimaru, Wave Propagation and Scattering in Random Media (Academic, New York, 1978)
A. Wax, C.H. Yang, V. Backman, K. Badizadegan, C.W. Boone, R.R. Dasari, M.S. Feld, Cellular organization and substructure measured using angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry. Biophy. J. 82, 2256 (2002)
A. Wax, C. Yang, M. Müller, R. Nines, C.W. Boone, V.E. Steele, G.D. Stoner, R.R. Dasari, M.S. Feld, In situ detection of neoplastic transformation and chemopreventive effects in rat esophagus epithelium using angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry. Cancer Res. 63, 3556 (2003)
R. Jullien, R. Botet, Aggregation and Fractal Aggregates (World Scientific, Singapore, 1987)
A. Dogariu, J. Uozumi, T. Asakura, Enhancement of the backscattered intensity from fractal aggregates. Waves Random Media 2, 259 (1992)
Y.L. Xu, Electromagnetic scattering by an aggregate of spheres. Appl. Opt. 34, 4573 (1995)
K. Ishii, T. Iwai, J. Uozumi, T. Asakura, Optical free-path-length distribution in a fractal aggregate and its effect on enhanced backscattering. Appl. Opt. 37, 5014 (1998)
X. Deng, X. Gan, M. Gu, Effective Mie scattering of a spherical aggregate and its application in turbid media. Appl. Opt. 43, 2925 (2004)
M. Göppert-Mayer, Über Elementarakte mit zwei quantensprüngen. Ann. Phys. Lpz 9, 273 (1931)
W.J. Denk, J.H. Strickler, W.W. Webb, Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. Science 248, 73 (1990)
B. Masters, Multiphoton Excitation Microscopy (SPIE, Bellingham, 2003)
G.J. Tearney, M.E. Brezinski, B.E. Bouma, S.A. Boppart, C. Pitris, J.F. Southern, J.G. Fujimoto, In vivo endoscopic optical biopsy with optical coherence tomography. Science 276, 2037 (1997)
P.J. Campagnola, L.M. Loew, Second harmonic imaging microscopy for visualizing biomolecular arrays in cells, tissues and organisms. Nat. Biotech. 21, 1356 (2003)
L. Qiang, X. Gan, Q. Luo, Monte Carlo modeling of optical coherence tomography imaging through turbid media. Appl. Opt. 43, 1628 (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gu, M., Gan, X., Deng, X. (2015). Monte Carlo Simulation for an Optical Microscope. In: Microscopic Imaging Through Turbid Media. Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46397-0_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46397-0_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-46396-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-46397-0
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)