Abstract
Flexible phone screens, luminescent window glass, and large-area lighting roofs, which were incredible about 30 years ago, have now or will in the near future become a part of our lives owing to the emergence of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Because of their high display quality, low consumption, lightweighting, and flexible features, OLEDs have been recognized as the next-generation display and lighting technology.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Pope M, Magnante P, Kallmann HP (1963) Electroluminescence in organic crystals. J Chem Phys 38:2042–2043
Tang CW, Vanslyke SA (1987) Organic electroluminescent diodes. Appl Phys Lett 51:913–915
Burroughes JH, Bradley DDC, Brown AR et al (1990) Light-emitting-diodes based on conjugated polymers. Nature 347:539–541
Kohler A, Wilson JS, Friend RH (2002) Fluorescence and phosphorescence in organic materials. Adv Eng Mater 4:453–459
Evans RC, Douglas P, Winscom CJ (2006) Coordination complexes exhibiting room-temperature phosphorescence: evaluation of their suitability as triplet emitters in organic light emitting diodes. Coord Chem Rev 250:2093–2126
Forster T (1959) 10th spiers memorial lecture—transfer mechanisms of electronic excitation. Discuss Faraday Soc 27:7–17
Dexter DL (1953) A theory of sensitized luminescence in solids. J Chem Phys 21:836–850
Baldo MA, O’Brien DF, You Y et al (1998) Highly efficient phosphorescent emission from organic electroluminescent devices. Nature 395:151–154
Xiao LX, Chen ZJ, Qu B et al (2011) Recent progresses on materials for electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting devices. Adv Mater 23:926–952
Shirota Y, Kageyama H (2007) Charge carrier transporting molecular materials and their applications in devices. Chem Rev 107:953–1010
Tao YT, Yang CL, Qin JG (2011) Organic host materials for phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. Chem Soc Rev 40:2943–2970
Zhou G, Qian G, Ma L et al (2005) Polyfluorenes with phosphonate groups in the side chains as chemosensors and electroluminescent materials. Macromolecules 38:5416–5424
Fang J, Wallikewitz BH, Gao F et al (2011) Conjugated Zwitterionic polyelectrolyte as the charge injection layer for high-performance polymer light-emitting diodes. J Am Chem Soc 133:683–685
Noh YY, Lee CL, Kim JJ et al (2003) Energy transfer and device performance in phosphorescent dye doped polymer light emitting diodes. J Chem Phys 118:2853–2864
Sudhakar M, Djurovich PI, Hogen-Esch TE et al (2003) Phosphorescence quenching by conjugated polymers. J Am Chem Soc 125:7796–7797
van Dijken A, Bastiaansen J, Kiggen NMM et al (2004) Carbazole compounds as host materials for triplet emitters in organic light-emitting diodes: polymer hosts for high-efficiency light-emitting diodes. J Am Chem Soc 126:7718–7727
Wu ZL, Xiong Y, Zou JH et al (2008) High-triplet-energy poly 9,9 ‘-bis(2-ethylihexyl)-3,6-fluorene) as host for blue and green phosphorescent complexes. Adv Mater 20:2359–2364
Yeh HC, Chien CH, Shih PI et al (2008) Polymers derived from 3,6-fluorene and tetraphenylsilane derivatives: solution-processable host materials for green phosphorescent oleds. Macromolecules 41:3801–3807
Liu J, Pei Q (2010) Poly(M-Phenylene): conjugated polymer host with high triplet energy for efficient blue electrophosphorescence. Macromolecules 43:9608–9612
Shao KF, Xu XJ, Yu G et al (2006) Blue electrophosphorescent light-emitting device using a novel nonconjugated polymer as host materials. Chem Lett 35:404–405
Fei T, Cheng G, Hu D et al (2009) A wide band gap polymer derived from 3,6-carbazole and tetraphenylsilane as host for green and blue phosphorescent complexes. J Polym Sci, Part A: Polym Chem 47:4784–4792
Evans NR, Devi LS, Mak CSK et al (2006) Triplet energy back transfer in conjugated polymers with pendant phosphorescent iridium complexes. J Am Chem Soc 128:6647–6656
King SM, Al-Attar HA, Evans RJ et al (2006) The use of substituted Iridium complexes in doped polymer electrophosphorescent devices: the influence of triplet transfer and other factors on enhancing device performance. Adv Funct Mater 16:1043–1050
Huang SP, Jen TH, Chen YC et al (2008) Effective shielding of triplet energy transfer to conjugated polymer by its dense side chains from phosphor dopant for highly efficient electrophosphorescence. J Am Chem Soc 130:4699–4707
Zhang K, Tao Y, Yang C et al (2008) Synthesis and properties of carbazole main chain copolymers with oxadiazole pendant toward bipolar polymer host: tuning the homo/lumo level and triplet energy. Chem Mater 20:7324–7331
Chen YC, Huang GS, Hsiao CC et al (2006) High triplet energy polymer as host for electrophosphorescence with high efficiency. J Am Chem Soc 128:8549–8558
Takasu I, Mizuno Y, Uchikoga S et al. (2009) Improvement in triplet exciton confinement of electrophosphorescent device using fluorinated polymer host SPIE:7415, 74150B
Mathai MK, Choong V-E, Choulis SA et al (2006) Highly efficient solution processed blue organic electrophosphorescence with 14 Lm/W luminous efficacy. Appl Phys Lett 88:243512
Lee CL, Kang NG, Cho YS et al (2003) Polymer electrophosphorescent device: comparison of phosphorescent dye doped and coordinated systems. Opt Mater 21:119–123
Tokito S, Suzuki M, Sato F et al (2003) High-efficiency phosphorescent polymer light-emitting devices. Org Electron 4:105–111
Tokito S, Suzuki M, Sato F (2003) Improvement of emission efficiency in polymer light-emitting devices based on phosphorescent polymers. Thin Solid Films 445:353–357
Furuta PT, Deng L, Garon S et al (2004) Platinum-functionalized random copolymers for use in solution-processible, efficient, near-white organic light-emitting diodes. J Am Chem Soc 126:15388–15389
Poulsen DA, Kim BJ, Ma B et al (2010) Site isolation in phosphorescent bichromophoric block copolymers designed for white electroluminescence. Adv Mater 22:77–82
Carlise JR, Wang XY, Weck M (2005) Phosphorescent side-chain functionalized poly(norbornene)s containing Iridium complexes. Macromolecules 38:9000–9008
Kimyonok A, Domercq B, Haldi A et al (2007) Norbornene-based copolymers with iridium complexes and bis(carbazolyl)fluorene groups in their side-chains and their use in light-emitting diodes. Chem Mater 19:5602–5608
Haldi A, Kimyonok A, Domercq B et al (2008) Optimization of orange-emitting electrophosphorescent copolymers for organic light-emitting diodes. Adv Funct Mater 18:3056–3062
Chen XW, Liao JL, Liang YM et al (2003) High-efficiency red-light emission from polyfluorenes grafted with cyclometalated Iridium complexes and charge transport moiety. J Am Chem Soc 125:636–637
Jiang JX, Jiang CY, Yang W et al (2005) High-efficiency electrophosphorescent fluorene-alt-carbazole copolymers n-grafted with cyclometalated ir complexes. Macromolecules 38:4072–4080
Yang X-H, Wu F-I, Neher D et al (2008) Efficient red-emitting electrophosphorescent polymers. Chem Mater 20:1629–1635
Ma ZH, Ding JQ, Zhang BH et al (2010) Red-emitting polyfluorenes grafted with quinoline-based iridium complex: “simple polymeric chain, unexpected high efficiency”. Adv Funct Mater 20:138–146
Sandee AJ, Williams CK, Evans NR et al (2004) Solution-processible conjugated electrophosphorescent polymers. J Am Chem Soc 126:7041–7048
Zhang K, Chen Z, Yang C et al (2008) Iridium complexes embedded into and end-capped onto phosphorescent polymers: optimizing pled performance and structure-property relationships. J Mater Chem 18:3366–3375
Chien CH, Liao SF, Wu CH et al (2008) Electrophosphorescent polyfluorenes containing osmium complexes in the conjugated backbone. Adv Funct Mater 18:1430–1439
Zhuang WL, Zhang Y, Hou Q et al (2006) High-efficiency, electrophosphorescent polymers with porphyrin-platinum complexes in the conjugated backbone: synthesis and device performance. J Polym Sci, Part A: Polym Chem 44:4174–4186
Wong CT, Chan WK (1999) Yellow light-emitting poly(phenylenevinylene) incorporated with pendant ruthenium bipyridine and terpyridine complexes. Adv Mater 11:455–459
Ma Z, Chen L, Ding J et al (2011) Green electrophosphorescent polymers with poly(3,6-carbazole) as the backbone: a linear structure does realize high efficiency. Adv Mater 23:3726–3729
Fei T, Cheng G, Hu D et al (2010) Iridium complex grafted to 3,6-carbazole-alt-tetraphenylsilane copolymers for blue electrophosphorescence. J Polym Sci, Part A: Polym Chem 48:1859–1865
Jiang JX, Xu YH, Yang W et al (2006) High-efficiency white-light-emitting devices from a single polymer by mixing singlet and triplet emission. Adv Mater 18:1769–1773
Wu F-I, Yang X-H, Neher D et al (2007) Efficient white-electrophosphorescent devices based on a single polyfluorene copolymer. Adv Funct Mater 17:1085–1092
Mei C, Ding J, Yao B et al (2007) Synthesis and characterization of white-light-emitting polyfluorenes containing orange phosphorescent moieties in the side chain. J Polym Sci, Part A: Polym Chem 45:1746–1757
Zhang K, Chen Z, Yang C et al (2008) Stable white electroluminescence from single fluorene-based copolymers: using fluorenone as the green fluorophore and an iridium complex as the red phosphor on the main chain. J Mater Chem 18:291–298
Park M-J, Kwak J, Lee J et al (2010) Single chain white-light-emitting polyfluorene copolymers containing iridium complex coordinated on the main chain. Macromolecules 43:1379–1386
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shao, S. (2014). General Introduction. In: Electrophosphorescent Polymers Based on Polyarylether Hosts. Springer Theses. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44376-7_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44376-7_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-44375-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-44376-7
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)