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Biochemistry and Genetics of Bacterial Bioluminescence

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Bioluminescence: Fundamentals and Applications in Biotechnology - Volume 1

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology ((ABE,volume 144))

Abstract

Bacterial light production involves enzymes—luciferase, fatty acid reductase, and flavin reductase—and substrates—reduced flavin mononucleotide and long-chain fatty aldehyde—that are specific to bioluminescence in bacteria. The bacterial genes coding for these enzymes, luxA and luxB for the subunits of luciferase; luxC, luxD, and luxE for the components of the fatty acid reductase; and luxG for flavin reductase, are found as an operon in light-emitting bacteria, with the gene order, luxCDABEG. Over 30 species of marine and terrestrial bacteria, which cluster phylogenetically in Aliivibrio, Photobacterium, and Vibrio (Vibrionaceae), Shewanella (Shewanellaceae), and Photorhabdus (Enterobacteriaceae), carry lux operon genes. The luminescence operons of some of these bacteria also contain genes involved in the synthesis of riboflavin, ribEBHA, and in some species, regulatory genes luxI and luxR are associated with the lux operon. In well-studied cases, lux genes are coordinately expressed in a population density-responsive, self-inducing manner called quorum sensing. The evolutionary origins and physiological function of bioluminescence in bacteria are not well understood but are thought to relate to utilization of oxygen as a substrate in the luminescence reaction.

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Abbreviations

acyl-HSL:

Acyl-homoserine lactone

FMNH2 :

Reduced flavin mononucleotide

Kb:

Kilobases (thousand nucleotides)

kD:

Kilodaltons

Mb:

Megabases (million nucleotides)

RCHO:

Long-chain fatty aldehyde

RCOOH:

Long-chain fatty acid

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    Paul Dunlap

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    Gérald Thouand

  2. National Institute for Biotechnology in Ben Gurion University, Beersheba, Israel

    Robert Marks

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Dunlap, P. (2014). Biochemistry and Genetics of Bacterial Bioluminescence. In: Thouand, G., Marks, R. (eds) Bioluminescence: Fundamentals and Applications in Biotechnology - Volume 1. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 144. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43385-0_2

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