Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

High Performance Fibers

  • Chapter
Advanced Composite Materials

Abstract

Structural materials based on ACM require strength, stiffness and toughness in conjunction with high temperature and environmental resistance. Strength and stiffness characteristics are attributable to the fiber or reinforcing agent. Only those fibers which possess very high strength and very high modulus or stiffness with moderately low density are suitable candidates as reinforcing agents in ACM. Specific modulus (normalized by fiber density) values of at least 6 × 108 cm and specific strength (normalized by fiber density) values of 6 × 106 cm are the guidelines for these high strength fibers. These include ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), aramids, carbon fiber, S-2 glass, and newly reported experimental fibers, PBO and PBT. Although the specific modulus of S-2 glass is below 6 × 108 cm or only 4 × 108 cm, the specific strength of S-2 glass is 18 × 106 cm and sufficiently high to merit consideration as a high performance fiber. The high performance fibers that dominate the ACM area possess low density (950–2500 kg/m3) and extremely high strengths (2–7 GPa) and moduli (70–800 GPa).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. H. S. Matsuda, Chem. Tech. (May) 310 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  2. S. Kumar, SAMPE Quart. 20(2), 3 (1989).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. W. W. Adams, Poly. Preprints, 26(2), 306 (1985).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. J. J. Smith, H. Jiang, R. K. Eby and W. W. Adams, Poly. Commun. 28, 14 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Y. Tremonia and P. Smith, Chapter 11, in “High Modulus Polymers,” A. E. Zachariades and R. S. Porter, editors, Marcel Dekker, NY 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  6. T. Y. Tarn, M. B. Boone and G. C. Weedon, Poly. Eng. & Sci. 28(13), 871 (1988).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. A. J. Pennings et al., in “Interrelations Between Processing, Structure, and Properties of Polymeric Materials,” J. C. Seferis and P. S. Theocaris, editors, p. 285 Elsevier, Oxford 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Polymer News, 14(3), 83 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  9. J. H. Southern and R. S. Porter, J. Appl. Poly. Sci., 14, 2305 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. G. Capaccio and I. M. Ward, Poly. Eng. Sci., 15, 219 (1975).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. W. Hoogsteen, G. ten Brinke and A. J. Pennings, Colloid Polym. Sci., 266, 1003 (1988).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. J. P. Cohen-Addad, G. Feio and A. Peguy, Poly. Commun. 28, 252 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. M. Matusuo et al., Poly. J. 18(10), 759 (1986).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. R. J. Samuels, J. Macromol. Sci.-Phys. B4 701 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Y. D. Kwon, S. Kavesh and D. C. Prevorsek, U.S. 4,713,290 (12/15/87) Allied.

    Google Scholar 

  16. G. A. Harpell, I. Palley, S. Kavesh and D. C. Prevorsek, U.S. 4,737,401 (4/12/88) Allied.

    Google Scholar 

  17. D. J. Dijkstra, W. Hoogsteen and A. J. Penning, Polymer 30, 866 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  18. G. B. Kaufman, Chem. Tech. 725 Dec. (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  19. M. Jaffe and R. S. Jones, “Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology,” Vol III, High Technology Fibers, Part A, Marcel Dekker, NY. 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  20. L. Vollbracht, Chapter 22 in “Comprehensive Polymer Science,” Vol 5, Sir G. Allen, J. C. Bevington, editors, Pergmon, Oxford 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  21. H. H. Yang, “Aramid Fibers,” Chapter 6, in “Composite Materials,” Series 2, Fiber Reinforcements for Composite Materials, R. Bunsell, editor, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  22. H. Blades, 3,869,429 (1975) Dupont.

    Google Scholar 

  23. P. G. Riewald, A. K. Dhingra and T. S. Chern, 6th Int’l Conf. on Comp. Materials and 2nd European Conf. on Com. Mat. Vol 5, Editors, F. L. Matthews. N. C. R. Buskell, J. M. Hodgkinson and J. Morton, Elsevier, London 1987, p. 362.

    Google Scholar 

  24. M. Fukuda, H. Kawai, F. Harii and R. Kitamaru, Poly. Commum. 29, 97 (1988).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. D. Tanner, J. A. Fitzgerald, P. G. Riewald and W. F. Knoff, Handbook of Fibers. Science and Technology, Vol. III, High Technology Fibers, Part B, Marcel Dekker, NY 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  26. C. D. Batich, P. H. Holloway and M. A. Kosinski, CHEMTECH, Aug. p. 494, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  27. F. Druschle, H. W. Siesler, G. Spilgies and H. Tengler. Poly. Sci. Eng, 17(2), 93 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. E. G. Chatzi, M. W. Urban, H. Ishida and J. L. Koenig, Polymer 27, 1850 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. C. E. Morrison and W. H. Bowyer, “Proceedings of the 3rd National Conference on Composite Materials,” Paris, France August 26–9, 1980, pp. 233-245.

    Google Scholar 

  30. M. W. Wardle and E. W. Tokarsky, Comp. Technol. Rev. ASTM, Philadelphia, Spring 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  31. W. Watt and B. V. Perov, Strong Fibers, Handbook of Composites, Vol 1, Elsevier Science, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  32. D. Pamington, (editor) Carbon & High Performance Fibers Directory — 3rd edition, PAMMAC Directories.

    Google Scholar 

  33. R. Bacon and C. T. Moses, High Performance Polymers: Their Origin and Development, Proceedings of a Symp. held at 191st ACS meeting, New York, NY, April 15–18, 1986, pp. 341-353.

    Google Scholar 

  34. E. Fitzer, editor, “Carbon Fibers and their Composites,” Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Amoco Performance Products, Inc., Product Literature F7238, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  36. M. K. Towne, Proceedings of the 7th JANNAF Rocket Nozzel Technology Subcommittee Meeting, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, Nov. 12–14, 1985. Available from CPIA, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20707.

    Google Scholar 

  37. M. K. Towne, Proceedings of the 7th JANNAF Rocket Nozzel Technology Subcommittee Meeting, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, Nov. 12–14, 1985. Available from CPIA, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20707.

    Google Scholar 

  38. M. K. Towne, “Quality and Product Improvements on Rayon-Based Carbon and Graphite Fabrics,” Proceedings of the 7th JANNAF Rocket Nozzel Technology Subcommittee Meeting, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, Oct. 19–22, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  39. J. M. Prandy and H. T. Hahn, 35 International SAMPE, April 1990, p. 1157.

    Google Scholar 

  40. D. A. Schulz, SAMPE Journal, 23:27-31, 109 (March/April, 1987).

    Google Scholar 

  41. R. Bacon, Metal and Ceramic Matrix Composite Processing Conference Proceedings, Battelle, Columbus Laboratories, Nov. 13–15, 1984, Vol. 2, pp. 23–28.

    Google Scholar 

  42. L. S. Singer, Extended Abstracts of the International Symp. on Carbon: New Processing and New Applications, Toyohashi, Japan, November, 1982, Paper 4A01, pp. 400-403.

    Google Scholar 

  43. L. S. Singer, Fuel, 60:839–847, Sept, 1981.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. R. Bacon, Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. (London) A, 294:437–442. (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. L. S. Singer, A. Ciferri and I. M. Ward, Applied Science, 1979, pp. 251-277.

    Google Scholar 

  46. A. A. Bright and L. S. Singer, Carbon, 17:59–69 (No. 1, 1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. S. Chwastiak, J. B. Barr and R. Didchenko, Carbon, 17:49–53, 1979.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. J. B. Barr, I. C. Lewis, Thermochim. Acta, 52:297–304, Jan 16, 1982.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. F. F. Nazem, Pitch, Fuel, 80:851-858.

    Google Scholar 

  50. R. Bacon, B. H. Eckstein, I. M. Kowalski, D. A. Schulz, S. L. Strong, M. K. Towne and G. Wagoner, Proceedings of the First European Conference on Composite Materials and Exhibition European Association for Composite Materials, Bordeaux, France, Sept, 25–27, 1985, pp. 152-157.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Amoco Performance Products, Inc., Product Literature, F-5869 Rev. 6, F-7144, F-7145, F-7146, F-7149, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  52. K. Morita et al., Pure and Applied Chem. 58(3), 455 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. I. M. Kowalski, Anaheim, CA, April 6–9, 1987, pp. 953-963.

    Google Scholar 

  54. M. Guigon and A. Oberlin, Composites Science & Technology 27(1), (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  55. S. B. Smith, 34th International SAMPE Conf. May 1989, p. 1621.

    Google Scholar 

  56. G. Wagoner and R. Bacon, Proceedings of the 19th Biennial Carbon Conference, Penn State University, June 26–30, 1989, pp. 296-297.

    Google Scholar 

  57. G. Wagoner, R. E. Smith and R. Bacon, Proceedings of the 18th Biennial Conference on Carbon, Worcester, MA, July 19–24, 1987, pp. 415-416.

    Google Scholar 

  58. I. M. Kowalski, 31st International SAMPE Symp. and Exhibition, Las Vegas, Nevada, April 7–10, 1986, pp. 303-314.

    Google Scholar 

  59. J. B. Barr and B. H. Eckstein, Proceedings of the 18th Biennial Conference on Carbon, Worcester, MA, July 19–24, 1987, pp. 9-10.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Amoco Performance Products, Inc., Product Literature, F-7147, F-7178, F-7150, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  61. D. Miller, “Glass Fibers” in “Composites,” Vol 1, ASM International, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  62. R. W. Fulmer, SAMPE, May 1980.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 598 Watchung Road, Bound Brook, NJ, 08805, USA

    Dr. Louis A. Pilato

  2. Amoco Performance Products Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA

    Michael J. Michno

Authors
  1. Dr. Louis A. Pilato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael J. Michno
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pilato, L.A., Michno, M.J. (1994). High Performance Fibers. In: Advanced Composite Materials. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-35356-1_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-35356-1_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-08187-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-35356-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation