Abstract
In order to position the probe tip or the sample, piezoelectric elements are used as actuators. The piezoelectric effect was discovered by the Curie brothers in 1880.
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Notes
- 1.
In tables sometimes also the elastic compliance \(S\) is used, which corresponds to the reciprocal of Young’s modulus.
- 2.
In this simplified consideration, we have left out the formation energy of domain walls which results in the formation of larger domains. Larger domains mean less domain wall energy. A further contribution in the energy balance is the build up of mechanical strain inside the domains when an external electric field is applied.
- 3.
If the damping medium is at rest relative to a fixed external coordinate system, (i.e. not oscillating together with \(x_1\), as assumed here), the term \(\dot{x}_1\) has to be neglected in the following. This case applies to a cantilever in atomic force microscopy damped in air.
- 4.
Sometimes a factor of \(1/\sqrt{2}\) is included if the root mean square (RMS) amplitude instead of the peak amplitude is measured.
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© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Voigtländer, B. (2015). Technical Aspects of Scanning Probe Microscopy. In: Scanning Probe Microscopy. NanoScience and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45240-0_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45240-0_3
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