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Eyelid Pathology

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Eye Pathology

Abstract

The skin covering the eyelids is very important to ophthalmologists, dermatologists, and pathologists. Virtually any inflammatory process or cutaneous neoplasm occurring in the skin elsewhere in the body may, at times, occur in the periorbital or eyelid skin; however, some diseases are quite specific to this area. This chapter includes, but is not limited to, the normal anatomy and histology, congenital abnormalities, eyelid disorders signaling systemic diseases, the inflammatory conditions with prevalence to the eyelid region, and a wide range of neoplasms. Various clinical and microscopic pictures complement the text descriptions in this chapter. The purpose is to guide the reader in learning eyelid pathology.

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Abbreviations

AIDS:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

AJCC:

American Joint Committee on Cancer

AK:

Actinic keratosis

ALCL:

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma

ANCA:

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody

BCC:

Basal cell carcinoma

BD:

Bowen disease

c-ANCA:

Cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody

CEA:

Carcinoembryonic antigen

CNS:

Central nervous system

CTNNB1:

β-Catenin gene

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

ECG:

Electrocardiogram

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

EMA:

Epithelial membrane antigen

EORTC:

European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer

FGFR3:

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3

GLUT1:

Glucose transporter 1

GPA:

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

H&E:

Hematoxylin and eosin

HHV8:

Human herpesvirus 8

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HPV:

Human papillomavirus strains

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

JXG:

Juvenile xanthogranuloma

KLK5:

Kallikrein 5

KPTR:

Kiel Pediatric Tumor Registry

KS:

Kaposi sarcoma

KSHV:

Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus

LM:

Lentigo maligna

LMM:

Lentigo maligna melanoma

LOH:

Loss of heterozygosity

LYVE1:

Lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor 1

MAC:

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma

MCC:

Merkel cell carcinoma

MF:

Mycosis fungoides

mm:

Millimeters

MPO:

Myeloperoxidase

MTS:

Muir–Torre syndrome

NBCCS:

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome

NER:

Nucleotide excision repair

NF1:

Neurofibromatosis type 1

NSE:

Neuron-specific enolase

NXG:

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma

PAR:

Protease-activated receptor

PCMC:

Primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PEH:

Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia

PG:

Pyogenic granuloma

PM:

Pilomatrixoma

PNET:

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor

PR3:

Protein 3

SCC:

Squamous cell carcinoma

SK:

Seborrheic keratosis

SMA:

Smooth muscle actin

SP:

Squamous papilloma

SSMM:

Superficial spreading malignant melanoma

TE:

Trichoepithelioma

TL:

Trichilemmoma

TLR2:

Toll-like receptor 2

UV:

Ultraviolet

VEGFR3:

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3

WG:

Wegener’s granulomatosis

WHO:

World Health Organization

XP:

Xeroderma pigmentosum

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Diva Salomão

  2. 2nd Department of Pathology, Faculty of General Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1091, Budapest, Ulloi ut 93, Hungary

    Jeannette Tóth

  3. The Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland

    Susan Kennedy

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  1. Diva Salomão
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  3. Susan Kennedy
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Correspondence to Diva Salomão .

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  1. Eye Pathology Section Teilum-bygningen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Steffen Heegaard

  2. L.F. Montgomery Laboratory, Emory Eye Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Hans Grossniklaus

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Salomão, D., Tóth, J., Kennedy, S. (2015). Eyelid Pathology. In: Heegaard, S., Grossniklaus, H. (eds) Eye Pathology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43382-9_11

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