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Von der Amöbe zum schlagenden Herzen: Evolution und Feinstruktur des intrazellulären Bewegungsapparates

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Summary

Different kinds of cell motility are reviewed in this paper with special regard to development and ultrastructure. The variety of animal cell motility types can be reduced to three principles: ciliary and ameboid movements and muscle contraction.

The ultrastructure of all kinds of cilia is very similar from single cell organisms to highly specialized cells of the human body, e.g., ciliary respiratory epithelium. As a rule, ciliary movement is caused by minimal sliding of the nine double tubules consisting of tubulin, a protein differing from myosin and actin.

Ameboid movement and muscle cell contraction are based on the sliding filament mechanism of actin and myosin. Although the principles of this mechanism have not changed during evolution some differences in the structure and arrangement of actin and myosin filaments occurred.

Obviously, the high degree of order of the myofibrils of vertebrate heart and skeletal muscle cells has developed from the loose and rapid changing arrangement of contractile filaments in ameboid cells. There are some changes of residues in the actin and myosin molecules during the development of the intracellular contractile system.

Finally, some peculiarities of the myocardium, its special arrangement of muscle cells and some disturbances of the contractile filaments under pathologic conditions are discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Die verschiedenen Arten der Zellbewegung werden in dieser Arbeit unter dem speziellen Blickpunkt der Entwicklung und der Ultrastruktur besprochen. Die Vielzahl der Bewegungsmechanismen tierischer Zellen läßt sich auf 3 Grundformen reduzieren: ciliare und amöboide Bewegungen und Muskelkontraktionen.

Die Ultrastruktur aller Cilien, vom Einzeller bis zu hochspezialisierten Zellen im menschlichen Organismus z.B. dem respiratorischen Epithel, ist sehr ähnlich. In der Regel wird die Bewegung der Cilien verursacht durch minimale gleitende Verschiebungen der neun Doppeltubuli, die aus Tubulin bestehen, einem Protein, das sich vom Myosin und Aktin unterscheidet.

Amöboide Bewegungen und Muskelkontraktion beruhen auf dem Gleit-Filamentmechanismus von Aktin und Myosin. Obwohl sich die Prinzipien dieses Mechanismus während der Evolution nicht geändert haben, stellten sich einige Unterschiede in der Struktur und in der Anordnung von Aktin- und Myosinfila-menten ein. Offenbar hat sich der hohe Ordnungsgrad der Myofibrillen in Herz und Skelettmuskulatur von Vertebraten aus der lockeren und zu rascher Wandlung fähigen Anordnung der kontraktilen Filamente in amöboiden Zellen entwickelt. Während der Evolution haben sich nur relativ geringe Änderungen in der Aminosäuresequenz im Aktin und Myosinmole-kül des intrazellulären kontraktilen Systems ergeben.

Abschließend werden einige Besonderheiten des Myocards mit seiner speziellen Anordnung der Muskelzellen und einigen Störungen im Verband der kontraktilen Filamente unter pathologischen Bedingungen diskutiert.

Vortrag auf der 111. Versammlung der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte, Hamburg, 21.-25. September 1980

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pathologisches Institut, Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, D-4000, Düsseldorf, Bundesrepublik Deutschland

    Prof. Dr. W. Hort & I. Hort

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  2. I. Hort
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Hort, W., Hort, I. (1981). Von der Amöbe zum schlagenden Herzen: Evolution und Feinstruktur des intrazellulären Bewegungsapparates. In: Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-38057-4_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-38057-4_15

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-37320-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-38057-4

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