Skip to main content
Book cover

Dry Eye pp 45–50Cite as

Artificial Tears

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Essentials in Ophthalmology ((ESSENTIALS))

Abstract

Dry eye is one of the most frequent conditions seen by ophthalmologists. Symptoms with variable frequency and intensity, such as ocular irritation, foreign body sensation, photophobia, and blurred vision, might happen and may have and impact in quality of life.

Regarding dry eye diagnosis there is, today, a variety of tests including minimally invasive tests such as dry eye questionnaires and invasive tests such as the use of vital stainings.

The mainstay treatment of dry eye or dysfunctional tear syndrome (DTS) is tear replacement with artificial tears (AT). Understanding the properties of the different compounds of the artificial tears and the specific deficiency, each patient has optimized AT selection and patient benefit.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Bhojwani R, Cellesi F, Maino A, Jalil A, Haider D, Noble B (2011) Treatment of dry eye: an analysis of the British Sjögren’s syndrome Association comparing substitute tear viscosity and subjective efficacy. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 34:269–273

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garrett Q, Xu S, Simmons PA, Vehige J, Xie RZ, Kumar A, Flanagan JL, Zhao Z, Willcox MD (2008) Carboxymethyl cellulose stimulates rabbit corneal epithelial wound healing. Curr Eye Res 33(7):567–573

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbard JP, Rossi SR (1992) An electrolyte-based solution that increases corneal glycogen and conjunctival goblet-cell density in a rabbit model for keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Ophthalmology 99:600–604 (BS1)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007) Report of the International Dry Eye WorkShop. Ocul Surf 5(2):65–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsumoto Y, Ohashi Y, Watanabe H, Tsubota K, Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution Phase 2 Study Group (2012) Efficacy and safety of diquafosol ophthalmic solution in patients with dry eye syndrome: a Japanese phase 2 clinical trial. Ophthalmology 119(10):1954–1960

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rieger G (1990) Lipid-containing eye drops: a step closer to natural tears. Ophthalmologica 201:206–212

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schaumberg DA, Sullivan DA, Buring JE, Dana MR (2003) Prevalence of dry eye syndrome among US women. Am J Ophthalmol 136:318–326

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shigeyasu C, Hirano S, Akune Y, Mochizuki H, Yamada M (2013) Evaluation of the frequency of ophthalmic solution application: washout effects of topical saline application on tear components. Curr Eye Res 38:722–728

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Compliance with Ethical Requirements

Conflict of Interest

Authors Fernando Faria Correia, Isaac Ramos, Marcella Salomão, and Renato Ambrósio Jr declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Animals and Humans

“No animal or human studies were carried out by the authors for this article.”

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Renato Ambrósio Jr MD, PhD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2015 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ambrósio, R., Correia, F.F., Ramos, I., Salomão, M. (2015). Artificial Tears. In: Chan, C. (eds) Dry Eye. Essentials in Ophthalmology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44106-0_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44106-0_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-44105-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-44106-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics