Abstract
Students’ responses to a series of photographs depicting hospital scenes (the Role Projective Test) are analyzed to determine how perceptions changed from freshman to senior year.
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Becker, H. S., Geer, B., Hughes, E., and Strauss, A., Boys In White, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1961.
Becker, H. S. and Geer, B., The Fate of Idealism in Medical School, American Sociological Review, 23, pp. 50–56, 1958.
Eron, L. D., Effect of Medical Education on Medical Students’ Attitudes, Journal of Medical Education, 30, 1955, pp. 559–556.
Eron, L. D., The Effect of Medical Education on Attitudes: A Follow-Up Study, Journal of Medical Education, 33, Part II, 1958, pp. 25–33.
Eron, L. D., The Effects of Nursing Education on Attitudes, Nursing Research, 4, 1955, pp. 24–27.
Brooks, B. R., Student Attitudes: How They Change, Nursing World, 134, 1960, pp. 24–27.
McPartland, T. S. et al., Formal Education and the Process of Professionalization: A Study of Student Nurses, Publication 107, Community Studies, Inc., Kansas City, Missouri, 1957, p. 54.
Olesen, V. and Davis, F., Baccalaureate Students’ Images of Nursing: A Follow-up Report, Nursing Research, 15, 1966, pp. 151–159.
Davis, F. and Olesen, V., Baccalaureate Students’ Images of Nursing: A Study of Change, Consensus and Consonance in the First Year, Nursing Research, 13, 1964, pp. 8–15.
Willman, M. D., Attitudes and Problems of Student Nurses, Austin, Texas, University of Texas, Ph.D. dissertation, 1961.
Lindzey, G., Projective Techniques and Cross-Cultural Research, Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, 1961, p. 31.
For examples of this kind of use of projective tests, see: Reissman, L. and Rohrer, J. H., Change and Dilemma in the Nursing Profession, G. P. Putnam, New York, 1957.
Abdellah, F.G., Methods of Identifying Covert Aspect of Nursing Problems, Nursing Research, 6, 1957, pp. 4–23
Copeland, M. et al., A Projective Technique for Investigating How Nurses Feel about the Use of Authority, Nursing Research, 4, 1955, pp. 79–86.
Sayles, L.R., Field Use of Projective Methods, Sociology and Social Research, 38, 1954, pp. 168–173.
Goldschmidt, W. and Edgerton, R. B., A Picture Study of Values, American Anthropologist, 63, 1961, pp. 26–47.
Selltiz, C. et al., Research Methods in Social Relations, Holt and Co., New York, 1959, pp. 285–287.
Fox, D. J. and Diamond, L. K., Satisfying and Stressful Situations in Basic Programs in Nursing Education, Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, 1964, report that incidents described by students indicated that the atmosphere of the school and the hospital was perceived as having a strong authoritarian component. Students wrote of being treated as adolescent girls by most school regulations, while at the same time, mature and responsible behavior was expected of them in the hospital. The most frequent complaints concerned the rigidity of residence regulations.
For more complete discussions of the significance of the normalization of activity, discussions by Garfinkel and Schutz are relevant. The present discussion owes much to their work. Garfinkel, H., Studies in the Routine Grounds of Everyday Activities, Social Problems, 11, pp. 225–250, 1964.
Schutz, A., The Collected Papers of Alfred Schutz, 1, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1962.
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Psathas, G. (1968). Images of Nursing. In: The Student Nurse in the Diploma School of Nursing. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-40263-4_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-40263-4_4
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