Abstract
Confucius said: “A kingdom must wait for 30 years to reach benevolent governance.” The 11th generation of Confucius, who was also an authoritative scholar of the Confucius Classics in Western Han, Kong An’guo, interpreted this sentence as, “A generation may include thirty years, which is the period that a government must need to reach benevolent governance.” That is to say, 30-years, which could be called a generation, is a period of time that can previews effectiveness of benevolent governance. The reform of China, staring from the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in 1978, has been performed for more than 30 years. During this period, China has undergone tremendous changes comparing with the last several thousand years in the Chinese history, which is rather rare in the world economic history as well.
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Notes
- 1.
Gao Wenshu et al. (2011).
- 2.
The meeting re-established CPC’s ideological line of emancipating the mind and coming down to earth. It is considered to be an important milestone that marked the start of economic reforms.
- 3.
Fang Cai and Wang Dewen (1999).
- 4.
Fang Cai and Lin Yifu (2003).
- 5.
Jikun Huang et al. (2008).
- 6.
In Korea and China’s Taiwan, this change has taken the form of agricultural protection in the 1970s, when the proportion of the agricultural output and labor proportion dropped down to 1/4 and 1/2. See Anderson and Yujiro Hayami (1996, Chapters I and II).
- 7.
A secure job; “iron rice bowl” – a permanent income they would never lose whether they work hard or not, lack of competition. A system popular before the reform since 1978.
- 8.
Research Group of “Comprehensive Survey on Chinese Society”, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (2011).
- 9.
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Cai, F. (2015). It Takes 30 Years to Reach Benevolent Governance. In: Demystifying China’s Economy Development. China Insights. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46103-7_1
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