Zusammenfassung
Ports sind aus verschiedenen Gründen prinzipiell die am besten geeigneten dauerhaften zentralvenösen Katheter für Kinder und Jugendliche, die nicht ständig, sondern nur intermittierend auf einen sicheren venösen Zugang angewiesen sind (Walser 2012, Vescia et al. 2008). Patienten, die z. B. für eine sehr intensive Chemotherapie, vor Stammzellseparation oder -transplantation einen mehrlumigen Zugang benötigen, erhalten in der Regel keinen Port, sondern einen mehrlumigen Broviac-/Hickman-Katheter (Simon et al. 2013a).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Literatur
Abdelkefi A, Abdennebi YB, Mellouli F et al. (2004) Effectiveness of fixed 50 % nitrous oxide oxygen mixture and EMLA cream for insertion of cen tral venous catheters in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 43: 777–779
Abdul-Rauf A, Gauderer M, Chiarucci K, Berman B (1995) Long-term central venous access in patients with sickle cell disease. Incidence of thromboti c and infectious complications. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 17: 342–345
Adler A, Yaniv I, Steinberg R et al. (2006a) Infectious complications of implantable ports and Hickman catheters in paediatric haematology-oncology patients. J Hosp Infect 62: 358–365
Adler A, Yaniv I, Solter E et al. (2006b) Catheter-associated bloodstream infections in pediatric hematology-oncology patients: factors associated with catheter removal and recurrence. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 28: 23–28
Agyeman P, Aebi C, Hirt A et al. (2011) Predicting Bacteremia in Children With Cancer and Fever in Chemotherapyinduced Neutropenia: Results of t he Prospective Multicenter SPOG 2003 FN Study. Pediatr Infect Dis J
Agyeman P, Kontny U, Nadal D et al. (2014) A prospective multicenter SPOG 2003 FN study of microbiologically defined infections in pediatric cancer patients with f ever and neutropenia. Pediatr Infect Dis J Pediatr 33(9): e219–e225
Aitken ML, Tonelli MR (2000) Complications of indwelling c atheters in cystic fibrosis: a 10-year review. Chest 118: 1598–1602
A-Rahman AK, Spencer D (2012) Totally implantable vascular access devices for cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 5: CD004111
Albisetti M, Kellenberger CJ, Bergstrasser E et al. (2013) Port-acath-related thrombosis and postthromboti c syndrome in pediatric oncology patients. J Pediatr 163: 1340–1346
Alexander N (2010) Question 3. Do portacaths or Hickman lines have a higher risk of catheter-related bloodstream inf ections in children with leukaemia? Arch Dis Child 2010;95: 239–241
Allen RC, Holdsworth MT, Johnson CA et al. (2008) Risk determinants for catheter-associated blood stream infections in ch ildren and young adults with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 51: 53–58
Ammann RA, Bodmer N, Hirt A et al. (2010) Predicting adverse events in children with fever and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia: the pro spective multicenter SPOG 2003 FN study. J Clin Oncol 28: 2008–2014
Anderson DM, Pesaturo KA, Casavant J, Ramsey EZ (2013) Alteplase for the treatment of cat heter occlusion in pediatric patients. Ann Pharmacother 47: 405–409
Austin PD, Elia M (2009) A systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of microbial contamination of aseptically prep ared doses in different environments. J Pharm Pharm Sci 12: 233–242
Balestrino D, Souweine B, Charbonnel N et al. (2009) Eradication of microorganisms embedded in biofilm by an ethanol- based catheter lock solution. Nephrol Dial Transplant 24: 3204–3209
Bartram JL, O’Driscoll S, Kulasekararaj AG et al. (2011) Portacaths are safe for long-term regular blood transfusion in children with sickle cell anaemia. Arch Dis Child 96: 1082–1084
Bertoglio S, Rezzo R, Merlo FD et al. (2013) Pre-filled normal saline syringes to reduce totally implantable venous access device-associated bloodstream i nfection: a single institution pilot study. J Hosp Infect 84: 85–88
Bertoglio S, Solari N, Meszaros P et al. (2012) Efficacy of normal saline versus heparinized saline solution for locking catheters of totally implantable long-term central vascu lar access devices in adult cancer patients. Cancer Nurs 35: E35–42
Beutel K, Simon A (2005) Diagnostic and management of central venous lin e infections in pediatric cancer patients. Klin Padiatr 217: 91–100
Bisseling TM, Willems MC, Versleijen MW et al. (2010) Taurolidine lock is highly effective in preventing catheter-related bloodstream infections in patients on home parenteral nutri tion: a heparin-controlled prospective trial. Clin Nutr 29: 464–468
Braam KI, Veening MA, Schouten-van Meeteren AY et al. (2013) Totally implantable venous access device in children with cancer lead to disfiguring scar. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 30: 154–164
Bratton J, Johnstone PA, McMullen KP (2014) Outpatient management of vascular access devices in children receiving radiothe rapy: Complications and morbidity. Pediatr Blood Cancer 61: 499–501
Broviac JW, Cole JJ, Scribner BH (1973) A silicone rubber atrial catheter for prolonged parenteral alimentation. Surg Gynecol Obstet 136: 602–606
Cecinati V, Brescia L, Tagliaferri L et al. (2012) Catheter-related infections in pediatric patients with cancer. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31: 2869–2877
Chu HP, Brind J, Tomar R, Hill S (2012) Significant reduction in central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections in children on HPN after starting treatment with taurolidine line lock. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 55: 403–407
Dahl HD, Hengstmann JH, Bode U, Hansen H (1986) Clinical application of a t otally implantable catheter system. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 111: 88–92
Dannenberg C, Bierbach U, Rothe A et al. (2003) Ethanol-lock technique in the treatment of bloodstream infections in pediatric oncology patients with broviac catheter. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 25: 616–621
Deerojanawong J, Sawyer SM, Fink AM et al. (1998) Totally implantable venous access devices in children with cysti c fibrosis: incidence and type of complications. Thorax 53: 285–289
Donlan RM (2011) Biofilm elimination on intravascular catheters: important considerations for the infectious disease practitioner. Clin Infect Dis 52: 1038–1045
Dumichen MJ, Seeger K, Lode HN et al. (2012) Randomized controlled trial of taurolidine citrate versus heparin as catheter lock solution in paediatric patients with haematological malignancies. J Hosp Infect 80: 304–309
Elihu A, Gollin G (2007) Complications of implanted cent ral venous catheters in neutropenic children. Am Surg 73: 1079–1082
Erinjeri JP, Fong AJ, Kemeny NE et al. (2011) Timing of administration of bevacizumab chemotherapy affects w ound healing after chest wall port placement. Cancer 117: 1296–1301
Fallon SC, Larimer EL, Gwilliam NR et al. (2013) Increased complication rates associated with Port-a-Cath placement in pediatric patients: location matters. J Pediatr Surg 48: 1263–1268
Gapany C, Tercier S, Diezi M et al. (2011) Frequent accesses to totally implanted vascular ports in pediatric oncology patients ar e associated with higher infection rates. J Vasc Access 12: 207–210
Goossens GA et al. (2013) Comparing normal saline versus diluted heparin to lock non – valved totally implantable venous access devices in cancer patients: a randomized, non inferiority, open trial. Ann Oncol 00: 1–8
Haindl H, Muller H (2012) An atraumatic needle for the puncture of ports and pumps. Klin Wochenschr 66: 1006–1009
Handrup MM, Fuursted K, Funch P et al. (2012) Biofilm formation in long-term central venous catheters in children with cancer: a randomized controlled op en-labelled trial of taurolidine versus heparin. APMIS 120: 794–801
Handrup MM, Moller JK, Frydenberg M, Schroder H (2010) Placing of tunneled central venous catheters prior to induction chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 55: 309–313
Handrup MM, Moller JK, Schroder H (2013) Central venous catheters and catheter locks in children with cancer: a prospective randomized trial of taurolidine versus heparin. Pediatr Blood Cancer 60: 1292–1298
Hengartner H, Berger C, Nadal D et al. (2004) Port-A- Cath in fections in children with cancer. Eur J Cancer 40: 2452–2458
Hickman RO, Buckner CD, Clift RA et al. (1979) A modified right atrial catheter for access to the venous syste m in marrow transplant recipients. Surg Gynecol Obstet 148: 871–875
Hubner NO, Siebert J, Kramer A (2010) Octenidine dihydrochloride, a modern antiseptic for skin, mucous membranes and wounds. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 23: 244–258
Hung IF, To KK, Lee CK et al. (2010) Effect of clinical and virological parameters on the level of neutralizing antibody agains t pandemic influenza A Virus H1N1 2009. Clin Infect Dis 51: 274–279
Hung MC, Chen CJ, Wu KG et al. (2009) Subcutaneously implanted central venous access device infection in ped iatric patients with cancer. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 42: 166–171
Jacobs BR, Haygood M, Hingl J (2001) Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in the treatment of ce ntral venous catheter occlusion in children. J Pediatr 139: 593–596
Johannsen KH, Handrup MM, Lausen B et al. (2013) High frequency of streptococcal bacteraemia during childhood AML therapy irr espective of dose of cytarabine. Pediatr Blood Cancer 60: 1154–1160
Journeycake JM, Quinn CT, Miller KL et al. (2001) Catheterrelated deep venous thrombosis in children with hemophilia. Blood 98: 1727–1731
Kayton ML, Garmey EG, Ishill NM et al. (2010) Preliminary results of a phase I trial of prophylactic ethanol-lock administration to prevent mediport ca theter-related bloodstream infections. J Pediatr Surg 45: 1961–1966
Kerenyi M, Batai R, Juhasz V, Batai I (2004) Lidocaine/prilocaine cream (EMLA) has an antibacterial effect in vitro. J Hosp Infect 56: 75–76
Klettke U, Magdorf K, Staab D et al. (1999) Ambulatory vs. inpatient intravenous antibiotic therapy in mucoviscidosis patients – a controlled study. Pneumologie 53: 31–36
Kuo YS, Schwartz B, Santiago J et al. (2005) H ow often should a port-A-cath be flushed? Cancer Invest 23: 582–585
Lehrnbecher T, Phillips R, Alexander S et al. (2012) Guideline for the management of fever and neutropenia in children with cancer and/or undergoing hema topoietic stem-cell transplantation. J Clin Oncol 30(35): 4427–4438
Lewis V, Yanofsky R, Mitchell D et al. (2014) Predictors and outcomes of viridans group streptococcal infections in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: from the canadian infections in AML Research Group. Pediatr Infect Dis J 33: 126–129
Ljung R (2007) The risk associated with indwelling catheters in children with haemophilia. Br J Haematol 138: 580–586
Maiefski M, Rupp ME, Hermsen ED (2009) Ethanol lock technique: re view of the literature. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 30: 1096–1108
Mancuso ME, Mannucci PM, Sartori A et al. (2008) Feasibility of prophylaxis and immune tolerance induction regimens in haemophilic children using ful ly implantable central venous catheters. Br J Haematol 141: 689–695
McGrath EJ, Salloum R, Chen X et al. (2011) Short-dwell ethanol lock therapy in children is associated with increased clearance of central line- associated bloodstream infections. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 50: 943–951
McLean TW, Fisher CJ, Snively BM, Chauvenet AR (2005) Central venous lines in children with lesser risk acute lymphoblastic leukemi a: optimal type and timing of placement. J Clin Oncol 23: 3024–3029
Miedema KG, Winter RH, Ammann RA et al. (2013) Bacteria causing bacteremia in pediatric cancer patients presenting with febrile neutropenia – species distribu tion and susceptibility patterns. Support Care Cancer 21: 2417–2426
Miller J, Dalton MK, Duggan C et al. (2014) Going with the flow or swimming against the tide: should chil dren with central venous catheters swim? Nutr Clin Pract 29: 97–109
Munck A, Malbezin S, Bloch J et al. (2004) Follow-up of 452 totally implantable vas cular devices in cystic fibrosis patients. Eur Respir J 23: 430–434
Newman N, Issa A, Greenberg D et al. (2012) Central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections. Pediatr Blood Cancer 59: 410–414
Niederhuber JE, Ensminger W, Gyves JW et al. (1982) Totally implanted venous and arterial access system to replace external catheters in cancer treatment. Surgery 92: 706–712
Onland W, Shin CE, Fustar S et al. (2006) Rushing T, Wong WY. Ethanol-lock technique for persistent bacteremia of long-term intravascular dev ices in pediatric patients. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 160: 1049–1053
Prasad V, Ioannidis JP (2014) Evidence-based de-implementation for contradicted, u nproven, and aspiring healthcare practices. Implement Sci 2014;9: 1
Raad I, Hachem R, Hanna H et al. (2007) Sources and outcome of bloodstream infections in cancer patients: the role of ce ntral venous catheters. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 26: 549–556
Raad I, Kassar R, Ghannam D et al. (2009) Management of the catheter in documented catheter-related coagulasenegative staphyl ococcal bacteremia: remove or retain? Clin Infect Dis 49: 1187–1194
Rajpurkar M, McGrath E, Joyce J et al. (2014) Therapeutic and prophylactic ethanol lock therapy in patients with bleeding disorders. Haemophilia 20: 52–57
Ratnalingham RA, Peckham D, Denton M et al. (2002) Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia in two patients with cystic fibrosis associated with totally implantable venous access devices. J Infect 44: 53–55
Revel-Vilk S, Yacobovich J, Tamary H et al. (2010a) Risk factors for central venous catheter thrombotic complications in children and adolescents with cancer. Cancer 116: 4197–4205
Revel-Vilk S, Menahem M, Stoffer C, Weintraub M (2010b) Post-thrombotic syndrome after central venous catheter removal in childhood cancer survivors is associa ted with a history of obstruction. Pediatr Blood Cancer 55: 153–156
Rinke ML, Milstone AM, Chen AR et al. (2013) Ambulatory pediatric oncology CLABSIs: Ep idemiology and risk factors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 60(11): 1882–1889
Rosenbluth G, Tsang L, Vittinghoff E et al. (2014) Impact of decreased heparin dose for flush-lock of implanted venous access ports in pediatric oncology patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61: 855–858
Rowan CM, Miller KE, Beardsley AL et al. (2013) Alteplase use for malfunctioning central venous catheters correlates with catheter-a ssociated bloodstream infections. Pediatr Crit Care Med 14: 306–309
Royle TJ, Davies RE, Gannon MX (2008) Totally implantable venous access devices – 20 years’ experience of implant ation in cystic fibrosis patients. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 90: 679–684
Schlicht A, Fleischhack G, Herdeis C, Simon A (2009) In vitro investigation of the exposure time necessary to yield a 5 log reduction of clinicall relevant bacteria by a taurolidine containing antimicrobial catheter lock solution. Hygiene & Medizin 34: 343–345
Sexton DJ, Chen LF, Anderson DJ (2010) Current definitions of central line-associated bloodstream infection: is the emperor wearing clothes? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 31: 1286–1289
Shankar KR, Abernethy LJ, Das KS et al. (2002) Magnetic resonance venography in assessing venous patency after multiple venous catheters. J Pediatr Surg 37: 175–179
Simon A, Sofka K, Wiszniewsky G et al. (2006) Wound care with antibacterial honey (Medihoney) in pediatric hematology-oncology. Support Care Cancer 14: 91–97
Simon A, Ammann RA, Wiszniewsky G et al. (2008a) Taurolidine-citrate lock solution (TauroLock™) significantly reduces CVAD-associated Gram positive infections in paediatric cancer patients. BMC Infectious Diseases 8: 102
Simon A, Ammann RA, Bode U et al. (2008b) Nosocomial infections in pediatric cancer patients: results of a prospective surveillance study from 7 University hospitals in Germany and Switzerland. BMC Infect Dis 8: 70
Simon A, Beutel K, Trautmann M et al. (2013a) Evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen zur Anwendung dauerhaft implantierter, zentralvenöser Zugänge in der pädiatrischen Onkologie, 4. Aufl. mhp, Wiesbaden
Simon A, Graf N, Furtwangler R (2013b) Results of a multicentre survey evaluating clinical practice of port and broviac management in paediatric oncology. Klin Padiatr 145–151
Sola JE, Stone MM, Wise B, Colombani PM (1992) Atypical thrombotic and septic complications of totally implantable venous access dev ices in patients with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 14: 239–242
Stucki C, Sautter AM, Favet J, Bonnabry P (2009) Microbial contamination of syringes during preparation: the direct influence of environmental cleanliness and risk manipul ations on end-product quality. Am J Health Syst Pharm 66: 2032–2036
Tan M, Lau J, Guglielmo BJ (2014) Ethanol locks in the prevention and treatment of catheter-related bloodstream infections. Ann Pharmacother 48: 607–615
Teichgraber UK, Pfitzmann R, Hofmann HA (2011) Central venous port systems as an inte gral part of chemotherapy. Dtsch Arztebl Int 108: 147–153; quiz 154
Tercier S, Gapany C, Diezi M et al. (2008) Incidents and complications of totally implanted vascular acce ss devices in children: a prospective study. Patient Saf Surg 2: 30
Toure A, Lauverjat M, Peraldi C et al. (2012) Taurolidine lock solution in the secondary prevention of central venous catheter-associated bloodstream inf ection in home parenteral nutrition patients. Clin Nutr 31: 567–570
Valentine KM (2011) Ethanol lock therapy for catheterassociated blood stream infections in a pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Crit Care Med 12: e292–296
Valentino LA, Ewenstein B, Navickis RJ, Wilkes MM (2004) Central venous access devices in haemophilia. Haemophilia 10: 134–146
Vescia S, Baumgartner AK, Jacobs VR et al. (2008) Management of venous port sy stems in oncology: a review of current evidence. Ann Oncol 19: 9–15
Vonberg RP, Gastmeier P (2007) Hospital-acquired inf ections related to contaminated substances. J Hosp Infect 65: 15–23
Wagner M, Bonhoeffer J, Erb TO et al. (2011) Prospective study on central venous line associated bloodstream infections. Arch Dis Child 96: 827–831
Wallace E, Twomey M, O’Reilly M (2012) Challenges in the management of pediatric central venous access devices in the community. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 29: 446–449
Walser EM (2012) Venous access ports: indications, implantation technique, fo llow-up, and complications. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 35: 751–764
Wesenberg F, Flaatten H, Janssen CW Jr (1993) Central venous catheter with subcutaneous injection port (Port-A-Cath): 8 years clinical follow up with children. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 10: 233–239
Wolf J, Shenep JL, Clifford V et al. (2013) Ethanol lock therapy i n pediatric hematology and oncology. Pediatr Blood Cancer 60: 18–25
Yeoh ZH, Furmedge J, Ekert J et al. (2013) Central venous access device-related infections in patients with haemophilia. J Paediatr Child Health 49: 242–245
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Simon, A. (2016). Portanwendung in der pädiatrischen Onkologie. In: Hennes, R., Hofmann, H. (eds) Ports. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43641-7_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43641-7_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-43640-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-43641-7
eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)