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Cancer Immunology pp 285–294Cite as

Epigenetics and microRNAs in Cancer

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Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA which regulate gene expression. In addition to their “classical” mechanism of action (targeting of messenger RNAs by binding to partially complementary sequences in their 3′-untranslated region), it has been shown that miRNAs can also regulate gene expression by affecting the epigenetics status of genes. These miRNAs, called epi-miRNAs, act by directly silencing key effectors of the epigenetic machinery, such as DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), and Polycomb Repressive Complex (PRC) genes. Moreover, miRNAs, like any other proteic coding gene, are also regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Overall, this two-way interaction between the miRNome and the epigenome is critically involved in the dysregulation of miRNAs observed in human cancer, and at least in part responsible for human carcinogenesis. A better understanding of the dynamic between miRNAs and epigenetics in cancer is leading to the identification of new molecular anticancer targets.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern, California, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Petra M. Wise PhD, Kishore B. Challagundla PhD & Muller Fabbri MD, PhD

  2. Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd MS #57, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA

    Petra M. Wise PhD & Kishore B. Challagundla PhD

  3. Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd MS #57, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA

    Muller Fabbri MD, PhD

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  1. Petra M. Wise PhD
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Correspondence to Muller Fabbri MD, PhD .

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  1. Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran, Iran

    Nima Rezaei

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Wise, P.M., Challagundla, K.B., Fabbri, M. (2015). Epigenetics and microRNAs in Cancer. In: Rezaei, N. (eds) Cancer Immunology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44006-3_16

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