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Supportive Care in Pediatric Oncology pp 71–96Cite as

Neurologic Emergencies

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Part of the book series: Pediatric Oncology ((PEDIATRICO))

Abstract

Neurologic complications of cancer and cancer therapy are common and can arise rapidly in pediatric oncology patients. Some of these complications can present as emergent situations that require rapid diagnosis and treatment; familiarity with these conditions and a low index of suspicion are absolutely necessary in caring for such patients. The emergencies of spinal cord compression, acute alteration in mental status, increased intracranial pressure and stroke are addressed in this chapter. Specific attention is given to the acute neurotoxic effects of common chemotherapeutic agents. In addition to background regarding possible etiologies that are unique to the child with cancer, the evidence bases for diagnostic steps and management are discussed. This chapter provides the necessary framework to recognize potential neurologic emergencies in pediatric oncology patients and highlights when to utilize a multidisciplinary team approach including pediatric oncologists and neuro-oncologists, intensivists, neurologists, radiation oncologists, and neurosurgeons to provide optimal care.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California-San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA

    Amit Sabnis MD

  2. Department of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA

    Jonathan L. Finlay MB, ChB, FRCP

  3. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Benioff Children’s Hospital, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Sabine Mueller MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Amit Sabnis MD
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  2. Jonathan L. Finlay MB, ChB, FRCP
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  3. Sabine Mueller MD, PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amit Sabnis MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology and Oncology, Childrens Hospital & Research Center Oak, Oakland, California, USA

    James H. Feusner

  2. Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Research Center, Oakland, California, USA

    Caroline A. Hastings

  3. Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital and Research Center, Oakland, California, USA

    Anurag K. Agrawal

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Sabnis, A., Finlay, J.L., Mueller, S. (2015). Neurologic Emergencies. In: Feusner, J., Hastings, C., Agrawal, A. (eds) Supportive Care in Pediatric Oncology. Pediatric Oncology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44317-0_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44317-0_5

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