Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Development of a Novel Fluoride-Modified Implant Surface for Clinical Use

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Implant Surfaces and their Biological and Clinical Impact

  • 1448 Accesses

Abstract

The OssseoSpeed™ implant is the first bone-anchored dental implant with a chemical surface modification of titanium to improve bone healing after implantation. Fluoride modification of titanium alters the surface oxide layer and creates a fluoride containing titanium oxide layer with a characteristic nanostructural surface topography. These small changes in surface chemistry and topography improve the properties of titanium as an implant material with increased bone-to-implant contact at an earlier stage after implantation as one important feature with clinical impact. This book chapter reviews the development of the fluoride-modified titanium implants and summarizes in vitro and in vivo scientific studies documenting and describing the physicochemical properties and biological responses that are experienced with this implant surface. Finally, the clinical studies of the commercial implant (OsseoSpeed™) are presented and discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Branemark PI, Hansson BO, Adell R, Breine U, Lindstrom J, Hallen O, et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Suppl. 1977;16:1–132.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Branemark PI. A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Int J Oral Surg. 1981;10(6):387–416.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Adell R, Eriksson B, Lekholm U, Branemark PI, Jemt T. Long-term follow-up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1990;5(4):347–59.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Albrektsson T, Branemark PI, Hansson HA, Lindstrom J. Osseointegrated titanium implants – requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man. Acta Orthop Scand. 1981;52(2):155–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Branemark PI, Adell R, Breine U, Hansson BO, Lindstrom J, Ohlsson A. Intra-osseous anchorage of dental prostheses. I. Experimental studies. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1969;3(2):81–100.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Buser D, Schenk RK, Steinemann S, Fiorellini JP, Fox CH, Stich H. Influence of surface characteristics on bone integration of titanium implants – a histomorphometric study in miniature pigs. J Biomed Mater Res. 1991;25(7):889–902.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Buser D, Weber HP, Bragger U, Balsiger C. Tissue integration of one-stage ITI implants: 3-year results of a longitudinal study with Hollow-Cylinder and Hollow-Screw implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1991;6(4):405–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Sennerby L. On the bone tissue response to titanium implants. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg; 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Lang NP, Pjetursson BE, Tan K, Bragger U, Egger M, Zwahlen M. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of fixed partial dentures (FPDs) after an observation period of at least 5 years – II. Combined tooth-implant-supported FPDs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2004;15(6):643–53.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Astrand P, Engquist B, Anzen B, Bergendal T, Hallman M, Karlsson U, et al. A three-year follow-up report of a comparative study of ITI Dental Implants and Branemark System implants in the treatment of the partially edentulous maxilla. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2004;6(3):130–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Lindhe J. Bone reactions to longstanding functional load at implants: an experimental study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32(9):925–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Albrektsson T, Zarb G, Worthington P, Eriksson AR. The long-term efficacy of currently used dental implants: a review and proposed criteria of success. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1986;1(1):11–25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Albrektsson T, Zarb GA. Current interpretations of the osseointegrated response: clinical significance. Int J Prosthodont. 1993;6(2):95–105.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Roos J, Sennerby L, Lekholm U, Jemt T, Grondahl K, Albrektsson T. A qualitative and quantitative method for evaluating implant success: a 5-year retrospective analysis of the Branemark implant. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1997;12(4):504–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Albrektsson T, Isidor F, editors. Consensus report of Session IV. 1st European workshop on periodontology. London: Quintessence Publishing; 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Thomas KA, Cook SD. An evaluation of variables influencing implant fixation by direct bone apposition. J Biomed Mater Res. 1985;19(8):875–901.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Thomas KA, Kay JF, Cook SD, Jarcho M. The effect of surface macrotexture and hydroxyapatite coating on the mechanical strengths and histologic profiles of titanium implant materials. J Biomed Mater Res. 1987;21(12):1395–414.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Larsson C, Esposito M, Liao H, Thomsen P. The titanium-bone interface in vivo. Titanium in medicine. Berlin: Springer; 2001. p. 587–648.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Carlsson L, Rostlund T, Albrektsson B, Albrektsson T. Removal torques for polished and rough titanium implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1988;3(1):21–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Gotfredsen K, Nimb L, Hjorting-Hansen E, Jensen JS, Holmen A. Histomorphometric and removal torque analysis for TiO2-blasted titanium implants. An experimental study on dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1992;3(2):77–84.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Gotfredsen K, Wennerberg A, Johansson C, Skovgaard LT, Hjortinghansen E. Anchorage of TiO2-blasted, ha-coated, and machined implants – an experimental-study with rabbits. J Biomed Mater Res. 1995;29(10):1223–31.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Wieland M. Experimental determination and quantitative evaluation of the surface composition and topography of medical implant surfaces and their influence on osteoblastic cell-surface interactions. Zürich: ETH Zurich; 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Cruz R, Rolla G, Ogaard B. Formation of fluoride on enamel in vitro after exposure to fluoridated mouthrinses. Acta Odontol Scand. 1991;49(6):329–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Rolla G, Ogaard B, Cruz RD. Topical application of fluorides on teeth – new concepts of mechanisms of interaction. J Clin Periodontol. 1993;20(2):105–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Saxegaard E, Rolla G. Kinetics of acquisition and loss of calcium-fluoride by enamel in vivo. Caries Res. 1989;23(6):406–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Pitt P, Berry H. Fluoride treatment in osteoporosis. Postgrad Med J. 1991;67(786):323–6.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Baud CA, Bang S, Very JM. Minor elements in bone mineral and their effects on its solubility. J Biol Buccale. 1977;5(3):195–202. Epub 1977/09/01.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Gedalia I, Zipkin I. The role of fluoride in bone structure. St. Louis: Warren H. Green Inc.; 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Farley JR, Tarbaux N, Hall S, Baylink DJ. Mitogenic action(s) of fluoride on osteoblast line cells: determinants of the response in vitro. J Bone Miner Res. 1990;5 Suppl 1:S107–13. Epub 1990/03/01.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Resch H, Libanati C, Farley S, Bettica P, Schulz E, Baylink DJ. Evidence that fluoride therapy increases trabecular bone density in a peripheral skeletal site. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993;76(6):1622–4. Epub 1993/06/01.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Lau KH, Farley JR, Freeman TK, Baylink DJ. A proposed mechanism of the mitogenic action of fluoride on bone cells: inhibition of the activity of an osteoblastic acid phosphatase. Metabolism. 1989;38(9):858–68. Epub 1989/09/01.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Bellows CG, Heersche JN, Aubin JE. The effects of fluoride on osteoblast progenitors in vitro. J Bone Miner Res. 1990;5 Suppl 1:S101–5. Epub 1990/03/01.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Kassem M, Mosekilde L, Eriksen EF. Effects of fluoride on human bone cells in vitro: differences in responsiveness between stromal osteoblast precursors and mature osteoblasts. Eur J Endocrinol. 1994;130(4):381–6. Epub 1994/04/01.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Kassem M, Mosekilde L, Eriksen EF. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 potentiates fluoride-stimulated collagen type I production in cultures of human bone marrow stromal osteoblast-like cells. J Bone Miner Res. 1993;8(12):1453–8. Epub 1993/12/01.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Kanagaraja S, Wennerberg A, Eriksson C, Nygren H. Cellular reactions and bone apposition to titanium surfaces with different surface roughness and oxide thickness cleaned by oxidation. Biomaterials. 2001;22(13):1809–18. Epub 2001/06/09.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Lausmaa J. Surface spectroscopic characterization of titanium implant materials. J Electron Spectrosc Relat Phenom. 1996;81(3):343–61.

    Google Scholar 

  37. McCafferty E, Wightman JP. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy sputter profile study of the native air-formed oxide film on titanium. Appl Surf Sci. 1999;143(1–4):92–100.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Pouilleau J, Devilliers D, Garrido F, Durand-Vidal S, Mahé E. Structure and composition of passive titanium oxide films. Mater Sci Eng B. 1997;47(3):235–43.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Sittig C, Textor M, Spencer ND, Wieland M, Vallotton PH. Surface characterization of implant materials c.p. Ti, Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4V with different pretreatments. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 1999;10(1):35–46.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Tengvall P, Lundstrom I. Physico-chemical considerations of titanium as a biomaterial. Clin Mater. 1992;9(2):115–34. Epub 1991/12/10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Ronold HJ, Ellingsen JE. Effect of micro-roughness produced by TiO2 blasting–tensile testing of bone attachment by using coin-shaped implants. Biomaterials. 2002;23(21):4211–9. Epub 2002/08/27.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Meirelles L, Currie F, Jacobsson M, Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. The effect of chemical and nanotopographical modifications on the early stages of osseointegration. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2008;23(4):641–7. Epub 2008/09/24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Lamolle SF, Monjo M, Rubert M, Haugen HJ, Lyngstadaas SP, Ellingsen JE. The effect of hydrofluoric acid treatment of titanium surface on nanostructural and chemical changes and the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells. Biomaterials. 2009;30(5):736–42. Epub 2008/11/22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Petersson IU, Loberg JE, Fredriksson AS, Ahlberg EK. Semi-conducting properties of titanium dioxide surfaces on titanium implants. Biomaterials. 2009;30(27):4471–9. Epub 2009/06/16.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Kang BS, Sul YT, Oh SJ, Lee HJ, Albrektsson T. XPS, AES and SEM analysis of recent dental implants. Acta Biomater. 2009;5(6):2222–9. Epub 2009/03/06.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Ellingsen JE. Pre-treatment of titanium implants with fluoride improves their retention in bone. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 1995;6(12):749–53.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Ellingsen JE. Surface configurations of dental implants. Periodontol 2000. 1998;17:36–46. Epub 1999/05/25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Ellingsen JE. On the properties of surface modified titanium. In: Davies JE, editor. Bone engineering. Toronto: E-squared ltd; 2000. p. 183–9.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Albrektsson T, Johansson C. Osteoinduction, osteoconduction and osseointegration. Eur Spine J. 2001;10 Suppl 2:S96–101.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Mendonca G, Mendonca DB, Aragao FJ, Cooper LF. Advancing dental implant surface technology–from micron- to nanotopography. Biomaterials. 2008;29(28):3822–35. Epub 2008/07/12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Aubin JE. Advances in the osteoblast lineage. Biochem Cell Biol. 1998;76(6):899–910. Epub 1999/07/07.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Aubin JE. Regulation of osteoblast formation and function. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2001;2(1):81–94. Epub 2001/11/14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Lian JB, Stein GS, Stein JL, van Wijnen AJ. Transcriptional control of osteoblast differentiation. Biochem Soc Trans. 1998;26(1):14–21. Epub 2000/07/18.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Stein GS, Lian JB, Stein JL, Van Wijnen AJ, Montecino M. Transcriptional control of osteoblast growth and differentiation. Physiol Rev. 1996;76(2):593–629.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Caplan AI. Mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Res. 1991;9(5):641–50. Epub 1991/09/01.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Berkes CA, Tapscott SJ. MyoD and the transcriptional control of myogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2005;16(4–5):585–95. Epub 2005/08/16.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Ducy P, Zhang R, Geoffroy V, Ridall AL, Karsenty G. Osf2/Cbfa1: a transcriptional activator of osteoblast differentiation. Cell. 1997;89(5):747–54.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Jensen ED, Gopalakrishnan R, Westendorf JJ. Regulation of gene expression in osteoblasts. Biofactors. 2010;36(1):25–32. Epub 2010/01/21.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Komori T, Yagi H, Nomura S, Yamaguchi A, Sasaki K, Deguchi K, et al. Targeted disruption of Cbfa1 results in a complete lack of bone formation owing to maturational arrest of osteoblasts. Cell. 1997;89(5):755–64. Epub 1997/05/30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Nakashima K, Zhou X, Kunkel G, Zhang Z, Deng JM, Behringer RR, et al. The novel zinc finger-containing transcription factor osterix is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Cell. 2002;108(1):17–29. Epub 2002/01/17.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Tu Q, Valverde P, Chen J. Osterix enhances proliferation and osteogenic potential of bone marrow stromal cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006;341(4):1257–65. Epub 2006/02/10.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Guida L, Annunziata M, Carinci F, Di Feo A, Passaro I, Oliva A. In vitro biologic response of human bone marrow stromal cells to enamel matrix derivative. J Periodontol. 2007;78(11):2190–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. McKee MD, Nanci A. Osteopontin and the bone remodeling sequence. Colloidal-gold immunocytochemistry of an interfacial extracellular matrix protein. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1995;760:177–89. Epub 1995/04/21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Sodek J, Chen J, Nagata T, Kasugai S, Todescan Jr R, Li IW, et al. Regulation of osteopontin expression in osteoblasts. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1995;760:223–41. Epub 1995/04/21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Cooper LF, Zhou Y, Takebe J, Guo J, Abron A, Holmen A, et al. Fluoride modification effects on osteoblast behavior and bone formation at TiO2 grit-blasted c.p. titanium endosseous implants. Biomaterials. 2006;27(6):926–36.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Guida L, Annunziata M, Rocci A, Contaldo M, Rullo R, Oliva A. Biological response of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to fluoride-modified titanium surfaces. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21(11):1234–41. Epub 2010/05/26.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Isa ZM, Schneider GB, Zaharias R, Seabold D, Stanford CM. Effects of fluoride-modified titanium surfaces on osteoblast proliferation and gene expression. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2006;21(2):203–11. Epub 2006/04/26.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Masaki C, Schneider GB, Zaharias R, Seabold D, Stanford C. Effects of implant surface microtopography on osteoblast gene expression. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2005;16(6):650–6. Epub 2005/11/26.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Valencia S, Gretzer C, Cooper LF. Surface nanofeature effects on titanium-adherent human mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009;24(1):38–46. Epub 2009/04/07.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Goransson A, Arvidsson A, Currie F, Franke-Stenport V, Kjellin P, Mustafa K, et al. An in vitro comparison of possibly bioactive titanium implant surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2009;88(4):1037–47. Epub 2008/04/12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Liu R, Lei T, Dusevich V, Yao X, Liu Y, Walker MP, et al. Surface characteristics and cell adhesion: a comparative study of four commercial dental implants. J Prosthodont. 2013;22:641–51. Epub 2013/06/04.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Ramis JM, Taxt-Lamolle SF, Lyngstadaas SP, Reseland JE, Ellingsen JE, Monjo M. Identification of early response genes to roughness and fluoride modification of titanium implants in human osteoblasts. Implant Dent. 2012;21(2):141–9. Epub 2012/03/03.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Santiago AS, Santos EA, Sader MS, Santiago MF, Soares Gde A. Response of osteoblastic cells to titanium submitted to three different surface treatments. Braz Oral Res. 2005;19(3):203–8. Epub 2005/11/26.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Guo J, Padilla RJ, Ambrose W, De Kok IJ, Cooper LF. The effect of hydrofluoric acid treatment of TiO2 grit blasted titanium implants on adherent osteoblast gene expression in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials. 2007;28(36):5418–25. Epub 2007/09/18.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Monjo M, Petzold C, Ramis JM, Lyngstadaas SP, Ellingsen JE. In vitro osteogenic properties of two dental implant surfaces. Int J Biomater. 2012;2012:181024. Epub 2012/11/03.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Bhatavadekar NB, Hu J, Keys K, Ofek G, Athanasiou KA. Novel application of cytodetachment technology to the analysis of dental implant surfaces. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2011;26(5):985–90. Epub 2011/10/20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Farley JR, Wergedal JE, Baylink DJ. Fluoride directly stimulates proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of bone-forming cells. Science. 1983;222(4621):330–2. Epub 1983/10/21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Lau KH, Baylink DJ. Molecular mechanism of action of fluoride on bone cells. J Bone Miner Res. 1998;13(11):1660–7. Epub 1998/11/03.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Thor A, Rasmusson L, Wennerberg A, Thomsen P, Hirsch JM, Nilsson B, et al. The role of whole blood in thrombin generation in contact with various titanium surfaces. Biomaterials. 2007;28(6):966–74. Epub 2006/11/11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Kienapfel H, Sprey C, Wilke A, Griss P. Implant fixation by bone ingrowth. J Arthroplasty. 1999;14(3):355–68. Epub 1999/04/29.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Osborn JF, Newesely H. Dynamic aspects of the bone-implant interface. In: Heimke G, editor. Dental implants: materials and systems. Munich: Carl Hanser VErlag; 1980. p. 111–23.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Ellingsen JE, Johansson CB, Wennerberg A, Holmen A. Improved retention and bone-to-implant contact with fluoride-modified titanium implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2004;19(5):659–66. Epub 2004/10/29.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Albouy JP, Lindhe J. Bone healing at implants with a fluoride-modified surface: an experimental study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2007;18(2):147–52. Epub 2007/02/03.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Abrahamsson I, Albouy JP, Berglundh T. Healing at fluoride-modified implants placed in wide marginal defects: an experimental study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008;19(2):153–9. Epub 2007/11/28.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Thor AL, Hong J, Kjeller G, Sennerby L, Rasmusson L. Correlation of platelet growth factor release in jawbone defect repair – a study in the dog mandible. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013;15(5):759–68. Epub 2012/01/13.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Monjo M, Lamolle SF, Lyngstadaas SP, Ronold HJ, Ellingsen JE. In vivo expression of osteogenic markers and bone mineral density at the surface of fluoride-modified titanium implants. Biomaterials. 2008;29(28):3771–80. Epub 2008/07/01.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Bressan E, Sivolella S, Urrutia ZA, Salata LA, Lang NP, Botticelli D. Short implants (6 mm) installed immediately into extraction sockets: an experimental study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(5):536–41. Epub 2012/02/11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Choi JY, Lee HJ, Jang JU, Yeo IS. Comparison between bioactive fluoride modified and bioinert anodically oxidized implant surfaces in early bone response using rabbit tibia model. Implant Dent. 2012;21(2):124–8. Epub 2012/03/03.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Coelho PG, Granato R, Marin C, Bonfante EA, Freire JN, Janal MN, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of endosseous implants at early implantation times: a study in dogs. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68(7):1667–75. Epub 2010/06/22.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. de Sanctis M, Vignoletti F, Discepoli N, Munoz F, Sanz M. Immediate implants at fresh extraction sockets: an experimental study in the beagle dog comparing four different implant systems. Soft tissue findings. J Clin Periodontol. 2010;37(8):769–76. Epub 2010/06/10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. de Sanctis M, Vignoletti F, Discepoli N, Zucchelli G, Sanz M. Immediate implants at fresh extraction sockets: bone healing in four different implant systems. J Clin Periodontol. 2009;36(8):705–11. Epub 2009/06/25.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Duyck J, Corpas L, Vermeiren S, Ogawa T, Quirynen M, Vandamme K, et al. Histological, histomorphometrical, and radiological evaluation of an experimental implant design with a high insertion torque. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21(8):877–84. Epub 2010/06/10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Johansson CB, Gretzer C, Jimbo R, Mattisson I, Ahlberg E. Enhanced implant integration with hierarchically structured implants: a pilot study in rabbits. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(8):943–53. Epub 2011/07/05.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Li Y, Zou S, Wang D, Feng G, Bao C, Hu J. The effect of hydrofluoric acid treatment on titanium implant osseointegration in ovariectomized rats. Biomaterials. 2010;31(12):3266–73. Epub 2010/02/06.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Vignoletti F, Discepoli N, Muller A, de Sanctis M, Munoz F, Sanz M. Bone modelling at fresh extraction sockets: immediate implant placement versus spontaneous healing: an experimental study in the beagle dog. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;39(1):91–7. Epub 2011/11/19.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Bilhan H, Geckili O, Mumcu E, Bozdag E, Sunbuloglu E, Kutay O. Influence of surgical technique, implant shape and diameter on the primary stability in cancellous bone. J Oral Rehabil. 2010;37(12):900–7. Epub 2010/06/10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Kang IH, Kim CW, Lim YJ, Kim MJ. A comparative study on the initial stability of different implants placed above the bone level using resonance frequency analysis. J Adv Prosthodont. 2011;3(4):190–5. Epub 2012/01/20.

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. De Kok IJ, Chang KH, Lu TS, Cooper LF. Comparison of three-implant-supported fixed dentures and two-implant-retained overdentures in the edentulous mandible: a pilot study of treatment efficacy and patient satisfaction. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2011;26(2):415–26.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Stanford CM, Wagner W, Rodriguez YBR, Norton M, McGlumphy E, Schmidt J. Evaluation of the effectiveness of dental implant therapy in a practice-based network (FOCUS). Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2010;25(2):367–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Geckili O, Bilhan H, Bilgin T. Impact of mandibular two-implant retained overdentures on life quality in a group of elderly Turkish edentulous patients. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2011;53(2):233–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Erkapers M, Ekstrand K, Baer RA, Toljanic JA, Thor A. Patient satisfaction following dental implant treatment with immediate loading in the edentulous atrophic maxilla. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2011;26(2):356–64.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Kleis WK, Kammerer PW, Hartmann S, Al-Nawas B, Wagner W. A comparison of three different attachment systems for mandibular two-implant overdentures: one-year report. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2010;12(3):209–18.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Bressan E, Tomasi C, Stellini E, Sivolella S, Favero G, Berglundh T. Implant-supported mandibular overdentures: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(7):814–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. D’Haese J, De Bruyn H. Effect of smoking habits on accuracy of implant placement using mucosally supported stereolithographic surgical guides. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013;15(3):402–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. D’Haese J, Van De Velde T, Elaut L, De Bruyn H. A prospective study on the accuracy of mucosally supported stereolithographic surgical guides in fully edentulous maxillae. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012;14(2):293–303.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Goshima K, Lexner MO, Thomsen CE, Miura H, Gotfredsen K, Bakke M. Functional aspects of treatment with implant-supported single crowns: a quality control study in subjects with tooth agenesis. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21(1):108–14.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Raes F, Cooper LF, Tarrida LG, Vandromme H, De Bruyn H. A case-control study assessing oral-health-related quality of life after immediately loaded single implants in healed alveolar ridges or extraction sockets. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(5):602–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Bressan E, Paniz G, Lops D, Corazza B, Romeo E, Favero G. Influence of abutment material on the gingival color of implant-supported all-ceramic restorations: a prospective multicenter study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011;22(6):631–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Raes F, Cosyn J, Crommelinck E, Coessens P, De Bruyn H. Immediate and conventional single implant treatment in the anterior maxilla: 1-year results of a case series on hard and soft tissue response and aesthetics. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(4):385–94.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Raes F, Cosyn J, De Bruyn H. Clinical, aesthetic, and patient-related outcome of immediately loaded single implants in the anterior maxilla: a prospective study in extraction sockets, healed ridges, and grafted sites. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013;15(6):819–35.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Tsuda H, Rungcharassaeng K, Kan JY, Roe P, Lozada JL, Zimmerman G. Peri-implant tissue response following connective tissue and bone grafting in conjunction with immediate single-tooth replacement in the esthetic zone: a case series. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2011;26(2):427–36.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  112. van Brakel R, Noordmans HJ, Frenken J, de Roode R, de Wit GC, Cune MS. The effect of zirconia and titanium implant abutments on light reflection of the supporting soft tissues. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011;22(10):1172–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Acocella A, Bertolai R, Sacco R. Modified insertion technique for immediate implant placement into fresh extraction socket in the first maxillary molar sites: a 3-year prospective study. Implant Dent. 2010;19(3):220–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Ferrus J, Cecchinato D, Pjetursson EB, Lang NP, Sanz M, Lindhe J. Factors influencing ridge alterations following immediate implant placement into extraction sockets. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21(1):22–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  115. Gokcen-Rohlig B, Meric U, Keskin H. Clinical and radiographic outcomes of implants immediately placed in fresh extraction sockets. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;109(4):030.

    Google Scholar 

  116. Barbier L, Abeloos J, De Clercq C, Jacobs R. Peri-implant bone changes following tooth extraction, immediate placement and loading of implants in the edentulous maxilla. Clin Oral Investig. 2012;16(4):1061–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Collaert B, Wijnen L, De Bruyn H. A 2-year prospective study on immediate loading with fluoride-modified implants in the edentulous mandible. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011;22(10):1111–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  118. Donati M, La Scala V, Billi M, Di Dino B, Torrisi P, Berglundh T. Immediate functional loading of implants in single tooth replacement: a prospective clinical multicenter study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2008;19(8):740–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Koutouzis T, Koutouzis G, Tomasi C, Lundgren T. Immediate loading of implants placed with the osteotome technique: one-year prospective case series. J Periodontol. 2011;82(11):1556–62.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Mertens C, Steveling HG. Early and immediate loading of titanium implants with fluoride-modified surfaces: results of 5-year prospective study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011;22(12):1354–60.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  121. Schliephake H, Rodiger M, Phillips K, McGlumphy EA, Chacon GE, Larsen P. Early loading of surface modified implants in the posterior mandible – 5 year results of an open prospective non-controlled study. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;39(2):188–95.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  122. Rismanchian M, Fazel A, Rakhshan V, Eblaghian G. One-year clinical and radiographic assessment of fluoride-enhanced implants on immediate non-functional loading in posterior maxilla and mandible: a pilot prospective clinical series study. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2011;22(12):1440–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Galindo-Moreno P, Nilsson P, King P, Becktor J, Speroni S, Schramm A, et al. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of early loaded narrow diameter implants – 1-year follow-up. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(5):609–16.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  124. Cecchinato D, Bressan EA, Toia M, Araujo MG, Liljenberg B, Lindhe J. Osseointegration in periodontitis susceptible individuals. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(1):1–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  125. Balleri P, Veltri M, Nuti N, Ferrari M. Implant placement in combination with sinus membrane elevation without biomaterials: a 1-year study on 15 patients. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012;14(5):682–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Galindo-Moreno P, Moreno-Riestra I, Avila G, Fernandez-Barbero JE, Mesa F, Aguilar M, et al. Histomorphometric comparison of maxillary pristine bone and composite bone graft biopsies obtained after sinus augmentation. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2010;21(1):122–8. Epub 2009/10/23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Gulje F, Raghoebar GM, Ter Meulen JW, Vissink A, Meijer HJ. Mandibular overdentures supported by 6-mm dental implants: a 1-year prospective cohort study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012;14(1):1708–8208.

    Google Scholar 

  128. Kahnberg KE, Wallstrom M, Rasmusson L. Local sinus lift for single-tooth implant. I: clinical and radiographic follow-up. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2011;13(3):231–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  129. Pieri F, Aldini NN, Fini M, Marchetti C, Corinaldesi G. Immediate fixed implant rehabilitation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla after bilateral sinus floor augmentation: a 12-month pilot study. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2012;14(1):1708–8208.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Støre G, Heyden A, Walaas L. Osseointegration surgery and implant stability in irradiated mandibles. Oral Surg. 2011;4(2):65–72.

    Google Scholar 

  131. Mertens C, Steveling HG, Seeberger R, Hoffmann J, Freier K. Reconstruction of severely atrophied alveolar ridges with calvarial onlay bone grafts and dental implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2013;15(5):673–83. Epub 2011/10/20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  132. Vervaeke S, Collaert B, Vandeweghe S, Cosyn J, Deschepper E, De Bruyn H. The effect of smoking on survival and bone loss of implants with a fluoride-modified surface: a 2-year retrospective analysis of 1106 implants placed in daily practice. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012;23(6):758–66. Epub 2011/05/07.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  133. Fandridis J, Papadopoulos T. Surface characterization of three titanium dental implants. Implant Dent. 2008;17(1):91–9. Epub 2008/03/12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  134. Jarmar T, Palmquist A, Branemark R, Hermansson L, Engqvist H, Thomsen P. Characterization of the surface properties of commercially available dental implants using scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2008;10(1):11–22. Epub 2008/02/08.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Svanborg LM, Andersson M, Wennerberg A. Surface characterization of commercial oral implants on the nanometer level. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2010;92(2):462–9. Epub 2009/12/04.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  136. Rupp F, Scheideler L, Eichler M, Geis-Gerstorfer J. Wetting behavior of dental implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2011;26(6):1256–66. Epub 2011/12/15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Geitmyrsveien 71, 1109, Blindern, Oslo, 0317, Norway

    Jan Eirik Ellingsen DDS, Dr.odont

  2. Department of Fundamental Biology and Health Sciences, Research Institute on Health Sciences (IUNICS), Instituto de Investigación Santaria de Palma (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    Marta Monjo PhD & Joana Maria Ramis PhD

Authors
  1. Jan Eirik Ellingsen DDS, Dr.odont
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marta Monjo PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Joana Maria Ramis PhD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jan Eirik Ellingsen DDS, Dr.odont .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Odontology Dept Prosthodontics, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden

    Ann Wennerberg

  2. Department of Biomaterials, Division of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg Sahlgren’s Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Tomas Albrektsson

  3. Faculty of Odontology Dept Prosthodontics, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden

    Ryo Jimbo

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ellingsen, J.E., Monjo, M., Ramis, J.M. (2015). Development of a Novel Fluoride-Modified Implant Surface for Clinical Use. In: Wennerberg, A., Albrektsson, T., Jimbo, R. (eds) Implant Surfaces and their Biological and Clinical Impact. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45379-7_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45379-7_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-45378-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-45379-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation