Abstract
In support of its further criminal justice reform, China has, since 2012, undertaken a series of reform measures to prevent miscarriages of justice and to improve its justice situation in criminal cases.
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Notes
- 1.
The Information Office of the State Council, Full Text: Judicial Reform in China, XINHUA (9 October, 2012), http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-10/09/c_131895159.htm.
- 2.
See Wang Zaoguo, On Explanation of the Amendment to Criminal Procedure Law of the PRC (Draft), NPC (9 October, 2012), http://www.npc.gov.cn/npc/xinwen/lfgz/lfdt/2012-03/09/content_1705698.htm.
- 3.
It is a powerful organization under the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, responsible for overseeing law enforcement authorities in practice. In each province, municipality, county and autonomous region, there are respective politics and law commissions established in P.R. China. See Central Political and Legal Affairs Commission, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Political_and_Legal_Affairs_Commission.
- 4.
See Peng Bo, The PLC Clearly Requires Life Responsibility Undertaken for Wrongful Convictions, People’s Daily (14 August, 2013), http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2013/0814/c1001-22552310.html.
- 5.
See The Ministry of Civil Affairs of the P.R. China, The Chinese Communist Party Central Committee’s Decision on Several Major Issues of Comprehensive and Deepening Reform (adopted by the 18th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party at the Third General Assembly on 12 November 2013) [zhonggong zhongyang guanyu quanmian shenhua gaige ruogan zhongda wenti de jueding (2013 nian 11 yue 12 ri zhongguo gongchandang di shiba jie zhongyang wenyuanhui di sanci quanti huiyi tongguo)], http://jnjd.mca.gov.cn/article/zyjd/dzbjs/201311/20131100553970.shtml (consulted on 30 November, 2013).
- 6.
The SPC, The SPC Issues the Notice of “The Opinion on Establishing and Strengthening Working Mechanisms for Preventing Miscarriages of Justice in Criminal Cases” [zuigao renmin fayuan yinfa guanyu jianli jianquan fangfan xingshi yuanjia cuoan gongzuo jizhi de yijian de tongzhi], http://www.chinacourt.org/law/detail/2013/10/id/147221.shtml (9 October, 2013).
- 7.
See Both the SPC and SPP Require Strict Prevention and Correction of Wrongful Convictions by Law, People’s Daily [lianggao baogao yaoqiu yanfang bing yifa jiuzheng yuanjia cuoan], People’s Daily [renmin ribao] (11 March, 2014), http://news.china.com.cn/2014lianghui/2014-03/11/content_31743016.htm.
- 8.
U.N. ECOSOC, Safeguards Guaranteeing Protection of the Rights of Those Facing the Death Penalty, para. 5, E.S.C. Res. 1984/50, U.N. Doc. E/1984/92, 1984/.
- 9.
UN Doc. A/RES/2200A (XXI), 999/UNTS/171.
- 10.
See, e.g., European Court of Human Rights, Golder v. the United Kingdom, 18 Eur. Ct. H.R. (ser. A, 1975), Feb. 21, 1975.
- 11.
African Comm. on Human and Peoples’ Rights, Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Fair Trial and Legal Assistance in Africa, DOC/OS (XXX) 247, 2001.
- 12.
See, e.g., Constitution of Portugal, art. 29(6); Constitution of Italy, art. 24; Constitution of Brazil, art. 5(LXXV).
- 13.
See, e.g., U.K.’s Criminal Justice Act, sec. 133.
- 14.
Authorities: Political and Legal Committees No Longer Intervene in Individual Cases except in Foreign-Related and Other Areas [quanwei shiren chu shewai deng lingyu zhengfawei buzai jieru ge’an], People’s Daily—People’s Daily Overseas Edition (2013-11-22), http://www.whnews.cn/news/node/2013-11/22/content_5855753.htm.
- 15.
Mark Godsey, China’s Top Prosecutor Vows to Fight to Prevent Wrongful Convictions, ShanghaiDaily.com, September 8, 2014.
- 16.
- 17.
See Patrick Boehler, Supreme People’s Court judge urges end to wrongful convictions, South China Morning Post (29 August, 2013) http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1232279/supreme-peoples-court-judge-urges-end-wrongful-convictions.
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Jiang, N. (2016). Introduction. In: Wrongful Convictions in China. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46084-9_1
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