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Retina

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Eye Pathology

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Abstract

The retina forms by its complex neural network the inner layer of the eye, which receives the visual information of the surrounding visible world and transforms it in electric stimuli. These are transported via the visual pathways to the visual cortex, where they can be perceived. The retina is closely linked to the underlying retinal pigment epithelium, the integrity of which is essential for the function and visual signal transduction of the visual system. The retina can expose a variety of developmental anomalies as well as experience a multitude of degenerative changes during its aging, most commonly being the age-related macular degeneration. The retina is a well-vascularized neuronal tissue that can expose reactive, inflammatory, as well as neoplastic diseases during lifetime. Although retinal neoplasia is rare, it can be benign as in retinal capillary hemangioblastoma that can be associated with von Hippel–Lindau disease, but also highly malignant as in retinoblastoma, that can be sporadic or familial.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria

    Nikolaos E. Bechrakis MD, FEBO

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, UCL University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK

    Philip J. Luthert BSc,MBBS,FRCP,FRCPath,FRCOphth

  3. Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, 3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, OR, 97221, USA

    David J. Wilson MD

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  1. Nikolaos E. Bechrakis MD, FEBO
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Correspondence to Nikolaos E. Bechrakis MD, FEBO .

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  1. Eye Pathology Section Teilum-bygningen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Steffen Heegaard

  2. L.F. Montgomery Laboratory, Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Hans Grossniklaus

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Bechrakis, N.E., Luthert, P.J., Wilson, D.J. (2015). Retina. In: Heegaard, S., Grossniklaus, H. (eds) Eye Pathology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43382-9_9

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