Abstract
Motivation is a key factor in education. While there exist some learning system that consider techniques for motivating learners, these systems implement only one or few techniques and assume that the respective technique(s) work well for all learners. However, learners are motivated differently and what is motivating for one learner can be demotivating for another learner. In this paper, we introduce a framework of motivational techniques, which suggests motivational techniques that can be included in learning systems, discusses the relationships between these techniques, situations where the techniques might be demotivational for learners, and requirements of the techniques to be integrated into a course and learning system. This framework aims at providing guidelines on how to implement a set of motivational techniques into learning systems and is the basis for providing personalization based on motivational aspects in learning systems, presenting learners only with motivational techniques that work well for them.
Chapter PDF
References
Dweck, C.S.: Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist 41(10), 1040–1048 (1986)
Dickinson, L.: Autonomy and motivation: A literature review. System 23(2), 165–174 (1995)
Keller, J.M.: Development and use of the ARCS model of motivational design. Journal of Instructional Development 10(3), 2–10 (1987)
Cheng, R., Vassileva, J.: Design and evaluation of an adaptive incentive mechanism for sustained educational online communities. User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 16(2/3), 321–348 (2006)
Chen, G.-D., Lee, J.-H., Wang, C.-Y., Lee, T.-Y.: An Empathic Avatar in a Computer-Aided Learning Program to Encourage and Persuade Learners. Educational Technology & Society (2011) (accepted)
DeCharms, R.: Motivation enhancement in educational settings. In: Ames, R.E., Ames, C. (eds.) Research on Motivation in Education, vol. 1, pp. 275–310 (1984)
Wlodkowski, R.: How to plan motivational strategies for adult instruction. Performance and Instruction 24(9), 1–6 (1985)
Ormrod, J.: Educational psychology: Developing learners. Prentice Hall, Columbus (2007)
Curry, L.: One critique of the research on learning styles. Educational Leadership 48, 50–56 (1990)
Iyengar, S., Lepper, M.: When choice is demotivating: Can one desire too much of a good thing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79(6), 995–1006 (2000)
Keller, J., Suzuki, K.: Learner motivation and e-learning design: a multinationally validated process. Journal of Educational Media 29(3), 229–239 (2004)
Ryan, R., Deci, E.: Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and wellbeing. American Psychologist 55, 6878 (2000)
Martens, R.L., Gulikers, J., Baestiaens, T.: The impact of intrinsic motivation on e-learning in authentic computer tasks. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 20(5), 368–376 (2004)
Rovai, A., Ponton, M., Wighting, M., Baker, J.: A comparative analysis of student motivation in traditional classroom and e-learning community. International Journal on E-Learning 6(3), 413–432 (2007)
Huett, J., Kalinowski, K., Moller, L., Cleaves, K.: Improving the motivation and retention of online students through the use of ARCS-based e-mails. The American Journal of Distance Education 22, 159–176 (2008)
Code, J., MacAllister, K., Gress, C., Nesbit, J.: Self-Regulated Learning, Motivation and Goal Theory: Implications for Instructional Design and E-Learning. In: Int. Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, pp. 872–874. IEEE Press, New York (2006)
Vassileva, J.: Motivating Participation in Virtual Communities. In: 12th International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists, Ottawa, Canada (2002)
Tretiakov, A., Smestad, O.: Kinshuk: Improving the Quality of Discussion Forum Discourses by Using an Internal Market. In: International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, pp. 601–602. IEEE Press, New York (2006)
Okonkwo, C., Vassileva, J.: Affective Pedagogical Agents and User Persuasion. In: Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, New Orleans, USA, pp. 397–401 (2001)
Chen, S., Chang, C., Hsu, C., Chen, G.: Building an Interactive Agent with Intention to Increase Students’ Learning Will. In: 8th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, pp. 257–259. IEEE Press, New York (2008)
Vassileva, J.: Harnessing P2P Power in the Classroom. In: Lester, J.C., Vicari, R.M., Paraguaçu, F. (eds.) ITS 2004. LNCS, vol. 3220, pp. 305–314. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Baumstark, K., Graf, S. (2014). A Framework for Integrating Motivational Techniques in Technology Enhanced Learning. In: Chiu, D.K.W., Wang, M., Popescu, E., Li, Q., Lau, R. (eds) New Horizons in Web Based Learning. ICWL 2012. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 7697. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43454-3_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43454-3_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-43453-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-43454-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)