Abstract
In the literature hypoactive sexual desire is the most frequently studied entity in the male sexual desire domain. In this chapter it is extensively discussed. Moreover, some facets of male hyperactive sexual desire are discussed.
Hypoactive sexual desire is associated with multiple biological and psychological causes
Sexual desire is easily disturbed. Uncomplicated experience of sexual desire appears to demand that all physical and psychological systems involved function optimally. The fact that decreased sexual desire is a ‘final common pathway’ of a diverse range of causes has not contributed to stimulation of scientific research into these factors.
The number of properly controlled studies into pharmacological treatment of men with decreased sexual desire is very limited. There are no studies with control groups in the current literature on the psychological treatment of the problems men with hypoactive sexual desire suffer from. Cognitive behavioural therapy is possibly an effective approach; however, this observation has only been done in one single study in women.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The term hypogonadism is used when the measured T levels are below 8 nmol/l.
- 2.
MetS comprises a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, such as type II diabetes mellitus, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia and high blood pressure (AHA/NHLBI/ADA Conference Proceedings 2004). The mass of abdominal fat is the basis for the MetS. Abdominal fat performs endocrine activity: it converts the circulating T into the sex hormone estradiol (Diaz-Arjonilla et al. 2009). Furthermore, it excretes substances that cause a chronic inflammatory reaction in the vessel wall (atherosclerosis) (Matarese et al. 2007).
- 3.
Klinefelter’s syndrome is a genetic condition in males in which the cells contain at least one extra X chromosome. The syndrome has multiple variations, of which the least complex is the 47, XXY karyotype, in which there are 47 chromosomes per cell of which XXY are the sex chromosomes. Therefore, this variation is also known as the XXY syndrome. The Klinefelter variations 48, XXXY and 49, XXXXY with even more extra X chromosomes have similar clinical presentations. The syndrome was first described by Harry Klinefelter in 1942. It occurs in 1 in 500 to 1,000 male births.
- 4.
Kallmann syndrome starts before birth when a part of the brain that is used for olfaction is not formed. Because of this there also is no connection in the part of the brain between hypothalamus and pituitary. Consequentially the pituitary cannot receive any signals from the hypothalamus and therefore no LH and FSH are secreted. The consequence of the lack of LH secretion is that there is no production of sex hormones so that puberty does not commence. In addition, it causes infertility. The disorder occurs in 1 in 10,000 males and in approximately 1 in 70,000 females.
References
Annon JS (1974) The behavioral treatment of sexual problems, vol 1, Brief therapy. Enabling Systems, Honolulu
American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Ed. text rev.) Washington; DC: Author
Bancroft J (2005) The endocrinology of sexual arousal. J Endocrinol 186(3):411–427
Bancroft J, Janssen E, Strong D, Carnes L, Vukadinovic Z, Long JS (2003a) The relation between mood and sexuality in heterosexual men. Arch Sex Behav 32(3):217–230
Bancroft J, Janssen E, Strong D, Carnes L, Vukadinovic Z, Long JS (2003b) Sexual risk-taking in gay men: the relevance of sexual arousability, mood, and sensation seeking. Arch Sex Behav 32(6):555–572
Bancroft J, Janssen E, Strong D, Vukadinovic Z (2003c) The relation between mood and sexuality in gay men. Arch Sex Behav 32(3):231–242
Bancroft J, Janssen E, Carnes L, Goodrich D, Strong D, Long JS (2004) Sexual activity and risk taking in young heterosexual men: the relevance of sexual arousability, mood, and sensation seeking. J Sex Res 41(2):181–192
Barrett-Connor E, Bhasin S (2004) Time for (more research on) testosterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89(2):501–502
Basson R (2002) Are our definitions of women’s desire, arousal and sexual pain disorders too broad and our definition of orgasmic disorder too narrow? J Sex Marital Ther 28:289–300
Baulieu EE (1997) Neurosteroids: of the nervous system, by the nervous system, for the nervous system. In: Conn PM (ed) Recent Prog Horm Res 52:1–52
Beach FA (1956) Characteristics of masculine “sex drive”. In: Jones MR (ed) Nebraska Symposium on motivation, vol 4. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, pp 1–31
Beck JG, Bozman AW (1995) Gender differences in sexual desire: the effects of anger and anxiety. Arch Sex Behav 24(6):595–612
Bernardo A (2001) Sexuality in patients with coronary disease and heart failure. Herz 26(5):353–359
Bovée B, Lagro-Janssen T, Vergeer M (2004) Seksuele problemen en hulpvraaggedrag bij diabetici, hypertensieven en patiënten met chronische obstructieve longziekten in een huisartspraktijk. Tijdschrift voor Seksuologie 28:134–139
Bozman AW, Beck JG (1991) Covariation of sexual desire and sexual arousal: the effects of anger and anxiety. Arch Sex Behav 20(1):47–60
Caminiti G, Volterrani M, Iellamo F, Marazzi G, Massaro R, Miceli M et al (2009) Effect of long-acting testosterone treatment on functional exercise capacity, skeletal muscle performance, insulin resistance, and baroreflex sensitivity in elderly patients with chronic heart failure a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. J Am Coll Cardiol 54(10):919–927
Carani C, Bancroft J, Granata A, Del Rio G, Facchinetti F, Marrama P (1990) The endocrine effects of visual erotic stimuli in normal men. Psychoneuroendocrinology 15:207–216
Coffey DS (1988) Androgen action and the sex accessory tissues. In: Knobil E, Neill J (eds) The physiologuy of reproduction. Raven, New York, pp 1081–1119
Coleman CC, King BR, Bolden-Watson C, Book MJ, Segraves RT, Richard N et al (2001) A placebo-controlled comparison of the effects on sexual functioning of bupropion sustained release and fluoxetine. Clin Ther 23(7):1040–1058
Corona G, Mannucci E, Schulman C, Petrone L, Mansani R, Cilotti A et al (2006) Psychobiologic correlates of the metabolic syndrome and associated sexual dysfunction. Eur Urol 50(3):595–604; discussion 604
Davidson JM, Chen JJ, Crapo L, Gray GD, Greenleaf WJ, Catania JA (1983) Hormonal changes and sexual function in aging men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 57:71–77
Depenbusch M, von Eckardstein S, Simoni M, Nieschlag E (2002) Maintenance of spermatogenesis in hypogonadotropic hypogonadal men with human chorionic gonadotropin alone. Eur J Endocrinol 147(5):617–624
Dhindsa S, Prabhakar S, Sethi M, Bandyopadhyay A, Chaudhuri A, Dandona P (2004) Frequent occurrence of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89(11):5462–5468
Diaz-Arjonilla M, Schwarcz M, Swerdloff RS, Wang C (2009) Obesity, low testosterone levels and erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 21(2):89–98
Diemont WL, Vruggink PA, Meuleman EJ, Doesburg WH, Lemmens WA, Berden JH (2000) Sexual dysfunction after renal replacement therapy. Am J Kidney Dis 35(5):845–851
Dove LM, Rosen RC, Ramcharran D, Wahed AS, Belle SH, Brown RS et al (2009) Decline in male sexual desire, function, and satisfaction during and after antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 137(3):873–884
Duits A, van Oirschot N, van Oostenbrugge RJ, van Lankveld JJDM (2009) The relevance of sexual responsiveness to sexual function in male stroke patients. J Sex Med 6(12):3320–3326
Everitt BJ (1990) Sexual motivation: a neural and behavioural analysis of the mechanisms underlying appetitive and copulatory responses of male rats. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 14(2):217–232
Everitt BJ (1995) Neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying appetitive and consummatory elements of masculine sexual behaviour. In: Bancroft J (ed) The pharmacology of sexual function and dysfunction. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, pp 15–31
Finn SE, Bailey JM, Schultz RT, Faber R (1990) Subjective utility ratings of neuroleptics in treating schizophrenia. Psychol Med 20(4):843–848
Gehring D (2003) Couple therapy for low sexual desire: a systemic approach. J Sex Marital Ther 29(1):25–38
Gooren LJG (2001) Visceral obesity, androgens and the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Aging Male 4:30–38
Gralla O, Knoll N, Fenske S, Spivak I, Hoffmann M, Ronnebeck C et al (2008) Worry, desire, and sexual satisfaction and their association with severity of ED and age. J Sex Med 5(11):2646–2655
Gray A, Feldman HA, McKinlay JB, Longcope C (1991) Age, disease, and changing sex hormone levels in middle-aged men: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73(5):1016–1025
Guay A, Jacobson J (2007) The relationship between testosterone levels, the metabolic syndrome (by two criteria), and insulin resistance in a population of men with organic erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 4(4 Pt 1):1046–1055
Hamann S, Herman RA, Nolan CL, Wallen K (2004) Men and women differ in amygdala response to visual sexual stimuli. Nat Neurosci 7(4):411–416
Hawton K, Catalan J, Fagg J (1991) Low sexual desire: sex therapy results and prognostic factors. Behav Res Ther 29(3):217–224
Hayman LA, Rexer JL, Pavol MA, Strite D, Meyers CA (1998) Kluver-Bucy syndrome after bilateral selective damage of amygdala and its cortical connections. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 10(3):354–358
Hindmarch I (1998) The behavioural toxicity of antidepressants: effects on cognition and sexual function. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 13(Suppl 6):S5–S8
Isidori AM, Giannetta E, Gianfrilli D, Greco EA, Bonifacio V, Aversa A, Isidori A, Fabbri A, Lenzi A (2005) Effects of testosterone on sexual function in men: results of a meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 63(4):381–394, Review
Janssen E, Everaerd W, Spiering M, Janssen J (2000) Automatic processes and the appraisal of sexual stimuli: toward an information processing model of sexual arousal. J Sex Res 37(1):8–23
Jimenez-Jimenez FJ, Sayed Y, Garcia-Soldevilla MA, Barcenilla B (2002) Possible zoophilia associated with dopaminergic therapy in Parkinson disease. Ann Pharmacother 36(7–8):1178–1179
Joshi D, van Schoor NM, de Ronde W, Schaap LA, Comijs HC, Beekman AT, Lips P (2010) Low free testosterone levels are associated with prevalence and incidence of depressive Symptoms in older men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 72(2):232–240
Kaplan HS (1977) Hypoactive sexual desire. J Sex Marital Ther 3(1):3–9
Kaplan HS (1979) Disorders of sexual desire. Brunner/Mazel, New York
Kapoor D, Malkin CJ, Channer KS, Jones TH (2005) Androgens, insulin resistance and vascular disease in men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 63(3):239–250
Kaufman JM, Vermeulen A (2005) The decline of androgen levels in elderly men and its clinical and therapeutic implications. Endocr Rev 26(6):833–876
Kedde H, Vroege JA, Vanwesenbeeck I, Bartelds A (2005) De incidentie van seksuele problemen in de huisartsenpraktijk – gegevens uit de Continue Morbiditeits Registratie Peilstations Nederland. Tijdschrift voor Seksuologie 29:143–149
Kennedy SH, Dickens SE, Eisfeld BS, Bagby RM (1999) Sexual dysfunction before antidepressant therapy in major depression. J Affect Disord 56(2–3):201–208
King BE, Allgeier ER (2000) The Sexual Desire Inventory as a measure of sexual motivation in college students. Psychol Rep 86(1):347–350
Knegtering H, van der Moolen AE, Castelein S, Kluiter H, van den Bosch RJ (2003) What are the effects of antipsychotics on sexual dysfunctions and endocrine functioning? Psychoneuroendocrinology 28(Suppl 2):109–123
Knegtering H, Bruggeman R, Castelein S, Wiersma D (2007) Antipsychotics and sexual functioning in persons with psychoses. Tijdschr Psychiatr 49(10):733–742
Knegtering H, van den Bosch R, Castelein S, Bruggeman R, Sytema S, van Os J (2008) Are sexual side effects of prolactin-raising antipsychotics reducible to serum prolactin? Psychoneuroendocrinology 33(6):711–717
Kockott G, Pfeiffer W (1996) Sexual disorders in nonacute psychiatric outpatients. Compr Psychiatry 37(1):56–61
Lallemand F, Salhi Y, Linard F, Giami A, Rozenbaum W (2002) Sexual dysfunction in 156 ambulatory HIV-infected men receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy combinations with and without protease inhibitors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 30(2):187–190
Legros JJ, Meuleman EJ, Elbers JM, Geurts TB, Kaspers MJ, Bouloux PM (2009) Oral testosterone replacement in symptomatic late-onset hypogonadism: effects on rating scales and general safety in a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Endocrinol 160(5):821–831
Lief HI (1977) Inhibited sexual desire. Med Aspects Human Sexuality 7:94–95
Liu PY, Swerdloff RS, Veldhuis JD (2004) Clinical review 171: the rationale, efficacy and safety of androgen therapy in older men: future research and current practice recommendations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89(10):4789–4796
Mangweth B, Pope HG Jr, Kemmler G, Ebenbichler C, Hausmann A, De Col C et al (2001) Body image and psychopathology in male bodybuilders. Psychother Psychosom 70(1):38–43
Masters WH, Johnson VE (1966) Human sexual response. Little, Brown & Co., Boston
Matarese G, Mantzoros C, La Cava A (2007) Leptin and adipocytokines: bridging the gap between immunity and atherosclerosis. Curr Pharm Des 13(36):3676–3680
McCarthy B, McDonald D (2009) Assessment, treatment, and relapse prevention: male hypoactive sexual desire disorder. J Sex Marital Ther 35(1):58–67
Meston CM, Buss DM (2007) Why humans have sex. Arch Sex Behav 36(4):477–507
Meuleman EJ, van Lankveld JJDM (2005) Hypoactive sexual desire disorder: an underestimated condition in men. BJU Int 95(3):291–296
Mommers E, Kersemaekers WM, Elliesen J, Kepers M, Apter D, Behre HM, Beynon J, Bouloux PM, Costantino A, Gerbershagen HP, Grønlund L, Heger-Mahn D, Huhtaniemi I, Koldewijn EL, Lange C, Lindenberg S, Meriggiola MC, Meuleman E, Mulders PF, Nieschlag E, Perheentupa A, Solomon A, Väisälä L, Wu FC, Zitzmann M (2008) Male hormonal contraception: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93(7):2572–2580
Monga TN, Monga M, Raina MS, Hardjasudarma M (1986) Hypersexuality in stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 67(6):415–417
Mooradian AD, Morley JE, Korenman SG (1987) Biological actions of androgens. Endocr Rev 8:1–27
Morales A, Lunenfeld B (2002) International Society for the Study of the Aging Male. Investigation, treatment and monitoring of late-onset hypogonadism in males. Official recommendations of ISSAM. International Society for the Study of theAging Male. Aging Male 5(2):74–86
Morales A, Schulman CC, Tostain J, C W Wu F (2006) Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome (TDS) needs to be named appropriately–the importance of accurate terminology. Eur Urol 50(3):407–409
Morgentaler A, Schulman C (2009) Testosterone and prostate safety. Front Horm Res 37:197–203, Review
Öhman A, Dimberg U, Esteves F (1989) Preattentive activation of aversive emotions. In: Archer T, Nilsson LG (eds) Aversion, avoidance and anxiety: perspectives on aversively motivated behavior. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 169–193
Pfaus JG (1999) Neurobiology of sexual behavior. Curr Opin Neurobiol 9(6):751–758
Pfaus JG (2009) Pathways of sexual desire. J Sex Med 6(6):1506–1533
Rosen RC (2000) Prevalence and risk factors of sexual dysfunction in men and women. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2(3):189–195
Rosen RC, Riley A, Wagner G, Osterloh IH, Kirkpatrick J, Mishra A (1997) The international index of erectile function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction. Urology 49(6):822–830
Rosen RC, Cappelleri JC, Gendrano N 3rd (2002) The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): a state-of-the-science review. Int J Impot Res 14(4):226–244
Rosser BR, Metz ME, Bockting WO, Buroker T (1997) Sexual difficulties, concerns, and satisfaction in homosexual men: an empirical study with implications for HIV prevention. J Sex Marital Ther 23(1):61–73
Rothschild AJ (2000) New directions in the treatment of antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction. Clin Ther 22(Suppl A):A42–A57; discussion A58–61
Sandfort TGM, De Keizer M (2001) Sexual problems in gay men: an overview of empirical research. Annu Rev Sex Res 12:93–120
Schiavi RC, Rehman J (1995) Sexuality and aging. Urol Clin North Am 22(4):711–726
Schover LR, LoPiccolo J (1982) Treatment effectiveness for dysfunctions of sexual desire. J Sex Marital Ther 8(3):179–197
Schweitzer I, Maguire K, Ng C (2009) Sexual side-effects of contemporary antidepressants: review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 43(9):795–808
Segraves RT (2008) Management of hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Adv Psychosom Med 29:23–32
Segraves K, Segraves RT (1991) Hypoactive sexual desire disorder: prevalence and comorbidity in 906 subjects. J Sex Marital Ther 17(1):55–58
Simons JS, Carey MP (2001) Prevalence of sexual dysfunctions: results from a decade of research. Arch Sex Behav 30(2):177–219
Snyder PJ (2004) Hypogonadism in elderly men–what to do until the evidence comes. N Engl J Med 350(5):440–442
Spector IP, Carey MP, Steinberg L (1996) The sexual desire inventory: development, factor structure, and evidence of reliability. J Sex Marital Ther 22(3):175–190
Toorians AW, Janssen E, Laan E, Gooren LJ, Giltay EJ, Oe PL et al (1997) Chronic renal failure and sexual functioning: clinical status versus objectively assessed sexual response. Nephrol Dial Transplant 12(12):2654–2663
Traish AM (2009) Androgens play a pivotal role in maintaining penile tissue architecture and erection: a review. J Androl 30(4):363–369
Trudel G, Marchand A, Ravart M, Aubin S, Turgeon L, Fortier P (2001) The effect of a cognitive-behavioral group treatment program on hypoactive sexual desire in women. Sexual Relationship Ther 16(2):145–164
van Deelen RA, Rommers MK, Eerenberg JG, Egberts AC (2002) Hypersexuality during use of levodopa. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 146(44):2095–2098
van Lankveld JJDM, Grotjohann Y (2000) Psychiatric comorbidity in heterosexual couples with sexual dysfunction assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Arch Sex Behav 29(5):479–498
van Lankveld JJDM, van Koeveringe GM (2003) Predictive validity of the Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) for the presence of sexual dysfunctions within a Dutch urological population. Int J Impot Res 15:110–116
Vroege JA (2003) De Vragenlijst voor het signaleren van Seksuele Dysfuncties (VSD). Bruikbaarheid in de klinische praktijk [The Questionnaire for Screening Sexual Dysfunctions (QSSD). Usability in clinicalpractice]. RNG-studies 4, Delft: Eburon.
Waldinger MD (1999) Sexual side effects of antidepressants. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 143(37):1853–1857
Zitzmann M, Faber S, Nieschlag E (2006) Association of specific symptoms and metabolic risks with serum testosterone in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91(11):4335–4343
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Meuleman, E.J.H., van Lankveld, J.J.D.M. (2015). Male Sexual Desire Disorder. In: Mirone, V. (eds) Clinical Uro-Andrology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45018-5_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45018-5_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-45017-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-45018-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)