Abstract
The human shoulder complex comprises of articulations between the clavicle, the scapula, the humerus and the chest wall. It is composed of four synovial joints: the glenohumeral, the sterno-clavicular and the acromio-clavicular joint. Although the space between the scapula and the chest wall is not a true joint, this articulation is commonly regarded as the scapulo-thoracic joint. Stability at these joints is provided by a variety of ligamentous and muscular structures that appear during the human prenatal life. While many reports focused on postnatal development of the musculoskeletal system, there is a lack of information regarding the embrionary and fetal development. In this chapter, the most relevant published findings regarding shoulder development are described, showing a simple chronological view with special emphasis on the embryological and fetal development and its relationship with that of the adult.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Al-Qattan MM, Yang Y, Kozin SH. Embryology of the upper limb. J Hand Surg Am. 2009;34:1340–50.
Nazir SR, Bazir SZ. Histological development of human foetal shoulder joint. Int J Res Med Sci. 2014;2:293–9.
O’Rahilly R. Development stages in human embryos. Part A: embroys of the first three weeks. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington; 1973.
O’Rahilly R, Muller F. Developmental stages in human embryos: revised and new measurements. Cells Tissues Organs. 2010;192:73–84.
Rodriguez-Niedenfuhr MEA. Development of the arterial pattern in the upper limb of staged human embroys: normal development and anatomic variations. J Anat. 1999;1999(199):407–17.
Fawcett T. Development and ossification of the human clavicle. J Anat Physiol. 1913;47(Pt 2):225–34.
Haines RW. The development of joints. J Anat. 1947;81(Pt 1):33–55.
Gardner E, Gray DJ. Prenatal development of the human shoulder and acromioclavicular joints. Am J Anat. 1953;92(2):219–76.
Gray DJ, Gardner E. The prenatal development of the human humerus. Am J Anat. 1969;124(4):431–45.
Aboul-Mahasen LM, Sadek SA. Developmental morphological and histological studies on structures of the human fetal shoulder joint. Cells Tissues Organs. 2002;170(1):1–20.
Abe S, et al. Early fetal development of the rotator interval region of the shoulder with special reference to topographical relationships among related tendons and ligaments. Surg Radiol Anat. 2011;33(7):609–15.
Fealy S, et al. The developmental anatomy of the neonatal glenohumeral joint. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2000;9(3):217–22.
Abe S, et al. Variation of the subscapularis tendon at the fetal glenohumeral joint. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 2014;90(4):89–95.
Lapner PL, Lapner MA, Uhthoff HK. The anatomy of the superior labrum and biceps origin in the fetal shoulder. Clin Anat. 2010;23(7):821–8.
Smith SP, Bunker TD. Primary glenoid dysplasia: a review of 12 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2010;83:868–72.
Landau JP. Genetic and biomechanical determinants of glenoid version. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2009;18(4):661–7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 ISAKOS
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vázquez, T., Calvo, J., Sanudo, J., Calvo, E. (2015). Developmental Anatomy of the Shoulder. In: Bain, G., Itoi, E., Di Giacomo, G., Sugaya, H. (eds) Normal and Pathological Anatomy of the Shoulder. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45719-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45719-1_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-45718-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-45719-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)