Abstract
Cosmic rays can be accelerated in galaxy clusters by different mechanisms and remain confined in the cluster volume accumulating for cosmological times. This component is expected to generate non-thermal radiation from radio to γ-rays through a variety of mechanisms. Mpc-scale synchrotron radiation from the inter-galactic-medium is nowadays observed in many nearby, massive, clusters and provides a probe of the complex interplay between thermal gas, magnetic fields and cosmic rays in galaxy clusters. The interaction of cosmic rays with magnetic fields is of primary importance for the acceleration, evolution and dynamics of these particles. Cosmic rays are trapped and accelerated via the scattering with magnetic field fluctuations in converging (shocks) or turbulent flows driven, at least in part, by the hierarchical process of clusters formation. Interestingly, this also connects the processes of cluster formation and particle acceleration in the intra-cluster-medium. In this chapter we describe the basic ingredients of the physics of cosmic rays in galaxy clusters and report on the most relevant observables that are nowadays used for constraining their origin and evolution.
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Notes
- 1.
The acceleration time-scale of these CRs, assuming μG fields, is larger than the Hubble time
- 2.
An extension of these approaches includes diffractive interaction and the Feynman scaling violation in the nondiffrective inelastic interaction (Kamae et al. 2005)
- 3.
Provided it operates for a time-period that is not too short compared to the acceleration time-scale (in one acceleration time-scale the energy of accelerated particles becomes ∼ 2 times bigger); otherwise, balance between acceleration and losses has not yet been reached.
- 4.
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Acknowledgements
GB acknowledge partial support by grant PRIN-INAF2009 and ASI-INAF I/009/10/0. TWJ is supported by NASA grant NNX09AH78G, by US NSF grants AST0908668 and AST1211595 and the Minnesota Supercomputing Institute. We thank Marcus Bruggen, Joseph Lazio and Reiner Beck for helpful discussions and comments.
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Brunetti, G., Jones, T.W. (2015). Cosmic Rays in Galaxy Clusters and Their Interaction with Magnetic Fields. In: Lazarian, A., de Gouveia Dal Pino, E., Melioli, C. (eds) Magnetic Fields in Diffuse Media. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 407. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44625-6_20
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