Abstract
Carotidatherosclerosis is related to cerebrovascular diseases. The anatomic features of the carotid artery may influence the hemodynamics within the vessel and therefore stimulate atherosclerotic process. This paper establishes two three-dimensional patient-specific models of the carotid artery. By changing the bifurcation angle while keeping the physiological morphology of the carotid artery, we investigate the hemodynamic variations and discuss their relationships to atherosclerosis. The results indicate: (i) the volume flow rate ratio of internal-to-external carotid artery decreases while the external-to-common carotid artery angle and the internal-to-common carotid artery angle increase; (ii) the enlargement of the angle (either external-to-common carotid artery angle or internal-to-common carotid artery angle) can reduce the region of low time-averaged wall shear stress (<0.3Pa) on the affected internal or external carotid artery, a positive effect to protect further plaque formations; and (iii) changing of the bifurcation angle presents littleeffects on the velocity, pressure and wall shear stress distributions in the carotid artery.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Schmidt-Trucksäss, A., Huonker, M.: Assessment of atherosclerotic arterial changes in the carotid artery with noninvasive ultrasound. Z Kardiol. 81, 124–129 (2000)
Caroline Cheng, D.T., van Haperen, R., van der Baan, A., Grosveld, F., Daemen, M.J.A.P., Krams, R., de Crom, R.: Atherosclerotic Lesion Size and Vulnerability are Determined by Patterns of Fluid Shear Stress. Circulation 113, 2744–2753 (2006)
Dirksen, M.T., van der Wal, A.C., van den Berg, F.M., van der Loos, C.M., Becker, A.E.: Distribution of Inflammatory Cells in Atherosclerotic Plaques Relates to the Direction of Flow. The American Heart Association 98, 2000–2003 (1998)
Wakhloo, A.K., et al.: Hemodynamics of Carotid Artery Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 15(1), S111–S121 (2004)
Crouse, J.R., Toole, J.F., McKinney, W.M., Dignan, M.B., Howard, G., Kahl, F.R., McMahan, M.R., Harpold, G.H.: Risk factors for extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis. Stroke 18, 990–996 (1987)
Willeit, J., Kiechl, S.: Prevalence and risk factors of asymptomatic extracranial carotid artery atherosclerosis. A population-based study. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 13(5), 661–668 (1993)
Peterson, R.E., Livingston, K.E., Escobar, A.: Development and distribution of gross atherosclerotic lesions at cervical carotid bifurcation. Neurology 10(11), 955–959 (1960)
Zarins, C.K., et al.: Carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis. Quantitative correlation of plaque localization with flow velocity profiles and wall shear stress. Circulation Research 53(4), 502–514 (1983)
Thomas, J.B., et al.: Variation in the carotid bifurcation geometry of young versus older adults: implications for geometric risk of atherosclerosis. Stroke 36(11), 2450–2456 (2005)
Resch, K.P.A.M.: Numerical flow studies in human carotid artery bifurcations:basic discussion of the geometric factor in atherogenesis. J. Biomed. Eng. 12, 111–123 (1990)
Landis, G.S., Faries, P.L.: A critical look at “high-risk” in choosing the proper intervention for patients with carotid bifurcation disease. Semin. Vasc. Surg. 20(4), 199–204 (2007)
Phan, T.G., et al.: Carotid artery anatomy and geometry as risk factors for carotid atherosclerotic disease. Stroke 43(6), 1596–1601 (2012)
Affeld, K., et al.: Variability of the Geometry of the Human Common Carotid Artery. A Vessel Cast Study of 31 Specimens. Pathology - Research and Practice 194(9), 597–602 (1998)
Goubergrits, L., et al.: Atherosclerosis in the human common carotid artery. A morphometric study of 31 specimens. Pathol. Res. Pract. 197(12), 803–809 (2001)
Goubergrits, L., et al.: Geometry of the human common carotid artery. A vessel cast study of 86 specimens. Pathol. Res. Pract. 198(8), 543–551 (2002)
Hayase, H., Tokunaga, K., Nakayama, T., Sugiu, K., Nishida, A., Arimitsu, S., Hishikawa, T., Ono, S., Ohta, M., Date, I.: Computational Fluid Dynamics of Carotid Arteries After Carotid Endarterectomy or Carotid Artery Stenting Based on Postoperative Patient-Specific Computed Tomography Angiography and Ultrasound Flow Data. Neurosurgery 68(4), 1069–1101 (2011)
Cebral, J.R., et al.: Blood Flow Modeling in Carotid Arteries with Computational Fluid Dynamics and MR Imaging. Academic Radiology 9(11), 1286–1299 (2002)
Xue, Y., Gao, P., Lin, Y., Dai, C.: Preliminary Study of Hemodynamics in Human Carotid Bifurcation by Computational Fluid Dynamics Combined with Magnetic Resonance Angiography. Acta Radiol. (7), 787–797 (2007)
Jou, L.-D., et al.: Wall Shear Stress on Ruptured and Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms at the Internal Carotid Artery. AJNR Am J. Neuroradiol 29, 1761–1767 (2008)
Schirmer, C.M., Malek, A.M.: Wall Shear Stress Gradient Analysis within an Idealized Stenosis Using Non-Newtonian Flow. Neurosurgery 61, 853–864 (2007)
Xue, Y.J., et al.: Preliminary study of hemodynamic distribution in patient-specific stenotic carotid bifurcation by image-based computational fluid dynamics. Acta Radiol. 49(5), 558–565 (2008)
Younis, H.F., et al.: Hemodynamics and wall mechanics in human carotid bifurcation and its consequences for atherogenesis: investigation of inter-individual variation. Biomech. Model Mechanobiol 3(1), 17–32 (2004)
Lonsdale, G., Schuller, A.: Multigrid Efficiency for Complex Flow Simulations on Distributed Memory Machines. Parallel Computing 19(1), 23–32 (1993)
Vandoormaal, J.P., Raithby, G.D.: Enhancements of the Simple Method for Predicting Incompressible Fluid-Flows. Numerical Heat Transfer 7(2), 147–163 (1984)
Hoi, Y., et al.: Characterization of volumetric flow rate waveforms at the carotid bifurcations of older adults. Physiol. Meas. 31(3), 291–302 (2010)
Campbell, I.C., et al.: Effect of inlet velocity profiles on patient-specific computational fluid dynamics simulations of the carotid bifurcation. J. Biomech. Eng. 134(5), 051001 (2012)
Zarins, C.K., Giddens, D.P., Bharadvaj, B.K., Sottiurai, V.S., Mabon, R.F., Glagov, S.: Quantitative correlation of plaque localization with flow velocity profiles and wall shear stress. Circ. Res. 53, 502–514 (1983)
Augst, A.D., Ariff, B., McG Thom, S.A., Xu, X.Y., Hughes, A.D.: Analysis of complex flow and the relationship betweenblood pressure, wall shear stress, and intima-media thickness in the human carotid artery. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 293, H1031–H1037 (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mei, Y., Müller-Eschner, M., Chen, D. (2014). The Hemodynamic Comparison of Different Carotid Artery Bifurcation Angles Based on Patient-Specific Models. In: Ma, S., Jia, L., Li, X., Wang, L., Zhou, H., Sun, X. (eds) Life System Modeling and Simulation. ICSEE LSMS 2014 2014. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 461. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45283-7_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45283-7_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-45282-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-45283-7
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)