Abstract
This chapter introduces basic definitions, theorems, models and algorithms for bi-level programming (bi-level decision-making) and also basic models of multi-level programming, which will be used in the remaining chapters of this book.
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© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Zhang, G., Lu, J., Gao, Y. (2015). Bi-level Programming Models and Algorithms. In: Multi-Level Decision Making. Intelligent Systems Reference Library, vol 82. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46059-7_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46059-7_3
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Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-46058-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-46059-7
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