Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Tymbal: Evolution of a Complex Vibration-Producing Organ in the Tymbalia (Hemiptera excl. Sternorrhyncha)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Studying Vibrational Communication

Part of the book series: Animal Signals and Communication ((ANISIGCOM,volume 3))

Abstract

The tymbal is the most complex sound- and vibration-producing organ in arthropods. The tymbal organ was first described from cicadas which use it to produce sound levels of more than 100 dB. Subsequently, it was discovered that leaf- and planthoppers, as well as true bugs and moss bugs, communicate by substrate-borne vibrations, which are also produced by tymbal-like organs. We suggest the name Tymbalia for the taxon comprising Cicadomorpha, Fulgoromorpha, and Heteropteroidea (i.e., Hemiptera exclusive of Sternorrhyncha) based on the possession of a tymbal apparatus as an autapomorphic character. While our knowledge of the hoppers’ and bugs’ “silent songs” is still patchy, vibrational communication is obviously used ubiquitously in the Tymbalia and we hypothesize a common origin for the vibration-producing apparatus more than 300 Mya.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aidley DJ (1969) Sound production in a Brazilian cicada. J Exp Biol 51:325–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Aiken RG (1982) Sound production and mating in a waterboatman, Palmacorixa nana (Heteroptera: Corixidae). Anim Behav 30:54–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Akingbohungbe AE (1979) A new genus and four new species of Hyaliodinae (Heteroptera: Miridae) from Africa with comments on the status of the subfamily. Rev Zool Afr 93:500–522

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander RD (1968) Arthropods. In: Sebeok TA (ed) Animal communication: techniques of study and results of research. Indiana UP, Bloomington, London, pp 167–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander RD, Moore TE (1958) Studies on the acoustical behavior of seventeen-year cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada). Ohio J Sci 58:107–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander RD, Moore TE (1962) The evolutionary relationships of 17-year and 13-year cicadas, and three new species (Homoptera, Cicadidae, Magicicada). Misc Publ Mus Zool Univ Michigan 121:1–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Amon T (1990) Electrical brain stimulation elicits singing in the bug Nezara viridula. Naturwissenschaften 77:291–292

    Google Scholar 

  • Amon T, Čokl A (1990) Transmission of the vibratory song of the bug Nezara viridula (Pentatomidae, Heteroptera) on the Hedera helix plant. Scopolia Suppl 1:133–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Asche M (1985) Zur Phylogenie der Delphacidae Leach, 1815 (Homoptera, Cicadina, Fulgoromorpha). Marburg Entomol Publ II(1):1–910

    Google Scholar 

  • Ashlock PD, Lattin JD (1963) Stridulatory mechanisms in the Lygaeidae, with a new American genus of Orsillinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Ann Entomol Soc Am 56:693–703

    Google Scholar 

  • Au EC (1969) The taxonomic value of the metathoracic wing in the Scutelleridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). MA Thesis, Oregon State University

    Google Scholar 

  • Ball R (1845) On the noises produced by one of the Notonectidae. Rep Brit Assoc 15:64–65

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennet-Clark HC, Young D (1992) A model of the mechanism of sound production in cicadas. J Exp Biol 173:123–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennet-Clark HC, Young D (1998) Sound radiation by the bladder cicada Cystosoma saundersii. J Exp Biol 201:701–715

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boulard M (2006) Acoustic signals, diversity and behavior of cicadas (Cicadidae, Hemiptera). In: Drosopoulos S, Claridge MF (eds) Insect sounds and communication: physiology, behaviour, ecology and evolution. Taylor & Francis, New York, pp 331–349

    Google Scholar 

  • Breml H (1849) Übersicht der schweizerischen Rhynchoten. Mitt nat Ges Zürich 34:325–339

    Google Scholar 

  • Burckhardt D (2009) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Gondwanan moss bugs or Peloridiidae (Hemiptera, Coleorrhyncha). Deut Entomol Z 56:173–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Burckhardt D, Bochud E, Damgaard J, Gibbs GW, Hartung V, Larivière M-C, Wyniger D, Zürcher I (2011) A review of the moss bug genus Xenophyes (Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha: Peloridiidae) from New Zealand: systematics and biogeography. Zootaxa 2923:1–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlet MG (1877) Mémoire sur l’appareil musical de la cigale. Ann Sci Nat 6th Ser Zool 5:1–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Casserius I (1600/1601) De vocis auditusque organis historia anatomica singulari fide methodo ac industria concinnata tractatibus duobus explicata ac variis iconibus aere excusis illustrata. 2 vols. Vittorio Baldini, Ferrariae (Ferrara)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman GB (2005) A light and transmission electron microscope study of some cells and tissues associated with the tymbal muscle of a periodical cicada (Homoptera, Cicadidae). Invertebr Biol 124:321–331

    Google Scholar 

  • China WE (1946) New Cryptostemmatidae from Trinidad. Proc Ent Soc London B 15:148

    Google Scholar 

  • Claridge MF (1985) Acoustic signals in the Homoptera: behavior, taxonomy, and evolution. Annu Rev Entomol 30:297–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Claridge MF, Nixon GA (1986) Oncopsis flavicollis (L.) associated with tree birches (Betula): a complex of biological species or a host plant utilization polymorphism? Biol J Linn Soc 27:381–397

    Google Scholar 

  • Claridge MF, Morgan JC, Moulds MS (1999) Substrate-transmitted acoustic signals of the primitive cicada, Tettigarcta crinita Distant (Hemiptera Cicadoidea, Tettigarctidae). J Nat Hist 33:1831–1834

    Google Scholar 

  • Cocroft RB, DeLuca PA (2006) The influence of size on variation in the plant-borne vibrational signals of insects. In: Drosopoulos S, Claridge MF (eds) Insect sounds and communication: physiology, behaviour, ecology and evolution. Taylor & Francis, New York, pp 99–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Cocroft RB, McNett GD (2006) Vibratory communication in treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae). In: Drosopoulos S, Claridge MF (eds) Insect sounds and communication: physiology, behaviour, ecology and evolution. Taylor & Francis, New York, pp 305–317

    Google Scholar 

  • Čokl A (1985) Problems of sound communication in a land bug species Nezara viridula L. (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). In: Kalmring K, Elsner (eds). Acoustic and vibrational communication in insects. Paul Parey, Berlin, pp 163–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Čokl A, Virant-Doberlet M (2003) Communication with substrate-borne signals in small plant-dwelling insects. Annu Rev Entomol 48:29–50

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Čokl A, Gogala M, Jez M (1972) The analysis of the acoustic signals of the bug Nezara viridula. Biol Vestnik (Ljubljana) 20:47–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Conner WE (1999) ‘Un chant d’appel amoureux’: Acoustic communication in moths. J Exp Biol 202:1711–1723

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conner WE, Corcoran AJ (2012) Sound strategies: the 65-million-year-old battle between bats and insects. Annu Rev Entomol 57:21–39

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corcoran AJ, Barber JR, Conner WE (2009) Tiger moth jams bat sonar. Science 325:325–327

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cui Y, Xie Q, Hua J, Dang K, Zhou J, Liu X, Wang G, Yu X, Bu W (2013) Phylogenomics of Hemiptera (Insecta: Paraneoptera) based on mitochondrial genomes. Syst Entomol 38:233–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Darwin C (1871) The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex, 1st edn. John Murray, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Dolling WR (1995) The identity of ‘Cicada longicornis Poda’ (Hem., Nabidae). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 131:113

    Google Scholar 

  • Drake CJ, Hottes FC (1951) Stridulatory organs in Saldidae. Great Basin Nat 11:43–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Drosopoulos S, Claridge MF (2006) Insect sounds and communication: physiology, behaviour, ecology, and evolution. CRC (Taylor & Francis), Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Dupuis C (1953) Notes, remarques et observations diverses sur les Hémiptères Note VI—Appareil stridulatoire et stridulation des Cydnidae et Tessaratomidae (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae). Cahiers des Naturalistes, Bulletin des N.P. n.s. 8:25–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Emelyanov AF (1987) Филoгeния цикaдoвыx (Homoptera, Cicadina) пo cpaвнитeльнo-мopфoлoгичecким дaнным [The phylogeny of Cicadina based on comparative morphological data.] Tp BЭO [Trudy Vsesoyuznogo Entomologicheskogo Obshchestva] 69:19–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans JW (1941) The morphology of Tettigarcta tomentosa White (Homoptera, Cicadidae). Pap P Roy Soc Tasmania 1940:36–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans JW (1946) A natural classification of leaf-hoppers (Homoptera, Jassoidea). Part 2: Aetalionidae, Hylicidae, Eurymelidae. T Roy Ent Soc Lond 97:39–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans JW (1957) Some aspects of the morphology and inter-relationships of extinct and recent Homoptera. T Roy Ent Soc London 109:275–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Fallén CF (1829) Hemiptera Sveciæ. Sectio prior, Hemelytrata. Cimicides eorumque familiæ affines. Berling, Lund

    Google Scholar 

  • Felici G (1724) Lettera del Sig. Dott. Giovambatista Felici, Fiorentino, intorno al canto delle cicale, scritta l’anno 1717, al Sig. Dott. Pascasio Giannetti, Lettore ordinario di medicina, nell’ universita di Pisa. Giornale De’ Letterati d’Italia (Venezia) XXXVI:56–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenton MB, Roeder KD (1974) The microtymbals of some Arctiidae. J Lepid Soc 28:205–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Finke C (1968) Lautäußerungen und Verhalten von Sigara striata und Callicorixa praeusta (Corixidae Leach., Hydrocorisae Latr.). J Comp Physiol 58:398–422

    Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher NH, Hill KG (1978) Acoustics of sound production and of hearing in the Bladder cicada Cystosoma saundersii (Westwood). J Exp Biol 72:43–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Fonseca PJ, Serrão EA, Pina-Martins F, Silva P, Mira S, Quartau JA, Paulo OS, Cancela L (2008) The evolution of cicada songs contrasted with the relationships inferred from mitochondrial DNA (Insecta, Hemiptera). Bioacoustics 18:17–34

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbes WTM, Franclemont JG (1957) The striated band (Lepidoptera, chiefly Arctiidae). Lep News 11:147–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Forero D (2008) The systematics of the Hemiptera. Rev Colomb Entomol 34:1–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Fullard JH, Fenton MB, Simmons JA (1979) Jamming bat echolocation: the clicks of arctiid moths. Can J Zool 57:647–649

    Google Scholar 

  • Franz PU (1978) Zum Lauterzeugungsmechanismus der Zikaden (Homoptera-Cicadina)—ein funktionsmorphologischer Vergleich. Verh Dtsch Zool Ges 1978:158

    Google Scholar 

  • Fruhstorfer H (1902) [Siamese cicada-clapper.] Berl Entomol Z, Sber 47:(28)

    Google Scholar 

  • George CJ (1933) A suspected sound producing organ in Empoasca devastans. J Univ Bombay 1:54–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Giard MA (1889) Sur la castration parasitaire des Typhlocyba par une larve d’Hyménoptère (Aphelopus melaleucus Dalm.) et par une larve de Diptère (Atelenevra spuria Meig.). C R Acad Sci (Paris) 109:708–710

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogala M (1969) Die akustische Kommunikation bei der Wanze Tritomegas bicolor (L.) (Heteroptera, Cydnidae). Z Vergl Physiol 63:379–391

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogala M (1970) Artspezifität der Lautäußerungen bei Erdwanzen (Heteroptera, Cydnidae). Z Vergl Physiol 70:20–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogala M (1984) Vibration producing structures and songs of terrestrial Heteroptera as systematic character. Biol Vestnik (Ljubljana) 32:19–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogala M (1985a) Vibrational communication in insects (Biophysical and behavioural aspects). In: Kalmring K, Elsner (eds) Acoustic and vibrational communication in insects. Paul Parey, Berlin, Hamburg, pp 117–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogala M (1985b) Vibrational songs of land bugs and their production. In: Kalmring K, Elsner (eds) Acoustic and vibrational communication in insects. Paul Parey, Berlin, Hamburg, pp 143–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogala M (1986) Structures producing vibrational signals in Heteroptera. Proceedings 2nd international congress Rhynchota Balkan, Microlimni, Greece, pp 47–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogala M (1988) Vibrational structures and signals in land bugs and Auchenorrhyncha: differences and similarities. In: Vidano C, Arzone A (eds) 6th Auchenorrhyncha meeting Turin, Italy. Cosiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, pp 327

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogala M (1990) Distribution of low frequency vibrational songs in local Heteroptera. Scopolia Suppl 1:125–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogala M (2006) Vibratory signals produced by Heteroptera—Pentatomorpha and Cimicomorpha. In: Drosopoulos S, Claridge MF (eds) Insect sounds and communication: physiology, behaviour, ecology and evolution. Taylor & Francis, New York, pp 275–295

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogala M, Čokl A (1983) The acoustic behavior of the bug Phymata crassipes (F.) (Heteroptera). Rev Can Biol Exptl 42:249–256

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogala M, Trilar T (2003) Video analysis of wing clicking in cicadas of the genera Cicadatra and Pagiphora (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadoidea). Acta Entomol Sloven 11:5–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogala M, Trilar T, Kozina U, Duffels H (2004) Frequency modulated song of the cicada Maua albigutta (Walker 1856) (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadoidea) from South East Asia. Scopolia 54:1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogala M, Čokl A, Drašlar K, Blaževič A (1974) Substrate-borne sound communication in Cydnidae. J Comp Physiol 94:25–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Gogala M, Popov AV, Ribarič D (1996) Bioacoustics of singing cicadas of the Western Palaearctic: Cicadetta tibialis (Panzer) (Cicadoidea: Tibicinidae). Acta Entomol Sloven 4:45–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Grazia J, Schuh RT, Wheeler WC (2008) Phylogenetic relationships of family groups in Pentatomoidea based on morphology and DNA sequences (Insecta: Heteroptera). Cladistics 24:1–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Groot AT, van der Wal E, Schuurman A, Visser JH, Blommers LHM, Van Beek TA (1998) Copulation behaviour of Lygocoris pabulinus under laboratory conditions. Entomol Exp Appl 88:219–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagiwara S (1953) Neuro-muscular transmission in insects. Jpn J Physiol 3:284–296

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hagiwara S, Ogura K (1960) Analysis of songs of Japanese cicadas. J Insect Physiol 5:259–263

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagiwara S, Watanabe A (1954) Action potential of insect muscle examined with intracellular electrode. Jpn J Physiol 4:65–78

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haldeman SS (1848) A new organ of sound in Lepidoptera. Am J Sci Arts V:435

    Google Scholar 

  • Handlirsch A (1900a) Zur Kenntnis der Stridulationsorgane bei den Rhynchoten. Ann K-K Naturhist Hofmus Wien 15:127–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Handlirsch A (1900b) Neue Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Stridulationsorgane bei den Rhynchoten. Verh K-K Zool-Bot Ges Wien 50:555–560

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartung V (2007) Investigations of internal anatomy of Hackeriella veitchi (Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha: Peloridiidae) pertaining to some newly discovered behavioural traits. Diploma thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Haße A (1974) Lauterzeugungsmechanismus und Lautrezeption von Kleinzikaden. Naturwissenschaften 61:81–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Haskell PT (1957) Stridulation and its analysis in certain Geocorisae (Hemiptera Heteroptera). P Zool Soc Lond 129:351–358

    Google Scholar 

  • Haskell PT (1961) Insect sounds. HF and G Witherby Ltd, London, p 189

    Google Scholar 

  • Heady SE, Nault LR (1991) Acoustic signals of Graminella nigrifrons (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Great Lakes Entomol 24:9–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Heady SE, Nault LR, Shambaugh GF, Fairchild L (1986) Acoustic and mating behavior of Dalbulus leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 79:727–736

    Google Scholar 

  • Hennig RM, Weber T, Huber E, Kleindienst H-U (1993) A new function for an old structure: the “timbal muscle” in cicada females. Naturwissenschaften 80:324–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Hennig RM, Weber T, Moore TE, Huber F, Kleindienst H-U, Popov AV (1994) Function of the tensor muscle in the cicada Tibicen linnei. J Exp Biol 187:33–44

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hennig W (1969) Die Stammesgeschichte der Insekten. W. Kramer, Frankfurt/M

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoch H, Wessel A (2006) Communication by substrate-borne vibrations in cave planthoppers. In: Drosopoulos S, Claridge MF (eds) Insect sounds and communication: physiology, behaviour, ecology and evolution. Taylor & Francis, New York, pp 187–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoch H, Deckert J, Wessel A (2006) Vibrational signalling in a Gondwanan relict insect (Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha: Peloridiidae). Biol Lett 2:222–224

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoch H, Wessel A, Asche M, Baum D, Beckmann F, Bräunig P, Ehrig K, Mühlethaler R, Riesemeier H, Staude A, Stelbrink B, Wachmann E, Weintraub P, Wipfler B, Wolff C, Zilch M (2014) Non-sexual abdominal appendages in adult insects challenge a 300 million years old bauplan. Curr Biol 24:R16–R17

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes DR, Nuttall AH, Katz RA, Carter GC (2009) Nonlinear acoustics in cicada mating calls enhance sound propagation. J Acoust Soc Am 125:958–967

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hungerford HB (1924) Stridulation of Buenoa limnocastoris Hungerford and systematic notes on the Buenoa of the Douglas Lake region of Michigan, with the description of a new form. Ann Entomol Soc Am 17:223–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Hungerford HB (1929) A new Velia from Peru. Hemiptera Veliidae. Entomologisk Tidskrift 50:146–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt RE (1993) Role of vibrational signals in mating behavior of Spissistilus festinus (Homoptera: Membracidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 86:356–361

    Google Scholar 

  • ICS—International Commission on Stratigraphy (2013) International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2013/01. http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2013-01.pdf

  • Jacobi A (1907) Ein Schrillapparat bei Singcicaden. Zool Anz 32:67–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansson A (1971) Stridulation and its significance in the waterbug genus Cenocorixa. PhD thesis, Univ British Columbia, Vancouver

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansson A (1972) Mechanisms of sound production and morphology of the stridulatory apparatus in the genus Cenocorixa (Hemiptera, Corixidae). Ann Zool Fennici 9:120–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan KHC (1958a) Die Biologie von Elasmucha grisea L. (Heteroptera: Acanthosomidae). Beitr Entomol 8:385–397

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan KHC (1958b) Lautäußerungen bei den Hemipteren-Familien der Cydnidae, Pentatomidae und Acanthosomidae. Zool Anz 161:130–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Josephson RK, Young D (1979) Body temperature and singing in the Bladder cicada, Cystosoma saundersii. J Exp Biol 80:69–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanmiya K (2006) Mating behavior and vibratory signals in whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). In: Drosopoulos S, Claridge MF (eds) Insect sounds and communication: physiology, behaviour, ecology and evolution. Taylor & Francis, New York, pp 365–379

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanmiya K (1996a) Discovery of male acoustic sounds in the Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariourum (Westwood) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Appl Entomol Zool 31:255–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanmiya K (1996b) Discovery of male acoustic sounds in whitefly genera, Bemisia, Trialeurodes and Pealius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Proc XX Int Congr Entomol 1996:475

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkaldy GW (1906) Leaf-hoppers and their natural enemies. Report of work of the experimental station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association I:271–479

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkaldy GW (1907) Leaf-hoppers—supplement (Hemiptera). Report of work of the experimental station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association III:1–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Koga T, Hayashi K (1991) Territorial behavior of both sexes in the water strider Metrocoris histrio (Hemiptera: Gerridae) during the mating season. J Insect Behav 6:65–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Kukalová-Peck J (1991) Fossil history and the evolution of hexapod structures. In: Nauman ID, Carne PB, Lawrence JF, Nielsen ES, Spradbery JP, Taylor RW, Whitten MJ, Littlejohn MJ (eds) The insects of Australia: a textbook for students and research workers, 2nd edn. Cornell Univ Press, Ithaca

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuštor V (1989) Aktivnost mišic pri vibracijskem organu stenice Nezara viridula (L.). [Activity of vibratory organ muscles in the bug Nezara viridula (L.)] MsD thesis, University of Ljubljana

    Google Scholar 

  • Laboulbène A (1864) Sur l’organe musical de la Chelonia pudica. Ann Soc Ent Fr 4:689–704

    Google Scholar 

  • Landois H (1867) Die Ton- und Stimmapparate der Insecten in anatomisch-physiologischer und akustischer Beziehung. Z Wiss Zool 17:104–184

    Google Scholar 

  • Landois H (1872) Ueber ein dem sogenannten Tonapparat der Cikaden analoges Organ bei den hiesigen Gryllen. Z Wiss Zool 22:348354

    Google Scholar 

  • Landois H (1874) Thierstimmen. Herder’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Freiburg i. Br

    Google Scholar 

  • Lataste F (1895) Un procédé pour capturer les Cigales. Feuil Jeu Nat 25:157–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Lattin JD (1958) A stridulatory mechanism in Arhaphe cicindeloides Walker (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae). Pan-Pac Entomol 34:217–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazzari CR, Manrique G, Schilman PE (2006) Vibratory communication in Triatominae (Heteroptera). In: Drosopoulos S, Claridge MF (eds) Insect sounds and communication: physiology, behaviour, ecology and evolution. Taylor & Francis, New York, pp 297–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Lepori C (1869) Nuove ricerche anatomiche e fisiologiche sopra l’organo sonoro delle cigale. Boll Soc Entomol Ital 1:221–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Leston D (1954) Strigils and stridulation in Pentatomoidea (Hem.): Some new data and a review. Ent Month Mag 90:49–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Leston D (1957) The stridulatory mechanisms in terrestrial species of Hemiptera Heteroptera. P Zool Soc Lond 128:369–386

    Google Scholar 

  • Leston D, Pringle JWS (1963a) Acoustical behaviour of Hemiptera. In: Busnel R-G (ed) Acoustic behaviour of animals. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 391–411

    Google Scholar 

  • Leston D, Pringle JWS (1963b) Addendum to Chapter 14 (Acoustical behaviour of Hemiptera). In: Busnel R-G (ed) Acoustic behaviour of animals. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 798–799

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd Morgan C (1880) Note on the “Singerjie” (Platypleura capensis). Trans South Afr Phil Soc 1:161–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd Morgan C (1886) On the sound-producing apparatus of the cicada. Nature 33:368–369

    Google Scholar 

  • MacNally R, Young D (1980) Song energetics of the bladder cicada, Cystosoma saundersii. J Exp Biol 90:185–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Malouf NSR (1932) The skeletal motor mechanism of the thorax of the “stink bug”, Nezara viridula L. Bull Soc Roy Entomol D’Égypte 16:161–203

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer P (1877) Der Tonapparat der Zikaden. Z Wiss Zool (Leipzig) 28:79–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Mebes H-D (1974) Zur Biophysik der Schallerzeugung bei Kleinzikaden—The biophysics of sound production of leafhoppers. Forma et Functio 7:95–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Michelsen A, Nocke H (1974) Biophysical aspects of sound communication in insects. Adv Insect Physiol 10:247–296

    Google Scholar 

  • Michelsen A, Fink F, Gogala M, Traue D (1982) Plants as transmission channels for insect vibrational songs. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 11:269–281

    Google Scholar 

  • von Mitis H (1936) Zur Biologie der Corixiden. Stridulation. Z Morphol Ökol Tiere 30:479–495

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitomi M, Ichikawa T, Okamoto H (1984) Morphology of the vibration-producing organ in adult rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Appl Ent Zool 19:407–417

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore TE (1961) Audiospectrographic analysis of sounds of Hemiptera and Homoptera. Ann Entomol Soc Am 54:273–291

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore TE (1962) Acoustical behavior of the cicada Fidicina pronoe (Walker) (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Ohio J Sci 62:113–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers JG (1929) Insect singers. G Routledge & Sons, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Nahirney PC, Forbes JG, Morris HD, Chock SC, Wang K (2006) What the buzz was all about: superfast song muscles rattle the tymbals of male periodical cicadas. FASEB J 20:2017–2026

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nel A, Roques P, Nel P, Prokin AA, Bourgoin T, Prokop J, Szwedo J, Azar D, Desutter-Grandcolas L, Wappler T, Garrouste R, Coty D, Huang D, Engel MS, Kirejtshuk AG (2013) The earliest known holometabolous insects. Nature 503:257–261

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Numata H, Kon M, Fujii H, Hidaka T (1989) Sound production in the bean bug Riptortus clavatus Thunberg (Heteroptera: Alydidae). Appl Entomol Zool 24:169–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Ossiannilsson F (1946) On the sound-production and the sound-producing organ in Swedish Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha (A Preliminary Note). Opusc Entomol XI:82–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Ossiannilsson F (1948) On the sound-production of the females of certain auchenorrhynchous Homoptera. Ent Tidskr (Stockholm) 69:125–126

    Google Scholar 

  • Ossiannilsson F (1949) Insect drummers. A study on the morphology and function of the sound-producing organ of Swedish Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha with notes on their sound-production. Opusc Entomol Suppl 10:1–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Ossiannilsson F (1950) Sound-production in psyllids (Hem. Hom.). Opusc Entomol 15:202

    Google Scholar 

  • Paoli G (1930) Caratteri diagnostici delle Empoasca e descrizione di nuove specie. Atti Soc Tosc Sci Nat Proc Verb 39:64–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Paoli G (1933) Specie nuove di Empoasca (Hemiptera-omoptera), e appunti di corologia. Mem Soc Entomol Ital 11:109–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Penzlin H (1991) Lehrbuch der Tierphysiologie, 5th edn. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena

    Google Scholar 

  • Percy DM, Boyd EA, Hoddle MS (2008) Observations of acoustic signaling in three sharpshooters: Homalodisca vitripennis, Homalodisca liturata, and Graphocephala atropunctata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 101:253–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Poos FW (1933) Four new species of Empoasca (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Proc Ent Soc Wash 35:174–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Poda N (1761) Insecta Musei Græcensis, quæ in ordines, genera et species juxta systema naturæ Caroli Linnæi digessit. Græcii: Widmanstad

    Google Scholar 

  • Popov AV, Beganović A, Gogala M (1997) Bioacoustics of singing cicadas of the Western Palaearctic: Tettigetta brullei (Fieber, 1876) (Cicadoidea: Tibicinidae). Acta Entomol Sloven 5:89–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Pringle JWS (1953) Physiology of song in cicadas. Nature 172:248–249

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pringle JWS (1954) A physiological analysis of cicada song. J Exp Biol 31:525–560

    Google Scholar 

  • Pringle JWS (1957) The structure and evolution of the organs of sound-production in cicadas. Proc Linn Soc London 167:144–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Pringle JWS (1965) Locomotion: flight. In: Rockstein M (ed) The physiology of insects, vol II. Academic Press, New York, pp 283–329

    Google Scholar 

  • Puranik PG, Ahmed A, Siddiqui MA (1981) The mechanism of sound production in the pentatomid bug Tessaratoma javanica Thunberg. Proc Ind Acad Sci 90:173–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Ray J (1710) Historia insectorum. Opus posthumum Jussu Regiæ Societatis Londinensis Editum. Cui subjungitur appendix de scarabæis Britannicis, autore M. Lister S. R. S. ex Mss. Musæi Ashmolæani. A. & J. Churchill, Londini

    Google Scholar 

  • Réaumur R-AF de (1740) Mémoires pour servir à l’Histoire des Insectes. Tom. V. Suite de l’Histoire des Mouches à deux aîles, et l’Histoire de plusieurs Mouches à quatre aîles, sçavoir, des Mouches à Scies, des Cigales, et des Abeilles. Imprimerie royale, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribaut H (1936) Homoptères Auchénorhynques. I (Typhlocybidae). Faune de France, vol 31. P. Lechevalier, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross HH (1965) A textbook of entomology, 3rd edn. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Saxena KN, Kumar H (1984) Acoustic communication in the sexual behavior of the leafhopper Amrasca devastans. Physiol Entomol 9:77–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer C (1980) The sound-producing structures of some primitive Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). J New York Entomol Soc 88:230–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer CW, Pupedis RJ (1981) A stridulatory device in certain Alydinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Alydidae. J Kans Entomol Soc 54:143–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Schuh RT, Slater JA (1974) True bugs of the world (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London

    Google Scholar 

  • Senter P (2008) Voices of the past: a review of Paleozoic and Mesozoic animal sounds. Hist Biol 20:255–287

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw KC (1976) Sounds and associated behavior of Agallia constricta and Agalliopsis novella (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae). J Kans Entomol Soc 49:1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw KC, Vargo A, Carlson OV (1974) Sounds and associated behaviour of some species of Empoasca (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). J Kans Entomol Soc 47:284–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmons P, Young D (1978) The tymbal mechanism and song pattern of the Bladder cicada, Cystosoma saundersii. J Exp Biol 76:27–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Skals N, Surlykke A (1999) Sound production by abdominal tymbal organs in two moth species: the green silver-line and the scarce silver-line (Noctuoidea: Nolidae: Chloephorinae). J Exp Biol 202:2937–2949

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith JW, Georghiou GP (1972) Morphology of the tymbal organ of the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus. Ann Entomol Soc Am 65:221–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Smyth T, Smith JO III (2003) A musical controller inspired by the cicada’s efficient buckling mechanism. J New Music Res 32:361–368

    Google Scholar 

  • Song N, Liang A-P, Bu C-P (2012) A molecular phylogeny of Hemiptera inferred from mitochondrial genome sequences. PLoS One 7:e48778

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soulier-Perkins A, Sueur J, Hoch A (2007) Substrate-borne acoustic production: first record for an Australian Lophopid (Hemiptera, Lophopidae) and test of its historical use within Hemiptera. Aust J Entomol 46:129–132

    Google Scholar 

  • Stokes DR, Josephson RK (2004) Power and control muscles of cicada song: structural and contractile heterogeneity. J Comp Physiol A 190:279–290

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stölting H, Moore TE, Lakes-Harlan R (2002) Substrate vibrations during acoustic signalling in the cicada Okanagana rimosa. J Insect Sci 2:1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Strauß J, Lakes-Harlan R (2014) Evolutionary and phylogenetic origins of tympanal hearing organs in insects. In: Hedwig B (ed) Insect hearing and acoustic communication. Springer, Berlin, pp 5–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Strong FE, Sheldahl JA, Hughes PR, Hussein EMK (1970) Reproductive biology of Lygus hesperus Knight. Hilgardia 40:105–143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strübing H (1958) Lautäusserungen—der entscheidende Faktor für das Zusammenfinden der Geschlechter bei Kleinzikaden (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha): Vorläufige Mitteilung. Zool Beitr NF 4: 15–21 [for English translation see Chap. 5, this volume]

    Google Scholar 

  • Strübing H (1960) Paarungsverhalten und Lautäusserung von Kleinzikaden, demonstriert an Beispielen aus der Familie der Delphacidae (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha). Proc Int Congr Entomol Wien 11:12–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Strübing H (1963) Lautäusserungen von Euscelis-Bastarden (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha). Verh Dtsch Zool Ges Stuttgart 57:268–281

    Google Scholar 

  • Strübing H (1977) Lauterzeugung ode Substratvibration als Kommunikationsmittel bei Klein-zikaden? Diskutiert am Beispiel von Dictyophara europaea (Homoptera, Cicadina: Fulgoro-idea). Zool Beitr NF 23:323–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Strübing H (1999) Anmerkungen zu den Vibrationssignalen von Stictocephala bisonia KOPP et YONKE und Dictyophara europaea (L.) (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadomorpha et Fulgoromorpha: Membracidae et Dictyopharidae). Reichenbachia 33:63–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Strübing H, Schwarz-Mittelstaedt G (1986) The vibratory membranes in the genus Euscelis. In: Proceedigngs of 2nd International Congress Rhynchota Balkan, Microlimni, pp 49–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Štys P (1961) The stridulatory mechanism in Centrocoris spiniger (F.) and some other Coreidae (Heteroptera). Acta Entomol Mus Nat Prag 34:427–431

    Google Scholar 

  • Štys P (1964) Thaumastellidae—a new family of pentatomoid Heteroptera. Acta Soc Entomol Cechoslov 61:238–253

    Google Scholar 

  • Štys P (1966) Revision of the genus Dayakiella Horv. and notes on its systematic position (Heteroptera, Colobathristidae). Acta Bohemoslov 63:27–39

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweet MH (1996) Comparative external morphology of the pregenital abdomen of the Hemiptera. In: Schaefer CW (ed) Studies on Hemipteran phylogeny. Thomas Say Publications in entomology: proceedings. Entomological Society of America, Lanham/MD, pp 119–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Sueur J (2001) Audiospectrographical analysis of cicada sound production: a catalogue (Hemiptera, Cicadidae). Deut Entomol Z 48:33–51

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorpe KV, Harrington BJ (1981) Sound production and courtship behavior in the seed bug Ligyrocoris diffusus. Ann Entomol Soc Am 74:369–373

    Google Scholar 

  • Tishechkin DY (1997) Calling signals emitted by males of Cixiidae (Homoptera: Cicadinea) as compared with acoustic signals of some other Fulgoroidea (Homoptera, Cicadinea, Fulgoroidea). Entomol Rev 77:1070–1077

    Google Scholar 

  • Tishechkin DY (1998) Acoustic signals of Issidae (Homoptera, Cicadinea, Fulgoroidea) compared with signals of some other Fulgoroidea and notes on taxonomic status of the subfamily Caliscelinae. Entomol Rev 78:884–892

    Google Scholar 

  • Tishechkin DY (2000) Vibrational communication in Aphrodinae leafhoppers (Deltocephalinae auct., Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and related groups with notes on classification of higher taxa. Russ Entomol J 9:1–66

    Google Scholar 

  • Tishechkin DY (2001) Vibrational communication in Cicadellinae sensu lato and Typhlocybinae leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) with notes on classification of higher taxa. Russ Entomol J 9:283–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Tishechkin DY (2002) Review of the Species of the Genus Macropsis Lewis, 1834 (Homoptera, Cicadellidae, Macropsinae) from European Russia and Adjacent Territories. Russ Entomol J 11:123–184

    Google Scholar 

  • Tishechkin DY (2003) Vibrational communication in Cercopoidea and Fulgoroidea (Homoptera: Cicadina) with notes on classification of higher taxa. Russ Entomol J 12:129–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Tishechkin DY (2005) The description of vibrational signals of Anoterostemma ivanoffi Homoptera, Cicadellidae with notes on taxonomic position of the tribe Anoterostemmatini. Entomol Rev 85:1039–1044

    Google Scholar 

  • Tishechkin DY (2006) Vibratory communication in Psylloidea (Hemiptera). In: Drosopoulos S, Claridge MF (eds) Insect sounds and communication: physiology, behaviour, ecology and evolution. Taylor & Francis, New York, pp 357–363

    Google Scholar 

  • Tishechkin DY (2008) On the similarity of temporal pattern of vibrational calling signals in different species of Fulgoroidea (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Russ Entomol J 17:349–357

    Google Scholar 

  • Tishechkin DY (2011) Calling signals in sympatric species of the far-eastern Aphrophora (Homoptera: Auchenorrhnyncha: Aphrophoridae): regularities of communication channel segregation. Russ Entomol J 20:31–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Todd JW (1989) Ecology and behavior of Nezara viridula. Ann Rev Entomol 34:273–292

    Google Scholar 

  • de la Torre-Bueno JR (1903) A day’s collecting in February. Can Entomol 35:123–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Traue D (1978) Zur Biophysik der Schallabstrahlung bei Kleinzikaden am Beispiel von Euscelis incisus Kb. (Homoptera-Cicadina: Jassidae). Zool Beitr NF 24:155–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Trilar T, Gogala M (2007) The song structure of Cicadetta podolica (Eichwald, 1830) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae). Acta Entomol Sloven 15:5–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Usinger RL (1954) A new genus of Aradidae from the Belgian Congo, with notes on stridulatory mechanisms in the family. Ann Mus Congo Tervuren (Zool) 1:540–543

    Google Scholar 

  • Usinger RL, Matsuda R (1959) Classification of the Aradidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). British Museum (N.H.), London

    Google Scholar 

  • Varley GC (1939) Unusual methods of stridulation in a cicada (Clidophleps distanti (Van D.)) and a grasshopper (Oedaleonotus fuscipes Scud.) in California. Proc Roy Entomol Soc Lond A 14:97–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Virant-Doberlet M, Žežlina I (2007) Vibrational communication of Metcalfa pruinosa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Flatidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 100:73–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel R (1921) Bericht über ein Gehörorgan bei Singzikaden. Naturwissenschaften 9:427–431

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogel R (1923) Über ein tympanales Sinnesorgan, das mutmassliche Hörorgan der Singzikaden. Z Anat Entwickl-gesch, Abt 1(67):190–231

    Google Scholar 

  • Vondráček K (1949) Příspěvek k poznání zvukového ústrojí u samcu křísu / Contribution to the knowledge of the sound-producing apparatus in the males of the leafhoppers (Homoptera-Auchenorrhyncha). Acta Acad Sci Nat Moravo-siles (Brno) 21(8):1–36

    Google Scholar 

  • von Dohlen CD, Moran NA (1995) Molecular phylogeny of the Homoptera: a paraphyletic taxon. J Mol Evol 41:211–223

    Google Scholar 

  • Voskresenskaya AK, Svidersky VL (1960) The role of the central and sympathetic nervous system in the function of the tymbal muscles of cicadas. J Insect Physiol 6:26–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Wakabayashi T, Hagiwara S (1953) Mechanical and electrical events in the main sound muscle of cicada. Jpn J Physiol 3:249–253

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weber H (1928) Skelett, Muskulatur und Darm der schwarzen Blattlaus Aphis fabae Scop., mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Funktion der Mundwerkzeuge und des Darms. Zoologica (Stuttgart) 76:1–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Wessel A (2013) Casserius and the secret of the cicada’s voice. Deut Entomol Z 60:139–150

    Google Scholar 

  • Wessel A, Hoch H, Asche M, von Rintelen T, Stelbrink B, Heck V, Stone FD, Howarth FG (2013) Rapid species radiation initiated by founder effects in Hawaiian cave planthoppers. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 110:9391–9396

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler NH (1937) Trap-light studies on leafhoppers belonging to the genus Empoasca (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), with the description of two new species. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 39:141–156

    Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler NH (1939) The North American empoascan leafhoppers of the radiata group (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). J Wash Acad Sci 29:292–300

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox RS (1972) Communication by surface waves. Mating behavior of a water strider (Gerridae). J Comp Physiol 80:255–266

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox RS (1975) Sound-producing mechanisms of Buenoamacrotibialis Hungerford (Hemi-ptera: Notonectidae). Int J Insect Morphol Embryol 4:169–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox RS (1995) Ripple communication in aquatic and semiaquatic insects. Ecoscience 2:109–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Wohlers D, Bacon J (1980) Sexual dimorphism of motoneurons: Timbal muscle innervation in male periodical cicadas and homologous structures in females. Cell Tissue Res 209:371–382

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wohlers DW, Williams JLD, Huber F, Moore TE (1979) Central projections of fibers in the auditory and tensor nerves of cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae). Cell Tissue Res 203:35–51

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young D (1972a) Neuromuscular mechanism of sound production in Australian cicadas. J Comp Physiol 79:343–362

    Google Scholar 

  • Young D (1972b) Analysis of songs of some Australian cicadas (Homoptera: Cicadidae). J Aus Entomol Soc 11:237–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Young D, Hill KG (1977) Structure and function of the auditory system of the cicada, Cystosoma saundersii. J Comp Physiol 117:23–45

    Google Scholar 

  • Young D, Josephson RK (1983) Pure-tone songs in cicadas with special reference to the genus Magicicada. J Comp Physiol 152:197–207

    Google Scholar 

  • Zrzavý J (1990) Evolution of Hemiptera: an attempt at synthetic approach. Proc Int Symp Scale Insect Stud VI (Kraków) II:19–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Zych AF, Mankin RW, Gillooly JF, Foreman E (2012) Stridulation by Jadera haematoloma (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae): Production mechanism and associated behaviors. Ann Entomol Soc Am 105:118–127

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank Peggy Hill (Tulsa) and Thomas von Rintelen (MfN Berlin) for critically reading and doing language edits of several versions of the manuscript. Hannelore Hoch and Manfred Asche (both MfN Berlin) provided valuable comments and discussions. Igor Malenovský (Brno), Björn Stelbrink, Sina Flügge, Martina Rissberger, and Hans-Ulrich Raake (all MfN Berlin) greatly helped in finding hidden literature and material. AW is grateful to T. von Rintelen for providing working space and resources.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Museum für Naturkunde—Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany

    Andreas Wessel, Roland Mühlethaler & Viktor Hartung

  2. Zoologisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany

    Andreas Wessel

  3. Štefana Kuzmiča 4, 9000, Murska Sobota, Slovenia

    Valerija Kuštor

  4. Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 3, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Matija Gogala

Authors
  1. Andreas Wessel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Roland Mühlethaler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Viktor Hartung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Valerija Kuštor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Matija Gogala
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andreas Wessel .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, USA

    Reginald B. Cocroft

  2. Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Matija Gogala

  3. Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA

    Peggy S.M. Hill

  4. Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany

    Andreas Wessel

Appendix A

Appendix A

Table A.1 Systematic overview of sound and vibrational signals produced in the Tymbalia*
Full size table
Table A.2 Species names used in the text
Full size table

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Wessel, A., Mühlethaler, R., Hartung, V., Kuštor, V., Gogala, M. (2014). The Tymbal: Evolution of a Complex Vibration-Producing Organ in the Tymbalia (Hemiptera excl. Sternorrhyncha). In: Cocroft, R., Gogala, M., Hill, P., Wessel, A. (eds) Studying Vibrational Communication. Animal Signals and Communication, vol 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43607-3_20

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation