Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genomics, Proteomics, and Genetics of Leptospira

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Leptospira and Leptospirosis

Part of the book series: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology ((CT MICROBIOLOGY,volume 387))

Abstract

Recent advances in molecular genetics, such as the ability to construct defined mutants, have allowed the study of virulence factors and more generally the biology in Leptospira. However, pathogenic leptospires remain much less easily transformable than the saprophyte L. biflexa and further development and improvement of genetic tools are required. Here, we review tools that have been used to genetically manipulate Leptospira. We also describe the major advances achieved in both genomics and postgenomics technologies, including transcriptomics and proteomics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adler B, Lo M, Seemann T, Murray GL (2011) Pathogenesis of leptospirosis: the influence of genomics. Vet Microbiol 153:73–81

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aviat F, Slamti L, Cerqueira GM, Lourdault KMP (2010) Expanding the genetic toolbox for Leptospira species by generation of fluorescent bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:8135–8142

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ballard SA, Segers RP, Bleumink-Pluym N, Fyfe J, Faine S, Adler B (1993) Molecular analysis of the hsp (groE) operon of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. Mol Microbiol 8:739–751

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baril C, Herrmann JL, Richaud C, Margarita D, Girons IS (1992a) Scattering of the rRNA genes on the physical map of the circular chromosome of Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae. J Bacteriol 174:7566–7571

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baril C, Richaud C, Fournie E, Baranton G, Saint Girons I (1992b) Cloning of dapD, aroD and asd of Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae, and nucleotide sequence of the asd gene. J Gen Microbiol 138:47–53

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauby H, Saint Girons I, Picardeau M (2003) Construction and complementation of the first auxotrophic mutant in the spirochaete Leptospira meyeri. Microbiology 149:689–693

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beck M, Malmström JA, Lange V, Schmidt A, Deutsch EW, Aebersold R (2009) Visual proteomics of the human pathogen Leptospira interrogans. Nat Methods 6:817–823

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belfaiza J, Martel A, Margarita D, Saint Girons I (1998) Direct sulfhydrylation for methionine biosynthesis in Leptospira meyeri. J Bacteriol 180:250–255

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bourhy P, Saint Girons I (2000) Localization of the Leptospira interrogans metF gene on the CII secondary chromosome. FEMS Microbiol Lett 191:259–263

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bourhy P, Frangeul L, Couve E, Glaser P, Saint Girons I, Picardeau M (2005a) Complete nucleotide sequence of the LE1 prophage from the spirochete Leptospira biflexa and characterization of its replication and partition functions. J Bacteriol 187:3931–3940

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bourhy P, Louvel H, Saint Girons I, Picardeau M (2005b) Random insertional mutagenesis of Leptospira interrogans, the agent of leptospirosis, using a mariner transposon. J Bacteriol 187:3255–3258

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bourhy P, Salaün L, Lajus A, Médigue C, Boursaux-Eude C, Picardeau M (2007) A genomic island of the pathogen Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai can excise from its chromosome. Infect Immun 75:677–683

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boursaux-Eude C, Saint Girons I, Zuerner RL (1995) IS1500, an IS3-like element from Leptospira interrogans. Microbiology 141:2165–2173

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bulach DM, Zuerner RL, Wilson P, Seemann T, McGrath A, Cullen PA, Davis J, Johnson M, Kuczek E, Alt DP, Peterson-Burch B, Coppel RL, Rood JI, Davies JK, Adler B (2006) Genome reduction in Leptospira borgpetersenii reflects limited transmission potential. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:14560–14565

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caimano MJ, Sivasankaran SK, Allard A, Hurley D, Hokamp K, Grassmann AA, Hinton JC, Nally JE (2014) A model system for studying the transcriptomic and physiological changes associated with mammalian host-adaptation by Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni. PLoS Pathog 13,10(3):e1004004

    Google Scholar 

  • Cao XJ, Dai J, Xu H, Nie S, Chang X, Hu BY, Sheng QH, Wang LS, Ning ZB, Li YX, Guo XK, Zhao GP, Zeng R (2010) High-coverage proteome analysis reveals the first insight of protein modification systems in the pathogenic spirochete Leptospira interrogans. Cell Res 20:197–210

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cerqueira GM, Picardeau M (2009) A century of Leptospira strain typing. Infect Genet Evol 9:760–768

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cerqueira GM, Souza NM, Araújo ER, Barros AT, Morais ZM, Vasconcellos SA, Nascimento AL (2011) Development of transcriptional fusions to assess Leptospira interrogans promoter activity. PLoS ONE 6:e17409

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chou LF, Chen YT, Lu CW, Ko YC, Tang CY, Pan MJ, Tian YC, Chiu CH, Hung CC, Yang CW (2012) Sequence of Leptospira santarosai serovar Shermani genome and prediction of virulence-associated genes. Gene 11:364–370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Croda J, Figueira CP, Wunder EAJ, Santos CS, Reis MG, Ko AI, Picardeau M (2008) Targeted mutagenesis in pathogenic Leptospira: disruption of the ligB gene does not affect virulence in animal models of leptospirosis. Infect Immun 76:5826–5833

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cullen PA, Cordwell SJ, Bulach DM, Haake DA, Adler B (2002) Global analysis of outer membrane proteins from Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai. Infect Immun 70:2311–2318

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cuñé J, Cullen P, Mazon G, Campoy S, Adler B, Barbe J (2005) The Leptospira interrogans lexA gene is not autoregulated. J Bacteriol 187:5841–5845

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DelaPeña-Moctezuma A, Bulach DM, Kalambaheti T, Adler B (2001) Genetic differences among the LPS biosynthetic loci of serovars of Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira borgpetersenii. FEMS Immunol Med 31:73–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eshghi A, Cullen PA, Cowen L, Zuerner RL, Cameron CE (2009) Global proteome analysis of Leptospira interrogans. J Proteome Res 8:4564–4578

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eshghi A, Lourdault K, Murray GL, Bartpho T, Sermswan RW, Picardeau M, Adler B, Snarr B, Zuerner RL, Cameron CE (2012a) Leptospira interrogans catalase is required for resistance to H2O2 and for virulence. Infect Imm 80(11):3892-3899

    Google Scholar 

  • Eshghi A, Pinne M, Haake DA, Zuerner RL, Frank A, Cameron CE (2012b) Methylation and in vivo expression of the surface-exposed Leptospira interrogans outer-membrane protein OmpL32. Microbiology 158:622–635

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Falkow S (1988) Molecular Koch’s postulates applied to microbial pathogenicity. Rev Infect Dis 10:274–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Figueira CP, Croda J, Choy HA, Haake DA, Reis MG, Ko AI, Picardeau M (2011) Heterologous expression of pathogen-specific genes ligA and ligB in the saprophyte Leptospira biflexa confers enhanced adhesion to cultured cells and fibronectin. BMC Microbiol 11:129

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser CM, Casjens S, Huang WM, Sutton GG, Clayton R, Lathigra R, White O, Ketchum KA, Dodson R, Hickey EK, Gwinn M, Dougherty B, Tomb JF, Fleischmann RD, Richardson D, Peterson J, Kerlavage AR, Quackenbush J, Salzberg S, Hanson M, Vanvugt R, Palmer N, Adams MD, Gocayne J, Weidman J et al (1997) Genomic sequence of a lyme disease spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi. Nature 390:580–586

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser CM, Norris SJ, Weinstock CM, White O, Sutton GG, Dodson R, Gwinn M, Hickey EK, Clayton R, Ketchum KA, Sodergren E, Hardham JM, McLeod MP, Salzberg S, Peterson J, Khalak H, Richardson D, Howell JK, Chidambaram M, Utterback T, McDonald L, Artiach P, Bowman C, Cotton MD, Fujii C et al (1998) Complete genome sequence of Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete. Science 281:375–388

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fukunaga M, Horie I, Mifuchi I (1989) Nucleotide sequence of a 23S ribosomal RNA gene from Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain Moulton. Nucleic Acids Res 17:2123

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haake DA, Martinich C, Summers TA, Shang ES, Pruetz JD, McCoy AM, Mazel MK, Bolin CA (1998) Characterization of Leptospiral outer membrane lipoprotein LipL36: downregulation associated with late-log-phase growth and mammalian infection. Infect Immun 66:1579–1587

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haake DA, Matsunaga J (2010) Leptospira: a spirochaete with a hybrid outer membrane. Mol Microbiol 77:805-814

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardham JM, Rosey EL (2000) Antibiotic selective markers and spirochete genetics. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2:425–432

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison PW, Lower RP, Kim NK, Young JP (2010) Introducing the bacterial chromid: not a chromosome, not a plasmid. Trends Microbiol 18:141–148

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • He P, Sheng YY, Shi YZ, Jiang XG, Qin JH, Zhang ZM, Zhao GP, Guo XK (2007) Genetic diversity among major endemic strains of Leptospira interrogans in China. BMC Genom 8:204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Henry R, Lo M, Khoo C, Zhang H, Boysen RI, Picardeau M, Murray GL, Bulach DM, Adler B (2013) Iron precipitation on the surface of Leptospira interrogans is associated with mutation of the stress-response metalloprotease HtpX. Appl Environ Microbiol 79:4653–4660

    Google Scholar 

  • Kassegne K, Hu W, Ojcius DM, Sun D, Ge Y, Zhao J, Yang XF, Li L, Yan J (2014) Identification of collagenase as a critical virulence factor for invasiveness and transmission of pathogenic Leptospira species. J Infect Dis 209:1105–1115

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • King AM, Bartpho T, Sermswan RW, Bulach DM, Eshghi A, Picardeau M, Adler B, Murray GL (2013) Leptospiral outer membrane protein LipL41 is not essential for acute leptospirosis, but requires a small chaperone, Lep, for stable expression. Infect Immun 81:2768–2776

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • King AM, Pretre G, Bartpho T, Sermswan RW, Toma C, Suzuki T, Eshghi A, Picardeau M, Adler B, Murray GL (2014) High temperature protein G (HtpG) is an essential virulence factor of Leptospira interrogans. Infect Immun 82:1123–1131

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ko AI, Galvao Reis M, Ribeiro Dourado CM, Johnson WD Jr, Riley LW (1999) Urban epidemic of severe leptospirosis in Brazil. Salvador Leptospirosis Study Group Lancet 354:820–825

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lambert A, Picardeau M, Haake DA, Sermswan RW, Srikram A, Adler B, Murray GA (2012) FlaA proteins in Leptospira interrogans are essential for motility and virulence but are not required for formation of the flagellum sheath. Infect Immun 80:2019–2025

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liao S, Sun A, Ojcius DM, Wu S, Zhao J, Yan J (2009) Inactivation of the fliY gene encoding a flagellar motor switch protein attenuates mobility and virulence of Leptospira interrogans strain Lai. BMC Microbiol 9:253

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lo M, Bulach DM, Powell DR, Haake DA, Matsunaga J, Paustian ML, Zuerner RL, Adler B (2006) Effects of temperature on gene expression patterns in Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai as assessed by whole-genome microarrays. Infect Immun 74:848–859

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lo M, Cordwell SJ, Bulach DM, Adler B (2009) Comparative transcriptional and translational analysis of leptospiral outer membrane protein expression in response to temperature. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3:560

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lo M, Murray GL, Khoo CA, Haake DA, Zuerner RL, Adler B (2010) Transcriptional response of Leptospira interrogans to iron limitation and characterization of a PerR homolog. Infect Immun 78:4850–4859

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lourdault K, Cerqueira GM, Wunder EAMP (2011) Inactivation of clpB in the pathogen Leptospira interrogans reduces virulence and resistance to stress conditions. Infect Immun 79:3711–3717

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Louvel H, Saint Girons I, Picardeau M (2005) Isolation and characterization of FecA- and FeoB- mediated iron acquisition systems of the spirochete Leptospira biflexa by random insertional mutagenesis. J Bacteriol 187:3249–3254

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Louvel H, Bommezzadri S, Zidane N, Boursaux-Eude C, Creno S, Magnier A, Rouy Z, Medigue C, Girons IS, Bouchier C, Picardeau M (2006) Comparative and functional genomic analyses of iron transport and regulation in Leptospira spp. J Bacteriol 188:7893–7904

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Louvel H, Picardeau M (2007) Genetic manipulation of Leptospira biflexa. Wiley, Hoboken

    Google Scholar 

  • Louvel H, Betton JM, Picardeau M (2008) Heme rescues a two-component system Leptospira biflexa mutant. BMC Microbiol 8:25

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malmström J, Beck M, Schmidt A, Lange V, Deutsch EW, Aebersold R (2009) Proteome-wide cellular protein concentrations of the human pathogen Leptospira interrogans. Nature 460:762–765

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsui M, Soupé ME, Becam J, Goarant C (2012) Differential in vivo gene expression of major Leptospira proteins in resistant or susceptible animal models. Appl Environ Microbiol 78:6372–6376

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsunaga J, Sanchez Y, Xu X, Haake DA (2005) Osmolarity, a key environmental signal controlling expression of Leptospiral proteins LigA and LigB and the extracellular release of LigA. Infect Immun 73:70–78

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsunaga J, Schlax PJ, Haake DA (2013) Role for cis-acting RNA sequences in the temperature-dependent expression of the multiadhesive lig proteins in Leptospira interrogans. J Bacteriol 195:5092–5101

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsunaga J, Lo M, Bulach DM, Zuerner RL, Adler B, Haake DA (2007) Response of Leptospira interrogans to physiologic osmolarity: relevance in signaling the environment-to-host transition. Infect Immun 75:2864–2874

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsunaga J, Coutinho ML (2012) Positive regulation of Leptospira interrogans kdp expression by KdpE as demonstrated with a novel β-galactosidase reporter in Leptospira biflexa. Appl Environ Microbiol 78:5699–5707

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Monahan AM, Callanan JJ, Nally JE (2008) Proteomic analysis of Leptospira interrogans shed in urine of chronically infected hosts. Infect Immun 76:4952–4958

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Morero NR, Botti H, Nitta KR, Carrión F, Obal G, Picardeau M, Buschiazzo A (2014) HemR is an OmpR/PhoB-like response regulator from Leptospira, which simultaneously effects transcriptional activation and repression of key haem metabolism genes. Mol Microbiol. doi:10.1111/mmi.12763

  • Murray GL, Ellis KM, Lo M, Adler B (2008) Leptospira interrogans requires a functional heme oxygenase to scavenge iron from hemoglobin. Microbes Infect 10:791–797

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murray GL, Morel V, Cerqueira GM, Croda J, Srikram A, Henry R, Ko AI, Dellagostin OA, Bulach DM, Sermswan R, Adler B, Picardeau M (2009a) Genome-wide transposon mutagenesis in pathogenic Leptospira spp. Infect Immun 77:810–816

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murray GL, Srikram A, Henry R, Puapairoj A, Sermswan RW, Adler B (2009b) Leptospira interrogans requires heme oxygenase for disease pathogenesis. Microbes Infect 11:311–314

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murray GL, Srikram A, Hoke DE, Wunder EAJ, Henry R, Lo M, Zhang K, Sermswan RW, Ko AI, Adler B (2009c) The major surface protein LipL32 is not required for either acute or chronic infection with Leptospira interrogans. Infect Immun 77:952–958

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murray GL, King AM, Srikram A, Sermswan RW, Adler B (2010a) Use of luminescent Leptospira interrogans for enumeration in biological assays. J Clin Microbiol 48:2037–2042

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murray GL, Srikram A, Henry R, Hartskeerl RA, Sermswan RW, Adler B (2010b) Mutations affecting Leptospira interrogans lipopolysaccharide attenuate virulence. Mol Microbiol 78:701–709

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nally JE, Artiushin S, Timoney JF (2001) Molecular characterization of thermoinduced immunogenic proteins Q1p42 and Hsp15 of Leptospira interrogans. Infect Immun 69:7616–7624

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nally JE, Chow E, Fishbein MC, Blanco DR, Lovett MA (2005a) Changes in lipopolysaccharide O antigen distinguish acute versus chronic Leptospira interrogans infections. Infect Immun 73:3251–3260

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nally JE, Whitelegge JP, Aguilera R, Pereira MM, Blanco DR, Lovett MA (2005b) Purification and proteomic analysis of outer membrane vesicles from a clinical isolate of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni. Proteomics 5:144–152

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nally JE, Whitelegge JP, Bassilian S, Blanco DR, Lovett MA (2007) Characterization of the outer membrane proteome of Leptospira interrogans expressed during acute lethal infection. Infect Immun 75:766–773

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nascimento AL, Ko AI, Martins EA, Monteiro-Vitorello CB, Ho PL, Haake DA, Verjovski-Almeida S, Hartskeerl RA, Marques MV, Oliveira MC, Menck CF, Leite LC, Carrer H, Coutinho LL, Degrave WM, Dellagostin OA, El-Dorry H, Ferro ES, Ferro MI, Furlan LR, Gamberini M, Giglioti EA, Goes-Neto A, Goldman GH, Goldman MH, Harakava R, Jeronimo SM, Junqueira-de-Azevedo IL, Kimura ET, Kuramae EE, Lemos EG, Lemos MV, Marino CL, Nunes LR, de Oliveira RC, Pereira GG, Reis MS, Schriefer A, Siqueira WJ, Sommer P, Tsai SM, Simpson AJ, Ferro JA, Camargo LE, Kitajima JP, Setubal JC, Van Sluys MA (2004) Comparative genomics of two Leptospira interrogans serovars reveals novel insights into physiology and pathogenesis. J Bacteriol 186:2164–2172

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patarakul K, Lo M, Adler B (2010) Global transcriptomic response of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni upon exposure to serum. BMC Microbiol 10:31

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Picardeau M, Brenot A, Saint Girons I (2001) First evidence for gene replacement in Leptospira spp. Inactivation of L. biflexa flaB results in non-motile mutants deficient in endoflagella. Mol Microbiol 40:189–199

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Picardeau M (2008) Conjugative transfer between Escherichia coli and Leptospira spp. as a new genetic tool. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:319–322

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Picardeau M, Bulach DM, Bouchier C, Zuerner RL, Zidane N, Wilson PJ, Creno S, Kuczek ES, Bommezzadri S, Davis JC, McGrath A, Johnson MJ, Boursaux-Eude C, Seemann T, Rouy Z, Coppel RL, Rood JI, Lajus A, Davies JK, Médigue C, Adler B (2008) Genome sequence of the saprophyte Leptospira biflexa provides insights into the evolution of Leptospira and the pathogenesis of leptospirosis. PLoS ONE 3:1607

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinne M, Haake DA (2009) A comprehensive approach to identification of surface-exposed, outer membrane-spanning proteins of Leptospira interrogans. PLoS ONE 4:6071

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinne M, Haake DA (2013) LipL32 is a subsurface lipoprotein of Leptospira interrogans: presentation of new data and reevaluation of previous studies. PLoS ONE 8:51025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poggi D, Oliveirade Giuseppe P, Picardeau M (2010) Antibiotic resistance markers for genetic manipulations of Leptospira spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 76:4882–4885

    Google Scholar 

  • Qin JH, Sheng YY, Zhang ZM, Shi YZ, He P, Hu BY, Yang Y, Liu SG, Zhao GP, Guo XK (2006) Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of temperature shift in L. interrogans serovar lai strain 5660. BMC Microbiol 6:51

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Qin JH, Zhang Q, Zhang ZM, Zhong Y, Yang Y, Hu BY, Zhao GP, Guo XK (2008) Identification of a novel prophage-like gene cluster actively expressed in both virulent and avirulent strains of Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai. Infect Immun 76:2411–2419

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ren S, Fu G, Jiang X, Zeng R, Xiong H, Lu G, Jiang HQ, Miao Y, Xu H, Zhang Y, Guo X, Shen Y, Qiang BQ, Danchin A, Saint Girons I, Somerville RL, Weng YM, Shi M, Chen Z, Xu JG, Zhao GP (2003) Unique and physiological and pathogenic features of Leptospira interrogans revealed by whole genome sequencing. Nature 422:888–893

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricaldi JN, Fouts DE, Selengut JD, Harkins DM, Moreno A, Lehmann JS, Purushe J, Sanka R, Torres M, Webster NJ, Vinetz JM, Matthias MA (2012a) Whole genome analysis of Leptospira licerasiae provides insight into Leptospiral evolution and pathogenicity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6:1853

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ricaldi JN, Matthias MA, Vinetz JM, Lewis AL (2012b) Expression of sialic acids and other nonulosonic acids in Leptospira. BMC Microbiol 12:161

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richaud C, Margarita D, Baranton G, Saint Girons I (1990) Cloning of genes required for amino acid biosynthesis from Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae. J Gen Microbiol 136:651–656

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ristow P, Bourhy P, da Cruz McBride FW, Figueira CP, Huerre M, Ave P, Girons IS, Ko AI, Picardeau M (2007) The OmpA-like protein Loa22 is essential for Leptospiral virulence. PLoS Pathog 3:97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saint Girons I, Margarita D, Amouriaux P, Baranton G (1990) First isolation of bacteriophages for a spirochaete: potential genetic tools for Leptospira. Res Microbiol 141:1131–1138

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saint Girons I, Norris SJ, Gobel U, Meyer J, Walker EM, Zuerner R (1992) Genome structure of spirochetes. Res Microbiol 143:615–621

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saint Girons I, Bourhy P, Ottone C, Picardeau M, Yelton D, Hendrix RW, Glaser P, Charon N (2000) The LE1 bacteriophage replicates as a plasmid within Leptospira biflexa: construction of an L. biflexa-Escherichia coli shuttle vector. J Bacteriol 182:5700–5705

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seshadri R, Myers GS, Tettelin H, Eisen JA, Heidelberg JF, Dodson RJ, Davidsen TM, DeBoy RT, Fouts DE, Haft DH, Selengut J, Ren Q, Brinkac LM, Madupu R, Kolonay J, Durkin SA, Daugherty SC, Shetty J, Shvartsbeyn A, Gebregeorgis E, Geer K, Tsegaye G, Malek J, Ayodeji B, Shatsman S, McLeod MP, Smajs D, Howell JK, Pal S, Amin A, Vashisth P, McNeill TZ, Xiang Q, Sodergren E, Baca E, Weinstock GM, Norris SJ, Fraser CM, Paulsen IT (2004) Comparison of the genome of the oral pathogen Treponema denticola with other spirochete genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:5646–5651

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Slamti L, de Pedro MA, Guichet E, Picardeau M (2011) Deciphering morphological determinants of the helix-shaped Leptospira. J Bacteriol 193:6266–6275

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stamm LV, Parrish EA, Gherardini FC (1991) Cloning of the recA gene from a free-living leptospire and distribution of RecA-like protein among spirochetes. Appl Environ Microbiol 57:183–189

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich LE, Zhulin IB (2010) The MiST2 database: a comprehensive genomics resource on microbial signal transduction. Nucleic Acids Res 38:401–407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xue F, Dong H, Wu J, Wu Z, Hu W, Sun A, Troxell B, Yang XF, Yan J (2010) Transcriptional responses of Leptospira interrogans to host innate immunity: significant changes in metabolism, oxygen tolerance, and outer membrane. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4(10):e857

    Google Scholar 

  • Yelton DB, Cohen RA (1986) Analysis of cloned DNA from Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc which complements a deletion of the Escherichia coli trpE gene. J Bacteriol 165:41–46

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang C, Wang H, Yan J (2012a) Leptospirosis prevalence in Chinese populations in the last two decades. Microbes Infect 14:317–323

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang K, Murray GL, Seemann T, Srikram A, Bartpho T, Sermswan RW, Adler B, Hoke DE (2013). Leptospiral LruA is required for virulence and modulates an interaction with mammalian Apolipoprotein A-I. Infect Imm 8:3872–3879

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Zhang C, Ojcius DM, Sun D, Zhao J, Lin X, Li L, Li L, Yan J (2012b) The mammalian cell entry (Mce) protein of pathogenic Leptospira species is responsible for RGD motif-dependent infection of cells and animals. Mol Microbiol 83:1006–1023

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong Y, Chang X, Cao XJ, Zhang Y, Zheng H, Zhu YZ, Cai C, Cui Z, Zhang Y, Li YY, Jiang XG, Zhao GP, Wang S, Li Y, Zeng R, Li X, Guo XK (2011) Comparative proteogenomic analysis of the Leptospira interrogans virulence-attenuated strain IPAV against the pathogenic strain 56601. Cell Res 21:1210–1229

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zuerner RL (1991) Physical mapping of chromosomal and plasmid DNA comprising the genome of Leptospira interrogans. Nucleic Acids Res 19:4857–4860

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zuerner RL, Herrmann JL, Saint Girons I (1993) Comparison of genetic maps for two Leptospira interrogans serovars provides evidence for two chromosomes and intraspecies heterogeneity. J Bacteriol 175:5445–5451

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zuerner RL (1994) Nucleotide sequence analysis of IS1533 from Leptospira borgpetersenii: identification and expression of two IS-encoded proteins. Plasmid 31:1–11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zuerner RL, Huang WM (2002) Analysis of a Leptospira interrogans locus containing DNA replication genes and a new IS, IS1502. FEMS Microbiol Lett 215:175–182

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Original work in the author’s laboratory was supported by Institut Pasteur and Agence Nationale de la Recherche (05-JCJC-0105 and 08-MIE-018).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. “Biology of Spirochetes” Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 Rue Du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France

    Mathieu Picardeau

Authors
  1. Mathieu Picardeau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mathieu Picardeau .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

    Ben Adler

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Picardeau, M. (2015). Genomics, Proteomics, and Genetics of Leptospira . In: Adler, B. (eds) Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, vol 387. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45059-8_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation