Abstract
Optical pumping means selective population or depletion of atomic or molecular levels by absorption of radiation, resulting in a population change ΔN in these levels, which causes a noticeable deviation from the thermal equilibrium population. With intense atomic resonance lines emitted from hollow-cathode lamps or from microwave discharge lamps, optical pumping had successfully been used for a long time in atomic spectroscopy, even before the invention of the laser (Bernheim in Optical pumping, an introduction, Benjamin, New York, 1965; Budick in Adv. at. mol. phys., vol. 3, Academic Press, New York, 1967). However, the introduction of lasers as very powerful pumping sources with narrow linewidths has substantially increased the application range of optical pumping. In particular, lasers have facilitated the transfer of this well-developed technique to molecular spectroscopy. While early experiments on optical pumping of molecules (Zare in Int’l colloquium on Doppler-Free spectroscopic methods for simple molecular systems, CNRS, Paris, 1974; Broyer et al. in Adv. at. mol. phys., vol. 12, Academic Press, New York, 1976) were restricted to accidental coincidences between molecular absorption lines and atomic resonance lines from incoherent sources, the possibility of tuning a laser to the desired molecular transition provides a much more selective and effective pumping process. It allows, because of the larger intensity, a much larger change ΔN i =N i0−N i of the population density in the selected level |i〉 from its unsaturated value N i0 at thermal equilibrium to a nonequilibrium value N i .
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Chapter 5
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Demtröder, W. (2015). Optical Pumping and Double-Resonance Techniques. In: Laser Spectroscopy 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44641-6_5
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