Abstract
Since 1978, the structure of social stratum had undergone dramatic changes due to the development of Reform and Opening Up in China. In order to categorize classes or strata, scholars adopted various criteria such as income, consumption levels or consumption styles, and occupations or occupational prestige. Each adopted criterion for class/stratum categorization has significance in each area of research interest and was helpful for in-depth analysis of relevant issues (Li Chunling 2005). However, social strata being categorized by occupational types have become a prevalent method in academia (Li Peiling 2004). Occupations included index of occupied and used socioeconomic resources information. Changes in occupational status influenced and restructured the occupational structure and further led to the transition in the structure of social stratum.
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Notes
- 1.
In order to achieve seamless convergence of new and old calibers, the 4th national survey of 1990 categorized urban and rural by both calibers. The second caliber defines the urban population as the combination of population in cities with districts and without districts (not including districts directly under the cities). Town population refers to registered population in neighborhood committees in towns and counties that are within the cities without districts (not including neighborhood committees in villages). County population refers to the overall population in cities and towns. The second caliber was used when comparing population categorizing criteria in the 5th National Census. See the details in the Impact Made by Census of Two-Times Regarding Urban–Rural Population on Progress of Urban–Rural Planning in City of Chongqin and the 1st issue of Population Study from Gao Baowang et al. 2002.
- 2.
This portion of information is retrieved from the summary of the 4th, the 5th, and the 6th National Census.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5.
Stats of three regions cannot be compared due to the differences in age inclusion criteria of 15+ in the National Census of 1990 and 16+ in this study.
- 6.
The warehouse keepers, waiters, and drivers are classified as blue-collar workers.
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Li, P. (2016). Transition of Occupational and Social Stratum and Innovation of the Social Management System. In: Li, P. (eds) Great Changes and Social Governance in Contemporary China. China Insights. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45734-4_2
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