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Rule of Law in China

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Abstract

The concept of rule of law is comparatively new to China. It came into focus only at the beginning of the twentieth century when the imperial system of power collapsed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Wang (2010), 2 et seq.

  2. 2.

    “Zhao wei tian she lang, mu deng tian zi tang” (A common farmer in the morning can become an official beside the emperor in the evening). Translation by Pan (2006), 22. For the content of the civil service examination system and its shortcomings see in detail Mote (2003), 126 et seq.

  3. 3.

    In the Zhanguo period (453–221 BC), the nobility was already pushed aside by a new middle class (e.g., merchants). At that time, the meaning of “baixing” started its development from “hundred dynasties” (the nobility) to “hundred family names” (the people). Cf. Vogelsang (2012), 95, 97, 103.

  4. 4.

    For instance by successfully passing the civil service exams and taking high posts in the administration or by successfully merchandising. Cf. Pan (2006), 20 et seq.; Vogelsang (2012), 95, 97. Blasek (2012), 256 et seq. with further references.

  5. 5.

    See Heuser (2000), 417. Schmidt-Glintzer (2009), 119.

  6. 6.

    See Sect. 2.2.

  7. 7.

    See for the various opinions Mo (2010), 36.

  8. 8.

    See Lin (2000), 40 with further references.

  9. 9.

    Deng’s speech from 13 December 1978, Chap. 2 par. 9.

  10. 10.

    Jiang Zemin’s report at the 15th National Congress of the CPC on 12 Sept. 1997, Chap. 6.

  11. 11.

    See Sect. 2.2.

  12. 12.

    The rule of law began to appear in government policy and became an official term. Peerenboom, Long March (2002), 1.

  13. 13.

    Mo (2010), 37. For the Chinese journey from rule of man via rule by law to rule of law, see Wang (2010), 6 et seq.

  14. 14.

    Vogelsang (2012), 553 et seq., in detail see Becker (1998).

  15. 15.

    Vogelsang (2012), 566 et seq.

  16. 16.

    Wang (2010), 12 et seq.

  17. 17.

    See Sect. 4.2.3.

  18. 18.

    White Paper The State Council Information Office of PRC 2008, Conclusion.

  19. 19.

    See for ancient and modern Chinese stability thinking Blasek (2012), 246 et seq.

  20. 20.

    The paper changes in wording between “rule of law” and “governing the country by law” (rule by law?). Cf. Sect. 4.2.3.3.

References

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Correspondence to Katrin Blasek .

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Blasek, K. (2015). Rule of Law in China. In: Rule of Law in China. SpringerBriefs in Law. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44622-5_3

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