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Microorganisms for Biorefining of Green Biomass

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Microorganisms in Biorefineries

Part of the book series: Microbiology Monographs ((MICROMONO,volume 26))

Abstract

Traditional green crops such as grass, clover, alfalfa as well as new (halophytic) green biomass of Salicornia have great potential to be utilised in the concept of the green biorefinery, where the first step is a wet fractionation of the biomass to yield a sugar- and protein-rich juice and a lignocellulosic pulp fraction.

An array of industrially important microorganisms is needed in order to efficiently convert green biomass into useful products such as lactic acid, l-lysine and ethanol using the concept of green biorefining. The first—and vital microorganism used—is lactic acid bacteria, which has the ability to quickly acidify the easy perishable juice fraction and convert it into a storable nutrient-rich medium, e.g. l-lysine fermentation. The acidification also leads to precipitation of the “leaf” protein of the juice which allows for separation of this fraction to yield a value-added protein product. The resulting brown juice can be used as medium for l-lysine fermentation, e.g. using Corynebacterium glutamicum. The pulp fraction which is primarily lignocellulose is suggested as a good substrate for ethanol fermentation after physicochemical pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. The most important microbes, given the current state of green biorefining, have been identified in this book chapter as Lactobacillus salivarius, Corynebacterium glutamicum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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Acknowledgement

Part of this research is sponsored by The Sustainable Bioenergy Research Consortium (SBRC), with contributions from Masdar Institute, Boeing, UOP Honeywell, Etihad Airways and SAFRAN.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Institute Centre for Energy (iEnergy), Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, 54115, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

    Mette Hedegaard Thomsen, Ayah Alassali, Iwona Cybulska & Jonathan Jed Brown

  2. Institute Centre for Water and Environment (iWATER), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

    Ahmed F. Yousef

  3. Biotest Aps, Svinoevej 39, 5500, Middelfart, Denmark

    Margrethe Andersen & Pauli Kiel

  4. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Alexander Ratkov

Authors
  1. Mette Hedegaard Thomsen
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  2. Ayah Alassali
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  3. Iwona Cybulska
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  4. Ahmed F. Yousef
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  5. Jonathan Jed Brown
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  6. Margrethe Andersen
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  7. Alexander Ratkov
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  8. Pauli Kiel
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mette Hedegaard Thomsen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. FI Biopos e.V. and BTU Cottbus Research Center Teltow-Seehof, Teltow, Germany

    Birgit Kamm

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© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Thomsen, M.H. et al. (2015). Microorganisms for Biorefining of Green Biomass. In: Kamm, B. (eds) Microorganisms in Biorefineries. Microbiology Monographs, vol 26. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45209-7_6

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