Skip to main content

Introduction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Advances in Salivary Diagnostics

Abstract

Saliva, crucial to the function and protection of the oral cavity, has recently become also a “diagnostic fluid.” Protein composition and function of saliva are altered during disease, allowing it to become a medium in detection of many systemic illnesses. Furthermore, its safe and noninvasive collection makes saliva an ideal specimen over blood. To appreciate the role of salivary proteomics in predicting disease, saliva’s production, composition, and excretion in health must be understood. A summary of salivary gland anatomy, histology, saliva formation, and secretion is reviewed in this chapter.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Etzel K. Role of salivary glands in nutrition. In: Dobrosielski-Vergona K, editor. Biology of the salivary glands. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Inc; 1993. p. 129–52.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Holsinger CF, Bui DT. Anatomy, function, and evaluation of the salivary glands. In: Myers EN, Ferris RL, editors. Salivary gland disorders. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer; 2007. p. 1–16.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Edgar WM. Saliva and dental health: clinical implications of saliva: report of a consensus meeting. Br Dent J. 1990;169(3–4):96–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Fox PC, van der Ven PF, Sonies BC, Weiffenbach JM, Baum BJ. Xerostomia: evaluation of a symptom with increasing significance. JADA. 1985;110:519–25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bardow A, Lagerlof F, Nauntofte B, Tenovuo J. The role of saliva. In: Fejerskov O, Kidd E, editors. Dental caries: the disease and its clinical management. 2nd ed. Singapore: Wiley; 2008. p. 190–207.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Nanci A. Salivary glands. In: Ten Cate’s oral histology. 8th ed. Nanci A, Development, structure, and function. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2013. p. 253–77.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Roth G, Calmes R. Salivary glands and saliva. In: Oral biology. Eds. Roth G and Calmes R, St Louis: CV Mosby; 1981. p. 196–236.

    Google Scholar 

  8. McNabb PC, Tomasi TB. Host defense mechanisms at mucosal surfaces. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1981;35:477–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Dowd FJ. Saliva and dental caries. Dent Clin North Am. 1999;43:579–97.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Matsuo R. Role of saliva in the maintenance of taste sensitivity. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2000;11(2):216–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Tabak LA, Levine MJ, Mandel ID, Ellison SA. Role of salivary mucins in the protection of the oral cavity. J Oral Pathol. 1982;11:1–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Saracco CG, Crabill EV. Anatomy of the human salivary glands. In: Dobrosielski-Vergona K, editor. Biology of the salivary glands. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Inc; 1993. p. 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Sreebny LM. Dry mouth and salivary gland hypofunction, part I: diagnosis. Compendium. 1988;9(7):569–70. 573–4, 576 passim.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Nagato T, Yoshida H, Yoshida A, Uehara Y. A scanning electron microscope study of myoepithelial cells in exocrine glands. Cell Tissue Res. 1980;209(1):1–10.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Nauntofte B. Regulation of electrolyte and fluid secretion in salivary acinar cells. Am J Physiol. 1992;263(6):823–37.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Turner RJ, Sugiya H. Understanding salivary fluid and protein secretion. Oral Dis. 2002;8(1):3–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Catalán MA, Nakamoto T, Melvin JE. The salivary gland fluid secretion mechanism. J Med Invest. 2009;56(Suppl):192–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Petersen OH. Calcium-activated potassium channels and fluid secretion by exocrine glands. Am J Physiol. 1986;25:G1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Hay DI, Smith DJ, Schluckebier SK, Moreno EC. Relationship between concentration of human salivary statherin and inhibition of calcium phosphate precipitation in stimulated human parotid saliva. J Dent Res. 1984;63(6):857–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. García-Godoy F, Hicks MJ. Maintaining the integrity of the enamel surface. The role of dental biofilm, saliva and preventive agents in enamel demineralization and remineralization. JADA. 2008;139(2):25S–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Fine DH, Furgang D, Beydouin F. Lactoferrin iron levels are reduced in saliva of patients with localized aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2002;73(6):624–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Valenti P, Berlutti F, Conte MP, Longhi C, Seganti L. Lactoferrin functions: current status and perspectives. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2004;38(6):S127–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Walz A, Stühler K, Wattenberg A, Hawranke E, Meyer HE, Schmalz G, et al. Proteome analysis of glandular parotid and submandibular-sublingual saliva in comparison to whole human saliva by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteomics. 2006;6(5):1631–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Yao Y, Berg EA, Costello CE, Troxler RF, Oppenheim FG. Identification of protein components in human acquired enamel pellicle and whole saliva using novel proteomics approaches. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(7):5300–8. 14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Malamud D, Abrams WR, Barber CA, Weissman D, Rehtanz M, Golub E. Antiviral activities in human saliva. Adv Dent Res. 2011;23(1):34–7.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Pfaffe T, Cooper-White J, Beyerlein P, Kostner K, Punyadeera C. Diagnostic potential of saliva: current state and future applications. Clin Chem. 2011;57(5):675–87.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the following colleagues:

Dr. Streckfus for his continuous mentorship

Dr. Barry Rittman for his gracious support of this chapter by providing all the histology pictures

Dedication

Shalizeh A. Patel

To my parents: for all the sacrifices theyve made for me

To my husband: for loving me unconditionally

To my daughters: for making life so beautiful

Juliana A. Barros

To my Dad for encouraging and supporting my dreams

To my husband and kids for making life meaningful

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shalizeh A. Patel DDS .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Patel, S.A., Barros, J.A. (2015). Introduction. In: Streckfus, C. (eds) Advances in Salivary Diagnostics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45399-5_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45399-5_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-45398-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-45399-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics