Abstract
One of the most common methods employed to tune the properties of a surface consists of the formation of a monomolecular layer of organic species, possessing a thickness of up to a few nanometers [1–13]. Molecules that form monolayers are normally more or less strongly adsorbed or even covalently bound to a surface. In fact, the adsorption of species on surfaces is a spontaneous phenomenon, since clean electrode surfaces are frequently thermodynamically unstable in a real environment, due to the presence of dangling bonds. Adsorption of molecules leading to mono- and multilayers reduces the overall energy of the system consisting of not interacting substrate and adsorbed species.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Mandler D, Kraus–Ophir S (2011) J Solid State Electrochem 15:1535–1558
Vericat C, Vela ME, Benitez G, Carrob P, Salvarezza RC (2010) Chem Soc Rev 39:1805–1834
Di Benedetto SA, Facchetti A, Ratner MA, Marks TJ (2009) Adv Mater 21:1407–1433
Chen D, Li J (2006) Surf Sci Rep 61:445–463
Vericat C, Vela ME, Salvarezza RC (2005) Phys Chem Chem Phys 7:3258–3268
Love JC, Estroff LA, Kriebel JK, Nuzzo RG, Whitesides GM (2005) Chem Rev 105:1103–1169
Schreiber F (2000) Progr Surf Sci 65:151–256
Ulman A (1996) Chem Rev 96:1533–1554
Murray RW (1980) Acc Chem Res 13:135–141
Murray RW, Ewing AG, Durst RA (1987) Anal Chem 59:379–390
Fujihira M, Rubinstein I, Rusling JF (eds) (2007) Encyclopedia of electrochemistry, vol 10. Wiley–VCH, Weinheim
Barendrecht E (1990) J App Electrochem 10:175–185
Murray RW (ed) (1992) Molecular design of electrode surfaces. Wiley, New York
Bigelow WC, Pickett DL, Zisman WA (1946) J Colloid Interface Sci 1:513–538
Fernandes de Farias R (2009) Chemistry on modified oxide and phosphate surfaces: fundamentals and applications. Academic, Amsterdam
Finklea HO, Robinson LR, Blackburn A, Richter N, Allara DL, Bright T (1996) Langmuir 2:239–244
Wirde M, Gelius U (1999) Langmuir 15:6370–6378
Michota A, Kudelski A, Bukowska J (2000) Langmuir 16:10236–10242
Esaulov V, Canepa M, Pasquali L, Hamoudi H, Dablemont C, Terzi F, Stefano S, Seeber R, Datta D (2011) Langmuir 27:4713–4720
Pasquali L, Terzi F, Seeber R, Doyle BP, Nannarone S (2008) J Chem Phys 128:134711
Pasquali L, Terzi F, Zanardi C, Pigani L, Seeber R, Paolicelli G, Suturin SM, Mahne N, Nannarone S (2007) Surf Sci 601:1419–1427
Pasquali L, Terzi F, Zanardi C, Seeber R, Paolicelli G, Mahne N, Nannarone S (2007) J Phys 19:305020
Chehimi MM (ed) (2012) Aryl diazonium salts: new coupling agents in polymer and surface science. Wiley–VCH, Berlin
Belanger D, Pinson J (2011) Chem Soc Rev 40:3995–4048
Mahouche–Chergui S, Gam–Derouich S, Mangeney C, Chehimi MM (2011) Chem Soc Rev 40:4143–4166
Pinsona J, Podvorica F (2005) Chem Soc Rev 34:429–439
Uosaki K (2009) Chem Rec 9:199–209
Kadish KM, Smith KM (eds) (2000) The porphyrin handbook, vol 6. Academic, San Diego
Nyokong T, Bedioui F (2006) J Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 10:1101–1115
Kurzatkowska K, Shpakovsky D, Radecki J, Radeckaa H, Jingwei Z, Milaev E (2009) Talanta 78:126–131
Katsonis N, Vicario J, Kudernac T, Visser J, Pollard MM, Feringa BL (2006) J Am Chem Soc 128:15537–15541
Ozoemena KI, Nyokong T (2002) Electrochim Acta 47:4035–4043
Ozoemena KI, Nyokong T (2006) Talanta 67:162–168
Ozoemena KI, Nyokong T (2005) J Electroanal Chem 579:283–289
Ozoemena KI, Nyokong T (2006) Electrochim Acta 51:2669–2677
Gopakumar TG, Lackinger M, Hackert M, Muller F, Hietschold M (2004) J Phys Chem B 108:7839–7843
Pawin G, Wong KL, Kim D, Sun D, Bartels L, Hong S, Rahman TS, Carp R, Marsella M (2008) Angew Chem Int 47:8442–8445
Barlow SM, Raval R (2003) Surf Sci Rep 50:201–341
McCreery RL (2008) Chem Rev 108:2646–2687
McCreery RL (1991) Carbon electrodes: structural effects on electron transfer kinetics. In: Bard AJ (ed) Electroanalytical chemistry: a series of advances, vol 17. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 221–374
Moffat TP (1999) Scanning tunneling microscopy studies of metal electrodes. In: Bard AJ, Rubenstein I (eds) Electroanalytical chemistry: a series of advances, vol 21. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 211–316
Robinson KM, Robinson IK, O’Grady WE (1992) Surf Sci 262:387–394
Czanderna AW, Powell CJ, Madey TE (2002) Specimen handling, preparation, and treatments in surface characterization. Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York
Dieold U (2003) Surf Sci Rep 48:53–229
Terzi F, Pasquali L, Montecchi M, Nannarone S, Viinikanoja A, Aaritalo T, Salomaàki M, Lukkari J, Doyle BP, Seeber R (2011) J Phys Chem C 115:17836–17844
Pasquali L, Terzi F, Montecchi M, Doyle BP, Lukkari J, Zanfrognini B, Seeber R, Nannarone S (2009) J Electron Spectrosc Relat Phenom 172:114–119
Ibach H (2006) Physics of surfaces and interfaces. Springer, Berlin
Duwez AS (2004) J Electron Spectrosc 134:97–138
Kluth GJ, Carraro C, Maboudian R (1999) Phys Rev B 59:R10409–R10452
Freund HJ (1995) Phys Stat Sol B 192:407–440
Busca G (2006) The surface acidity and basicity of solid oxides and zeolites. In: Fierro JLG (ed) Metal oxides – chemistry and applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 247–318
Tao YT (1993) J Am Chem Soc 115:4350
Ohmann R, Levita G, Vitali L, De Vita A, Kern K (2011) ACS Nano 5:1360–1365
Laibinis PE, Whitesides GM, Allara DL, Tao YT, Parikh AN, Nuzzo RG (1991) J Am Chem Soc 113:7152–7167
Pradeep T, Sandhyarani N (2002) Pure Appl Chem 74:1593–1607
Smith RK, Lewis PA, Weiss PS (2004) Progr Surf Sci 75:1–68
Elmorea DL, Chase DB, Liuc Y, Rabolt JF (2004) Vib Spectrom 34:37–45
Tao F, Bernasek SL (2007) Chem Rev 107:1408–1453
Thuo MM, Reus WF, Nijhuis CA, Barber JR, Kim C, Schulz MD, Whitesides GM (2011) J Am Chem Soc 133:2962–2975
Eckermann AL, Feld DJ, Shaw JA, Meade TJ (2010) Coord Chem Rev 254:1769–1802
Hunter CA, Lawson KR, Perkins J, Urch CJJ (2001) Chem Soc Perkin Trans 5:651–669
Janiak C (2000) J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 8:3885–3896
Waters ML (2002) Curr Opin Chem Biol 6:736–741
Clegg RS, Hutchison JE (1999) J Am Chem Soc 121:5319–5327
Evans SD, Urankar E, Ulman A, Ferris N (1991) J Am Chem Soc 113:4121–4131
Ogawa K, Mino N, Tamura H, Hatada M (1990) Langmuir 6:1807–1809
Chang YC, Frank CW (1998) Langmuir 14:326–334
Wei L, Tiznado H, Liu G, Padmaja K, Lindsey JS, Zaera F, Bocian DF (2005) J Phys Chem B 109:23963–23971
Venkataramanan M, Pradeep T (2000) Anal Chem 72:5852–5856
Yamada R, Wano H, Uosaki K (2000) Langmuir 16:5523–5525
Norrod KL (1998) J Am Chem Soc 120:2656–2657
Schoenfisch MH, Pemberton JE (1998) J Am Chem Soc 120:4502–4513
Zhang Y, Terrill RH, Tanzer TA, Bohn PW (1998) J Am Chem Soc 120:2654–2655
Scholz F, López deLara González G, Machado de Carvalho L, Hilgemann M, Brainina KZ, Kahlert H, Jack RS, Minh DT (2007) Angew Chem Int 46:8079–8081
Haensch C, Hoeppener S, Schubert US (2010) Chem Soc Rev 39:2323–2334
Ma Z, Zaera F (2006) Surf Sci Rep 61:229–281
Sullivan TP, Huck WTS (2003) Eur J Org Chem 2003:17–29
Chechik V, Crooks RM, Stirling CJM (2000) Adv Mater 12:1161–1171
Barteau MA (1996) Chem Rev 96:1413–1430
Wolf MO, Fox MA (1995) J Am Chem Soc 117:1845–1846
Guo R, Song Y, Wang G, Murray RW (2005) J Am Chem Soc 127:2752–2757
Templeton AC, Wuelfing WP, Murray RW (2000) Acc Chem Res 33:27–36
Hostetler MJ, Templeton AC, Murray RW (1999) Langmuir 15:3782–3789
Zanardi C, Terzi F, Seeber R, Baldoli C, Licandro E, Maiorana S (2012) Artif DNA: PNA XNA 3:80–87
Stranick SJ, Parikh AN, Tao YT, Allara DL, Weiss PS (1994) J Phys Chem 98:7636–7646, SJ
Stranick SJ, Atre SV, Parikh AN, Wood MC, Allara DL, Winograd N, Weiss PS (1996) Nanotechnology 7:438–442
Heeger AJ (2010) Chem Soc Rev 39:2354–2371
Inzelt G (2008) Conducting polymers – a new era in electrochemistry, monographs in electrochemistry. Springer–Verlag, Berlin
Peng ZQ, Dong SJ (2001) Langmuir 17:4904–4909
Cheng L, Bocarsly AB, Bernasek SL, Ramanarayanan TA (1997) Surf Sci 374:357–37216
Winther–Jensen B, Chen J, West K, Wallace G (2004) Macromolecules 37:5930–5935
Bein T (1996) Conjugated and conducting nanostructures in zeolites. In: Chon H, Woo SI, Park S–E (eds) Recent advances and new horizons in zeolite science and technology, vol 102. Elsevier, New York, pp 295–322
Ballav N, Biswas M (2004) Synth Met 142:309–315
Terzi F, Pasquali L, Seeber R (2013) Anal Bioanal Chem 405:1513–1535
Fleer GJ, Stuart MAC, Scheutjens JMHM (1993) Polymers at interfaces. Chapman & Hall, Cambridge
Farrokhpay S (2009) Adv Colloid Interface Sci 151:24–32
Fujimoto H, Nagashima U, Inokuchi H, Seki K, Cao Y, Nakahara H, Nakayama J, Hoshino M, Fukuda K (1990) J Chem Phys 92:4077–4092
Alberti A, Ballarin B, Guerra M, Macciantelli D, Mucci A, Parenti F, Schenetti L, Seeber R, Zanardi C (2003) Chem Phys Chem 4:1216–1225
Compagnini G, De Bonis A, Cataliotti RS, Marletta G (2000) PCCP 2:5298–5301
Zotti G, Vercelli B, Berlin A (2008) Acc Chem Res 41:1098–1109
Oçafrain M, Tran TK, Blanchard P, Lenfant S, Godey S, Vuillaume D, Roncali J (2008) Adv Funct Mater 18:2163–2171
Zotti G, Zecchin S, Vercelli B, Berlin A, Grimoldi S, Groenendaal L, Bertoncello R, Natali M (2005) Chem Mater 17:3681–3694
Berlin A, Zotti G, Schiavon G, Zecchin S (1998) J Am Chem Soc 120:13453–1346029
Ulgut B, Abruna HD (2008) Chem Rev 108:2721–2736
Zhang J, Kuznetsov AM, Medvedev IG, Chi Q, Albrecht T, Jensen PS, Ulstrup J (2008) Chem Rev 108:2737–2791
Wang W, Lee T, Reed MA (2003) Phys Rev B 68:035416
Tour JM, Jones LR II, Pearson DL, Lamba JJS, Burgin TP, Whitesides GM, Allara DL, Parikh JN, Atrer SV (1995) J Am Chem Soc 117:9529–9534
Choi SH, Kim B, Frisbie CD (2008) Science 320:1482
Finklea HO (1996) Electrochemistry of organized monolayers of thiols and related molecules on electrodes. In: Bard AJ, Rubinstein I (eds) Electroanalytical chemistry, vol 19. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 109–322
Mirsky VM (2002) TrAC Trends Anal Chem Tr 21:439–450
Herzog G, Arrigan DWM (2003) Electroanalysis 15:1302–1306
Ozoemena K, Westbroek P, Nyokong T (2001) Electrochem Comm 3:529–534
Li M, Li YT, Li DW, Long YT (2012) Anal Chim Acta 734:31–44
Metters JP, Kadara RO, Banks CE (2011) Analyst 136:1067–1076
Dominguez–Renedo O, Alonso–Lomillo MA, Arcos–Martinez MJ (2007) Talanta 73:202–219
Kong Y, Chen H, Wang Y, Soper SA (2006) Electrophoresis 27:2940–2950
Zimmerman WB (2011) Chem Eng Sci 66:1412–1425
Pumera M, Merkoc A¸ Alegret S (2006) TrAC Trends Anal Chem 25:219–235
Wang J (2005) Electroanalysis 17:1135–1140
Jensen LG, Nielsen KA, Breton T, Sessler JL, Jeppesen JO, Levillain E, Sanguinet L (2009) Chem Eur J 15:8128–8133
Wang J, Wu H, Angnes L (1993) Anal Chem 65:1893–1896
Shervedani RK, Farahbakhsh A, Bagherzadeh M (2007) Anal Chim Acta 587:254–262
Malel E, JK Sinha JK, Zawisza I, Wittstock G, Mandler D (2008) Electrochim Acta 53:6753–6758
Shervedani RK, Bagherzadeh M, Mozaffari SA (2006) Sens Act B 115:614–621
Codognoto L, Winter E, Paschoal JAR, Suffredini HB, Cabral MF, Machado SAS, Rath S (2007) Talanta 72:427–433
Huang YJ, Jiang YB, Fossey JS, Jamesa TD, Marken F (2010) J Mater Chem 20:8305–8310
Shervedani RK, Bagherzadeh M (2008) Electroanalysis 20:550–557
Perry M, Li Q, Kennedy RT (2009) Anal Chim Acta 653:1–22
Bozica RG, West AC, Levicky R (2008) Sens Act B 133:509–515
Mashazi PN, Ozoemena KI, Nyokong T (2006) Electrochim Acta 52:177–186
Retna–Raj C, Tokuda K (2001) Bioelectrochemistry 53:183–191
Mas–Torrent M, Crivillers N, Rovira C, Veciana J (2012) Chem Rev 112:2506–2527
Choi SJ, Choi BG, Park SM (2002) Anal Chem 74:1998–2002
Dionex. http://www.dionex.com. Accessed 15 Jul 2014
Chaki NK, Vijayamohanan K (2002) Biosens Bioelectron 17:1–12
Gooding JJ, Daewish N (2012) Chem Rec 12:92–105
Borgmann S, Schulte A, Neugebauer S, Schuhmann W (2011) Amperometric biosensors. In: Alkire RC, Kolb DM, Lipkowski J (eds) Advances in electrochemical science and engineering. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 1–83
Arya SK, Solanki PR, Datta M, Malhotra BD (2009) Biosens Bioelectron 24:2810–2817
Saha K, Agasti SS, Kim C, Li X, Rotello VM (2012) Chem Rev 112:2739–2779
Zhou Y, Chiu C-W, Liang H (2012) Sensors 12:15036–15062
Radi AE (2011) Int J Electrochem 863196 Samanta D, Sarkar A (2011) Chem Soc Rev 40: 2567–2592
Ronkainen NJ, Halsall HB, Heineman WR (2010) Chem Soc Rev 39:1747–1763
Debasis S, Sarkar A (2011) Chem Soc Rev 40:2567–2592
Ley C, Holtmann D, Mangold K-M, Schradera J (2011) Colloids Surf B 88:539–551
Cederquist KB, Keating CD (2009) ACS Nano 3:256–260
Zanardi C, Baldoli C, Licandro E, Terzi F, Seeber R (2012) J Nanopart Res 14:1148–1159
Benson DE, Conrad DW, de Lorimier RM, Trammell SA, Hellinga HW (2001) Science 293:1641
Yang W, Wang J, Zhao S, Sun Y, Sun C (2006) Electrochem Commun 8:665–672
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Seeber, R., Terzi, F., Zanardi, C. (2014). Monolayers. In: Functional Materials in Amperometric Sensing. Monographs in Electrochemistry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45103-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45103-8_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-45102-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-45103-8
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)