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Magnetic Fields in Diffuse Media pp 373–398Cite as

Particle Acceleration by Magnetic Reconnection

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Part of the book series: Astrophysics and Space Science Library ((ASSL,volume 407))

Abstract

Observational data require a rich variety of mechanisms to accelerate fast particles in astrophysical environments operating under different conditions. The mechanisms discussed in the literature include varying magnetic fields in compact sources, stochastic processes in turbulent environments, and acceleration behind shocks. An alternative, much less explored mechanism involves particle acceleration within magnetic reconnection sites. In this chapter we discuss this mechanism and show that particles can be efficiently accelerated by magnetic reconnection through a first order Fermi process within large scale current sheets (specially when in the presence of local turbulence which speeds up the reconnection and make the acceleration region thicker) and also through a second order Fermi process in pure MHD turbulent environments.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    We note that Giannios (2010) re-derived the relation above in the limit when the reconnection velocity itself approaches the light speed and obtained an expression that naturally recovers the form of Eq. (13.4) in the non-relativistic regime.

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Acknowledgements

E.M.G.D.P. acknowledges partial support from the Brazilian agencies FAPESP (grant no. 2006/50654-3 and CNPq (grant no. 300083/94-7) and G.K. also acknowledges support from FAPESP (grant 2009/50053-8). The authors are also in debt to Alex Lazarian for fruitful and joyful collaboration in this work. Part of the simulations presented here have been carried out in LAI (Astrophysical Laboratory of Informatics at IAG-USP).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1226, Cidade Universitária, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino

  2. Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Béttio, 1000 Ermelino Matarazzo, 03828-000, São Paulo, Brazil

    Grzegorz Kowal

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  1. Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino
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Correspondence to Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA

    Alexander Lazarian

  2. Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino

  3. Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Claudio Melioli

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de Gouveia Dal Pino, E.M., Kowal, G. (2015). Particle Acceleration by Magnetic Reconnection. In: Lazarian, A., de Gouveia Dal Pino, E., Melioli, C. (eds) Magnetic Fields in Diffuse Media. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 407. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44625-6_13

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