Abstract
Ammonium resulting from primary nitrate reduction, dinitrogen fixation, or nitrogen remobilization has to be efficiently assimilated. In this chapter, we describe the main enzymes and genes responsible for ammonium assimilation in Lotus japonicus plants. We summarize the nomenclature and codes available in Kazusa 2.5 for the main genes involved in the ammonium assimilatory process, as well as the levels of expression found by qRT-PCR for these genes in different tissues of the plant.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bernard SM, Habash DZ (2009) The importance of cytosolic glutamine synthetase in nitrogen assimilation and recycling. New Phytol 182:608–620
Betti M, Arcondeguy T, Marquez AJ (2006) Molecular analysis of two mutants from Lotus japonicus deficient in plastidic glutamine synthetase: functional properties of purified GLN2 enzymes. Planta 224:1068–1079
Betti M, García-Calderón M, Pérez-Delgado CM et al (2012) Glutamine synthetase in legumes: recent advances in enzyme structure and functional genomics. Int J Mol Sci 13:7994–8024
Credali A, Díaz-Quintana A, García-Calderón M et al (2011) Structural analysis of K+ -dependence in L-asparaginases from Lotus japonicus. Planta 234:109–122
Credali A, García-Calderón M, Dam S et al (2013) The K+ -dependent asparaginase, NSE1, is crucial for plant growth and seed production in Lotus japonicus. Plant Cell Physiol 54:107–118
Díaz P, Betti M, Sánchez D et al (2010) Deficiency in plastidic glutamine synthetase alters proline metabolism and transcriptomic response in Lotus japonicus under drought stress. New Phytol 188:1001–1013
Fontaine J-X, Tercé-Laforgue T, Armengaud P et al (2012) Characterization of a NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase mutant of Arabidopsis demonstrates the key role of this enzyme in root carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Plant Cell 24:4044–4065
García-Calderón M, Chiurazzi M, Espuny MR et al (2012) Photorespiratory metabolism and nodule function: behavior of Lotus japonicus mutants deficient in plastid glutamine synthetase. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 25:211–219
Harrison J, Brugière N, Phillipson B et al (2000) Manipulating the pathway of ammonia assimilation through genetic engineering and breeding: consequences to plant physiology and plant development. Plant Soil 221:81–93
Harrison J, Pou de Crescenzo M-A, Sené O et al (2003) Does lowering glutamine synthetase activity in nodules modify nitrogen metabolism and growth in Lotus japonicus? Plant Physiol 133:253–262
Harrison J, Hirel B, Limami A (2004) Variation in nitrate uptake and assimilation between two ecotypes of Lotus japonicus L and their recombinant inbred lines. Physiol Plant 120:124–131
Ivanov A, Kameka A, Pajak A et al (2011) Arabidopsis mutants lacking asparaginases develop normally but exhibit enhanced root inhibition by exogenous asparagine. Amino Acids 42:2307–2318
Lea PJ, Sodek L, Parry MAJ et al (2007) Asparagine in plants. Ann Appl Biol 150:1–26
Limami A, Phillipson B, Ameziane R et al (1999) Does root glutamine synthetase control plant biomass in Lotus japonicus L.? Planta 209:495–502
Márquez AJ, Betti M, García-Calderón M et al (2005) Nitrate assimilation in Lotus japonicus. J Exp Bot 56:1741–1749
Orea A, Pajuelo P, Pajuelo E et al (2001) Characterisation and expression studies of a root cDNA encoding for ferredoxin-nitrite reductase from Lotus japonicus. Physiol Plant 113:193–202
Orea A, Pajuelo P, Pajuelo E et al (2002) Isolation of photorespiratory mutants from Lotus japonicus deficient in glutamine synthetase. Physiol Plant 115:352–361
Orea A, Pajuelo P, Romero JM et al (2005) Nitrate assimilation: influence of nitrogen supply. In: Márquez AJ (ed) Lotus japonicus handbook. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 295–313
Ortega JL, Temple SJ, Bagga S et al (2004) Biochemical and molecular characterization of transgenic Lotus japonicus plants constitutively over-expressing a cytosolic glutamine synthetase gene. Planta 219:807–818
Pajuelo P, Pajuelo E, Orea A et al (2002) Influence of plant age and growth conditions on nitrate assimilation in roots of Lotus japonicus plants. Funct Plant Biol 29:485–494
Pérez-Delgado CM, García-Calderón M, Sánchez DH et al (2013) Transcriptomic and metabolic changes associated to photorespiratory ammonium accumulation in the model legume Lotus japonicus. Plant Physiol 162:1834–1848
Prosser IM, Massonneau A, Smyth AJ et al (2006) Nitrate assimilation in the forage legume Lotus japonicus L. Planta 223:821–834
Sandal N, Petersen TR, Murray J et al (2006) Genetics of symbiosis in L. japonicus: recombinant inbred lines, comparative genetic maps and map position on 35 symbiotic loci. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact 19:80–91
Seabra AR, Vieira CP, Cullimore JV et al (2010) Medicago truncatula contains a second gene encoding a plastid located glutamine synthetase exclusively expressed in developing seeds. BMC Plant Biol 10:183
Suárez R, Márquez J, Shishkova S et al (2003) Overexpression of alfalfa cytosolic glutamine synthetase in nodules and flowers of transgenic Lotus japonicus plants. Physiol Plant 117:326–336
Vance CP, Miller SS, Gregerson RG et al (1995) Alfalfa NADH-dependent glutamate synthase: structure of the gene and importance in symbiotic N2 fixation. Plant J 8:345–348
Vincent R, Fraisier V, Chaillou S et al (1997) Overexpression of a soybean gene encoding glutamine synthetase in shoots of transgenic Lotus corniculatus L. plants triggers changes in assimilation and plant development. Planta 201:424–433
Waterhouse RM, Smyth AJ, Massoneau A et al (1996) Molecular cloning and characterisation of asparagine synthetase from Lotus japonicus: dynamics of asparagine synthesis in N-sufficient conditions. Plant Mol Biol 30:883–897
Acknowledgments
Authors acknowledge the funding by Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia from Junta de Andalucía (project P10-CVI-6368 and BIO-163). CMP acknowledges the receipt of PIF and V Plan Propio fellowships from University of Seville.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pérez-Delgado, C.M., García-Calderón, M., Credali, A., Vega, J.M., Betti, M., Márquez, A.J. (2014). Genes Involved in Ammonium Assimilation. In: Tabata, S., Stougaard, J. (eds) The Lotus japonicus Genome. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44270-8_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44270-8_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-44269-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-44270-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)