Zusammenfassung
Das Analkarzinom ist ein seltener gastrointestinaler Tumor, an welches bei Patienten mit Risikofaktoren wie HIV-Infektion (HIV: „human immunodeficiency virus“), Immunsuppression und Zervixkarzinomanamnese gedacht werden muss. Auf der Basis der in den letzten Jahren veröffentlichten Daten werden die aktuellen Prinzipien der Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge des Analkarzinoms dargestellt. Die simultane Radiochemotherapie mit 5-FU (5- Fluorouracil) und Mitomycin C stellt die Standardtherapie des Analkarzinoms dar und ist in den meisten Fällen mit einem Sphinktererhalt verbunden. Bei persistierendem Tumor nach Radiochemotherapie oder lokalem Rezidiv kann mit einer abdominoperinealen Rektumexstirpation als Salvage-Therapie prinzipiell noch eine Heilung erzielt werden. Regelmäßige Nachsorgeuntersuchungen müssen daher gewährleistet sein, um diese Indikation möglichst frühzeitig zu erkennen. Der Einsatz von neueren Substanzen und/oder das Hinzufügen einer Induktions- oder Erhaltungschemotherapie konnten in den entsprechenden randomisierten Studien die Ergebnisse nicht verbessern und sich nicht gegen das etablierte Protokoll durchsetzen. Eine Kooperation aller beteiligten Disziplinen ist erforderlich, um gute Ergebnisse zu erreichen.
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Fraunholz, I., Woeste, G., Hofheinz, RD. (2015). Therapie des Analkarzinoms. In: Adamietz, I., et al. Weiterbildung Onkologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44835-9_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44835-9_14
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