Skip to main content

Genes Involved in Ammonium Assimilation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Lotus japonicus Genome

Abstract

Ammonium resulting from primary nitrate reduction, dinitrogen fixation, or nitrogen remobilization has to be efficiently assimilated. In this chapter, we describe the main enzymes and genes responsible for ammonium assimilation in Lotus japonicus plants. We summarize the nomenclature and codes available in Kazusa 2.5 for the main genes involved in the ammonium assimilatory process, as well as the levels of expression found by qRT-PCR for these genes in different tissues of the plant.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bernard SM, Habash DZ (2009) The importance of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in nitrogen assimilation and recycling. New Phytol 182:608–620

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Betti M, Arcondeguy T, Marquez AJ (2006) Molecular analysis of two mutants from Lotus japonicus deficient in plastidic glutamine synthetase: functional properties of purified GLN2 enzymes. Planta 224:1068–1079

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Betti M, García-Calderón M, Pérez-Delgado CM et al (2012) Glutamine synthetase in legumes: recent advances in enzyme structure and functional genomics. Int J Mol Sci 13:7994–8024

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Credali A, Díaz-Quintana A, García-Calderón M et al (2011) Structural analysis of K+ -dependence in L-asparaginases from Lotus japonicus. Planta 234:109–122

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Credali A, García-Calderón M, Dam S et al (2013) The K+ -dependent asparaginase, NSE1, is crucial for plant growth and seed production in Lotus japonicus. Plant Cell Physiol 54:107–118

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Díaz P, Betti M, Sánchez D et al (2010) Deficiency in plastidic glutamine synthetase alters proline metabolism and transcriptomic response in Lotus japonicus under drought stress. New Phytol 188:1001–1013

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fontaine J-X, Tercé-Laforgue T, Armengaud P et al (2012) Characterization of a NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase mutant of Arabidopsis demonstrates the key role of this enzyme in root carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Plant Cell 24:4044–4065

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • García-Calderón M, Chiurazzi M, Espuny MR et al (2012) Photorespiratory metabolism and nodule function: behavior of Lotus japonicus mutants deficient in plastid glutamine synthetase. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 25:211–219

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison J, Brugière N, Phillipson B et al (2000) Manipulating the pathway of ammonia assimilation through genetic engineering and breeding: consequences to plant physiology and plant development. Plant Soil 221:81–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison J, Pou de Crescenzo M-A, Sené O et al (2003) Does lowering glutamine synthetase activity in nodules modify nitrogen metabolism and growth in Lotus japonicus? Plant Physiol 133:253–262

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison J, Hirel B, Limami A (2004) Variation in nitrate uptake and assimilation between two ecotypes of Lotus japonicus L and their recombinant inbred lines. Physiol Plant 120:124–131

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ivanov A, Kameka A, Pajak A et al (2011) Arabidopsis mutants lacking asparaginases develop normally but exhibit enhanced root inhibition by exogenous asparagine. Amino Acids 42:2307–2318

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lea PJ, Sodek L, Parry MAJ et al (2007) Asparagine in plants. Ann Appl Biol 150:1–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Limami A, Phillipson B, Ameziane R et al (1999) Does root glutamine synthetase control plant biomass in Lotus japonicus L.? Planta 209:495–502

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Márquez AJ, Betti M, García-Calderón M et al (2005) Nitrate assimilation in Lotus japonicus. J Exp Bot 56:1741–1749

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orea A, Pajuelo P, Pajuelo E et al (2001) Characterisation and expression studies of a root cDNA encoding for ferredoxin-nitrite reductase from Lotus japonicus. Physiol Plant 113:193–202

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orea A, Pajuelo P, Pajuelo E et al (2002) Isolation of photorespiratory mutants from Lotus japonicus deficient in glutamine synthetase. Physiol Plant 115:352–361

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orea A, Pajuelo P, Romero JM et al (2005) Nitrate assimilation: influence of nitrogen supply. In: Márquez AJ (ed) Lotus japonicus handbook. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 295–313

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Ortega JL, Temple SJ, Bagga S et al (2004) Biochemical and molecular characterization of transgenic Lotus japonicus plants constitutively over-expressing a cytosolic glutamine synthetase gene. Planta 219:807–818

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pajuelo P, Pajuelo E, Orea A et al (2002) Influence of plant age and growth conditions on nitrate assimilation in roots of Lotus japonicus plants. Funct Plant Biol 29:485–494

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Delgado CM, García-Calderón M, Sánchez DH et al (2013) Transcriptomic and metabolic changes associated to photorespiratory ammonium accumulation in the model legume Lotus japonicus. Plant Physiol 162:1834–1848

    Google Scholar 

  • Prosser IM, Massonneau A, Smyth AJ et al (2006) Nitrate assimilation in the forage legume Lotus japonicus L. Planta 223:821–834

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sandal N, Petersen TR, Murray J et al (2006) Genetics of symbiosis in L. japonicus: recombinant inbred lines, comparative genetic maps and map position on 35 symbiotic loci. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact 19:80–91

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seabra AR, Vieira CP, Cullimore JV et al (2010) Medicago truncatula contains a second gene encoding a plastid located glutamine synthetase exclusively expressed in developing seeds. BMC Plant Biol 10:183

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Suárez R, Márquez J, Shishkova S et al (2003) Overexpression of alfalfa cytosolic glutamine synthetase in nodules and flowers of transgenic Lotus japonicus plants. Physiol Plant 117:326–336

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vance CP, Miller SS, Gregerson RG et al (1995) Alfalfa NADH-dependent glutamate synthase: structure of the gene and importance in symbiotic N2 fixation. Plant J 8:345–348

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vincent R, Fraisier V, Chaillou S et al (1997) Overexpression of a soybean gene encoding glutamine synthetase in shoots of transgenic Lotus corniculatus L. plants triggers changes in assimilation and plant development. Planta 201:424–433

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Waterhouse RM, Smyth AJ, Massoneau A et al (1996) Molecular cloning and characterisation of asparagine synthetase from Lotus japonicus: dynamics of asparagine synthesis in N-sufficient conditions. Plant Mol Biol 30:883–897

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Authors acknowledge the funding by Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia from Junta de Andalucía (project P10-CVI-6368 and BIO-163). CMP acknowledges the receipt of PIF and V Plan Propio fellowships from University of Seville.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Antonio J. Márquez .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pérez-Delgado, C.M., García-Calderón, M., Credali, A., Vega, J.M., Betti, M., Márquez, A.J. (2014). Genes Involved in Ammonium Assimilation. In: Tabata, S., Stougaard, J. (eds) The Lotus japonicus Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44270-8_11

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics