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Varizellen-Arthritis — seltene Komplikation der Varizellen

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Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde

Summary

A 13 year-old boy and a 5 year-old girl developed an acutely inflamed, swollen knee 1 day after the eruption of a typical varicella exanthema. The knee joint fluid was aspirated; it was clear, straw coloured containing 2,100 and 16,000 white blood cells per cmm., with predominance of mononuclear cells. All attempts to culture bacteria from the synovial fluid yielded no growth. On human embryo lung fibroblast cultures, however, varicella-zostervirus was isolated in 1 patient. After aspiration of 50 ml of the effusion all symptoms and signs of inflammation subsided in both patients within one week without any specific treatment. The clinical course of our patients, their hae-matological and laboratory and clinical data are compared with those of 8 other cases which have been published recently. The varicella arthritis is interpreted as the result of a direct local effect of the varicella-zostervirus on the synovial tissue. Alternative pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. Since in one of our patient the HLA-B 27 antigen was found, the question is raised whether a genetic basis for susceptibility to varicella arthritis could be established. Finally our attention is directed to rheumatoid arthritis and to purulent arthritis as a rare complication of bacterially infected vesicles of chicken pox.

Zusammenfassung

Es wird über 2 Patienten, einem 13 jährigen Jungen und ein 5 jähriges Mädchen, berichtet, die beide während einer typischen Varizellener-krankung am 2. Exanthemtag eine Kniegelenksschwellung entwickelten. Bakteriologische Kulturen des Kniegelenkpunktates beider Patienten blieben steril. Bei Zellzahlen von 2100 bzw. 16000/mm3 im Erguß herrschten Lymphozyten vor. Im Punktat des Jungen gelang die VZ-Virusisolierung. Die Ergüsse bildeten sich nach einmaliger Abpunktion von jeweils 50 ml innerhalb einer Woche spontan zurück. Klinischer Verlauf sowie hämatologische und laborchemische Daten unserer Patienten werden mit denen aus bisher 8 in der Literatur bekannt gewordenen Kasuistiken verglichen. Die Gelenkmanifestation wird als Folge einer direkten lokalen Einwirkung des Varizella-Zoster-Virus gewertet. Weitere in Frage kommende pathogenetische Mechanismen werden angeführt. An den Nachweis des HLA-Antigens B 27 bei einem unserer Patienten schließen sich Überlegungen bezüglich einer genetisch bedingten Prädisposition zur Ausbildung einer Varizellen-Arthritis an. Auf die differentialdiagnostische Abgrenzung gegen bakterielle Arthritiden als Ausdruck einer seltenen Komplikation superinfizierter Varizel-leneffloreszenzen sowie gegenüber rheumatoiden Arthritiden wird eingegangen.

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Evers, KG., Zippel, C., Krüger, J. (1980). Varizellen-Arthritis — seltene Komplikation der Varizellen. In: Bachmann, K.D., et al. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-38563-0_35

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-38563-0_35

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