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Quantitative Characterization of Lunar Mare Orientale Basalts Detected by Moon Mineralogical Mapper on Chandrayaan-1

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Planetary Exploration and Science: Recent Results and Advances

Part of the book series: Springer Geophysics ((SPRINGERGEOPHYS))

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Abstract

Efficient lunar resource utilization requires accurate and quantitative evaluation of mineral and glass abundances, distribution, and extraction feasibility, especially for ilmenite (TiO2). The modal analyses have performed on lunar basaltic terrains using hyperspectral remote sensing data along with ground truth chemistry and mineralogy. The main aim of the present work is to characterize the lunar Mare Orientale basalts based on TiO2 content and quantify the lunar surface minerals, including clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine. The Orientale basin is one of the youngest impact multi-ringed basins on the Moon covering 930 km in diameter centered at 20°S 95°W. The morphological features in the Orientale basin have developed interest among geoscientist to explore further study on this region. Based on the Apollo orbital, geochemical, and Earth-based spectral data, it is concluded that the Orientale ejecta are uniformly feldspathic in composition, almost pure anorthosite with no evidence of ultramafic components (Hawke, Geophys Res Lett 18(11):2141–2144, 1991). Greeley et al. (Geophys Res 98:17183–17205, 1993) have conferred the Orientale basin bearing the low-Ti basalts by using Galileo images. In this study, parts of basaltic regions of Mare Orientale, Lacus Veris, and Lacus Autumni of the Orientale basin are investigated using Moon Mineralogical Mapper (M3) data of onboard Chandrayaan-1 orbiter. Lucey’s (1998) TiO2 estimation method and spectral profiles and spectral unmixing techniques have been used to detect and map the minerals, including plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxenes, olivine, and various basalts such as low-, medium-, and high-Ti basalts. The Orientale data were acquired by M3’s reduced resolution mode with 20–40 nm spectral resolution and 140 m/pixel across the 40 km field of view. The RELAB mineral spectra of plagioclase, clino/orthopyroxenes, olivine and various basaltic spectra, chemistry and mineralogy have been employed to unmixing analysis. Comparing the spectral profiles of the basaltic regions with the RELAB basaltic spectra, the distribution and nature of TiO2 basalts in the Orientale basaltic regions have been analyzed in quantitative manner in the present research.

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Acknowledgement

The author acknowledges PLANEX, Physical Research Laboratory (ISRO), Ahmedabad, and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, for Postdoctoral Research Fellowship. Moreover, the author thanks the anonymous reviewer’s critical review which helps to improve the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Periyar University, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India

    S. Arivazhagan

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, KSR College of Engineering, Tiruchengode, 637215, Tamil Nadu, India

    S. Arivazhagan

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  1. S. Arivazhagan
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Correspondence to S. Arivazhagan .

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  1. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

    Shuanggen Jin

  2. University of Hawaii-Manoa NASA Astrobiology Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

    Nader Haghighipour

  3. National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

    Wing-Huen Ip

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Arivazhagan, S. (2015). Quantitative Characterization of Lunar Mare Orientale Basalts Detected by Moon Mineralogical Mapper on Chandrayaan-1. In: Jin, S., Haghighipour, N., Ip, WH. (eds) Planetary Exploration and Science: Recent Results and Advances. Springer Geophysics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45052-9_2

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