Abstract
As early as the mid-nineteenth century, slums had been “widely recognized as an international phenomenon.” However, it was not until the 1950s and 1960s that the seriousness of slum problems began receiving widespread concern in the international community. Both developed and developing countries, such as the United States, Germany, Brazil, India, and Pakistan, have made sustained efforts to solve the problems of slums, but the results are far from satisfactory: from the 1960s “slums of hope,” through urban poverty’s “big bang” during the debt decades of 1970s and 1980s, to today’s unprecedented mega slums. From the sprawling barricades of Lima to the garbage hills of Manila, urbanization has been disconnected from industrialization, and even economic growth. Slums spread all over the planet like “chronic illnesses” and “cancers,” constraining both urban development and its residents’ production and everyday life.
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Ni, P.F., Oyelaran-Oyeyinka, B., Chen, F. (2015). Slum Upgrading Policies of China’s Shantytowns. In: Urban Innovation and Upgrading in China Shanty Towns. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43905-0_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43905-0_2
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