Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pathogenesis of Glomerulonephritis — 1990

  • Chapter
Nephrology

Summary

Recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of glomerulo-nephritis are reviewed, focusing on evidence for the importance of the role of sensitized T cells and/or activated macrophages in causing glomerular injury, either directly, or via production of cytokines capable of modulating the normal biosynthetic and proliferative activities of intrinsic glomerular cells. In addition, recent data on the hitherto unrecognized importance of interstitial mononuclear cell infiltration to the progression of renal injury and declining function in glomerulonephritis is discussed. Insights gained from these developing areas of nephrologic research suggest important new approaches to the understanding and improved therapy of glomerulonephritis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Dixon FJ (1968) The pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis. Am J Med 44: 493–494

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Wilson CB, Dixon FJ (1986) The renal response to immunological injury. In: Brenner BJ, Rector FC (eds) The kidney, 3rd edn. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 800–889

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bruijn JA, Hoedemaeker PJ, Fleuren GJ (1989) Pathogenesis of anti-basement membrane glomerulopathy and immune-complex glomerulonephritis: dichotomy dissolved. Lab Invest 61: 480–488

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Oliviera DBG, Peters DK (1989) Autoimmunity and the kidney. Kidney Int 35: 923–928

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kelly CJ, Haverty T, Neilson EG (1988) Control of the nephritogenic immune response. In: Wilson CB (ed) Immunopathology of renal disease, vol 18. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 35–56

    Google Scholar 

  6. Wilson CB (1988) Antibody reactions with native or planted glomerular antigens producing nephritogenic immune deposits or selective glomerular cell injury. In: Wilson CB (ed) Immunopathology of renal disease, vol 18. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 1–34

    Google Scholar 

  7. Brentjens JR, Andres G (1989) Interaction of antibodies with renal cell surface antigens. Kidney Int 35: 954–968

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Atkins RC, Holdsworth SR, Hancock WW, Thomson NM, Glasgow EF (1982) Cellular immune mechanisms in human glomerulonephritis: The role of mononuclear leucocytes. Springer Semin Immunopathol 5: 269–296

    Google Scholar 

  9. McCluskey RT, Bhan AK (1986) Cell mediated immunity in renal disease. Hum Pathol 17: 146–153

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Atkins RC, Holdsworth SR (1988) Cellular mechanisms of immune glomerular injury. In: Brenner and Stein (eds) Cellular mechanisms of injury in GN. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 111–135

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bhan AK, Schneeberger EE, Collins AB, McCluskey RT (1978) Evidence for a pathogenic role of a cell-mediated immune mechanism in experimental glomerulonephritis. J Exp Med 148: 246–260

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bolton WK, Tucker FL, Sturgill BC (1984) New avian model of experimental GN consistent with mediation by cellular immunity. J Clin Invest 73: 1263–1276

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bolton WK, Chandra M, Tyson TM, Kirkpatrick PR, Sadovnic MI, Sturgill BC (1988) Transfer of experimental glomerulonephritis in chickens by mononuclear cells. Kidney Int 34 (5): 598–610

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Okada K, Otie T, Kihara I, Morita T, Yamamoto T (1982) Masugi nephritis in the nude mice and their normal littermates. Acta Pathol Jpn 32: 1

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Tipping PG, Neale TJ, Holdsworth SR (1985) T lymphocyte participation in antibody-induced experimental glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 27: 530–537

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Boyce NW, Tipping PG, Holdsworth SR (1986) Lymphokine ( MIF) production by glomerular T-lymphocytes in experimental glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 30: 673

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lan HY, Paterson DJ, Atkins RC (1989) Evolving pattern of the interstitial leucocyte infilttrate in experimental anti-GBM glomerulonephritis (abstract). Kidney Int 36: 1176

    Google Scholar 

  18. Otie T, Shimuzu F, Kagami S, Morioka T (1989) Hapten-specific cellular immune response producing glomerular injury. Clin Exp Immunol 76 (3): 463–468

    Google Scholar 

  19. Rennke HG, Klein PS, Mendrick DL (1990) Cell-mediated Immunity ( CMI) in hapteninduced interstitial nephritis and glomerular crescent formation in the rat (abstract ). Kidney Int 37: 428

    Google Scholar 

  20. Rocklin R, Lewis E, David J (1970) In-vitro evidence for cellular hypersensitivity to glomerular-basement-membrane antigens in human glomerulonephritis. N Engl J Med 283: 497–501

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Nolasco FEB, Cameron JS, Hartley B, Coelho RA, Reuben R (1987) Intraglomerular T cells and monocytes in nephritis: study with monoclonal antibodies. Kidney Int 31: 1160–1166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bolton WK, Innes DJ, Sturgill BC, Kaiser DL (1987) T Cells and macrophages in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis: clinicopathological correlations. Kidney Int 32: 869–876

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Muller GA, Muller CA, Markovic-Lipkovski J, Kilper RB, Risler T (1988) Renal major histocompatibility complex antigens and cellular components in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis identified by monoclonal antibodies (with 1 color plate). Nephron 49: 132–139

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Li HL, Hancock WW, Hooke DH, Dowling JP, Atkins RC (1990) Mononuclear cell activation and decreased renal function in IgA nephropathy with crescents. Kidney Int 37: In Press

    Google Scholar 

  25. Castiglione A, Bucci A, Fellin G, D’Amico G, Atkins RC (1988) The relationship of infiltrating renal leucocytes to disease activity in lupus and cryoglobuilinaemic glomerulo-nephritis. Nephron 50: 14–23

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Neale TJ, Tipping PG, Carson SD, Holdsworth SR (1988) Participation of cell-mediated immunity in deposition of fibrin in glomerulonephritis. Lancet II (8608): 421–424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Shigematsu H (1970) Glomerular events during the initial phase of rat Masugi nephritis. Virchows Arch [Cell Pathol] 5: 187

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Boyce NW, Holdsworth SR, Dijkstra CD, Atkins RC (1987) Quantitation of intraglomerular mononuclear phagocytes in experimental glomerulonephritis in the rat using specific monoclonal antibodies. Pathology 19: 290–293

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Matsumoto K, Atkins RC (1989) Glomerular cells and macrophages in the progression of experimental focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Am J Pathol 134 (4): 933–945

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Jones DB (1951) Inflammation and repair of the glomerulus. Am J Pathol 27: 991–1009

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Atkins RC, Glasgow EF, Holdsworth SR, Matthews FE (1976) The macrophage in human rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Lancet I: 830–832

    Google Scholar 

  32. Hooke DH, Hancock WW, Gee DC, Kraft N, Atkins RC (1984) Monoclonal antibody analysis of glomerular hypercellularity in human glomerulonephritis. Clin Nephrol 22 (4): 163–168

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Hooke DH, Gee DC, Atkins RC (1987) Leukocyte analysis using monoclonal antibodies in human glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 31: 964–972

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Magil AB, Wadsworth LD, Loewen M (1981) Monocytes and human renal glomerular disease. A quantitative evaluation. Lab Invest 44: 23–33

    Google Scholar 

  35. D’Amico G, Colasanti G, Ferrario F, Sinico RA (1989) Renal involvement in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. Kidney Int 35: 1004–1014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Holdworth SR (1983) Fc dependence of macrophage accumulation and subsequent injury in experimental glomerulonephritis. J Immunol 130: 735–739

    Google Scholar 

  37. Holdsworth SR, Thomson NM, Glasgow EF, Atkins RC (1979) The effect of defibrination on macrophage participation in rabbit nephrotoxic nephritis: Studies using glomerular culture and electromicroscopy. Clin Exp Immunol 37: 38–43

    Google Scholar 

  38. Hancock WW, Cotran RS (1987) Induction of activation antigens on human glomerular endothelium by interleukin 1 (IL-1), interferon-gamma (IFN-g) and endotoxin ( LPS) (abstract ). Kidney Int 31: 322

    Google Scholar 

  39. Cotran RS, Pober JS (1989) Effects of cytokines on vascular endothelium: their role in vascular and immune injury. Kidney Int 35: 969–975

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Boyce NW, Tipping PG, Holdsworth SR (1989) Glomerular macrophages produce reactive oxygen species in experimental glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 35: 778–782

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Cook HT, Smith J, Salmon JA, Cattell V (1989) Functional characteristics of macrophages in glomerulonephritis in the rat: 02-generation, MHC class II expression, and eicosanoid synthesis. Am J Pathol 134: 431–437

    Google Scholar 

  42. Matsumoto K, Hatano M (1989) Production of interleukin-1 in glomerular cell cultures from rats with nephrotoxic serum nephritis. Clin Exp Immunol 75: 123–128

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Matsumoto K, Dowling J, Atkins RC (1988) Production of Interleukin-1 in glomerular cell cultures from patients with rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis. Am J Nephrol 8: 463–470

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Schreiner GF, Kohan DE (1990) Regulation of renal transport processes and hemodynamics by macrophages and lymphocytes. Am J Physiol 258: F761–767

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Tipping PG, Lowe MG, Holdsworth SR (1988) Glomerular macrophages express augmented procoagulant activity in experimental fibrin-related glomerulonephritis in rabbits. J Clin Invest 82 (4): 1253–1259

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Hancock WW, Atkins RC (1985) Activation of coagulation pathways and fibrin deposition in human glomerulonephritis. Semin Nephrol 5: 69–75

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Atkins RC, Thomson NM (1988) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. In: Schrier RW, Gooschalk CW (eds) Diseases of the kidney, vol 2. Little, Brown, Boston, pp 1903–1927

    Google Scholar 

  48. Sterzel RB, Lovett DH (1988) Interactions of inflammatory and glomerular cells in the response to glomerular injury. In: Wilson CB (ed) Immunopathology of renal disease, vol 18. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 137–173

    Google Scholar 

  49. Atkins RC, Glasgow EF, Holdsworth S, Thomson NM, Hancock WW (1980) Tissue culture of isolated glomeruli from patients with glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int 17 (4): 515–527

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Sterzel RB, Pabst R, Kregeler M, Perfetto M (1982) The temporal relationship between glomerular cell proliferation and monocyte infiltration in experimental glomerulonephritis. Virchows Arch [Cell Pathol] 38: 337–350

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Mene P, Simonson MS, Dunn MJ (1989) Physiology of the mesangial cell. Physiol Rev 69: 1347–1424

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Hawkins NJ, Wakefield D, Charlesworth JA (1990) The role of mesangial cells in glomerular pathology. Pathology 22

    Google Scholar 

  53. Hancock WW (to be published) IL-1 and TNF depress glomerular endothelial thrombomodulin expressin in vitro and in vivo. Kidney Int

    Google Scholar 

  54. Bertani T, Abbate M, Zoja C, Corna D, Perico N, Ghezzi P, Remuzzi G (1989) Tumor necrosis factor induces glomerular damage in the rabbit. Am J Pathol 134: 419–430

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Raychowdhury R, Hiles JL, McCluskey RT, Smith JA (1989) Autoimmune target in Heymann nephritis is a glycoprotein with homology to the LDL receptor. Science 244 (4909): 1163–1165

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Kerjaschki D (1990) The pathogenesis of membranous glomerulonephritis: from morphology to molecules. Virchows Arch [Cell Pathol] 58: 253–271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Fukatsu A, Yuzawa Y, Olson L, Miller J, Andres G (1989) Interaction of antibodies with human glomerular epithelial cells. Lab Invest 61: 389–403

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Kerjaschki D (1989) Kinetics of immune deposits in membranous nephropathy. Kidney Int 35: 1423

    Google Scholar 

  59. Hancock WW, Kraft N, Clarke F, Atkins RC (1984) Production of monoclonal antibodies to fibronectin, type IV collagen and other antigens of the human glomerulus. Pathology 16: 197–206

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Horii Y, Muraguchi A, Iwano M, Matsuda T, Hirayama T, Yamada H, Fujii Y, Dohi K, Ishikawa H, Ohmoto Y, Yoshizaki K, Hirano T, Kishimoto T (1989) Involvement of IL-6 in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. J Immunol 143 (12): 3949–3955

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Suematsu S, Matsuda T, Aozasa K, Akira S, Nakano N, Ohno S, Miyazaki JI, Yamamura KI, Hirano, T, Kishimoto T (1989) IgG1 plasmacytosis in interleukin 6 transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (Immunol) 86: 7547–7551

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Okuda S, Languino LR, Ruoslanti E, Border WA (to be published) Elevated expression of transforming growth factor-beta and proteoglycan production in experimental glomerulo-nephritis: possible role in expansion of the mesangial extracellular matrix. J Clin Invest

    Google Scholar 

  63. MacKay K, Striker LJ, Elliot S, Pinkert CA, Brinster RL, Striker GE (1988) Glomerular epithelial, mesangial and endothelial cell lines from transgenic mice. Kidney Int 33: 677–684

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Ballerman BJ (1989) Regulation of bovine glomerular endothelial cell growth in vitro. Am J Physiol 256 (1 Pt 1): C182 - C189

    Google Scholar 

  65. Quigg RJ, Abrahamson DR, Cybulsky AV, Badalamenti J, Minto AW, Salant DJ (1989) Studies of antibodies to cultured rat glomerular epithelial cells. Subepithelial immune deposit formation after in vivo injection. Am J Pathol 134 (5): 1125–1133

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Adler S, Chen X, Eng B (1990) Control of rat glomerular epithelial cell growth in vitro. Kidney Int 37: 1048–1054

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Langhans T (1979) Über die Veränderungen der Glomeruli bei der Nephritis nebst einigen Bemerkungen über die Enstshung der Fibrinzylinder. Arch Pathol Physiol Klin Med 76: 85

    Google Scholar 

  68. Hancock WW, Atkins RC (1984) Cellular composition of crescents in human rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis identified using monoclonal antibodies. Am J Nephrol 3: 177181

    Google Scholar 

  69. Boucher A, Droz D, Adafer E, Laure-Helene N (1987) Relationship between the integrity of Bowman’s capsule and the composition of cellular crescents in human crescentic glomerulonephritis. Lab Invest 56 (5): 526–533

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Zoja C, Corna D, Macconi D, Zilio P, Bertani T, Remuzzi G (1990) Tissue plasminogen activator therapy of rabbit nephrotoxic nephritis. Lab Invest 62 (1): 34–40

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Li HL, Hancock WW, Dowling JP, Atkins RC (to be published) IL-2R mononuclear cell (MNC) composition of crescents in human crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) (abstract). Kidney Int

    Google Scholar 

  72. Risdon RA, Sloper JC, DeWardner HE (1968) Relationship between renal function and histological changes found in renal biopsy specimens from patients with persistent glomerulonephritis. Lancet II: 363–366

    Google Scholar 

  73. D’Amico G (1988) Role of interstitial infiltration of leukocytes in glomerular diseases. Nephrol Dial Transplant 3 (5): 596–600

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Markovic-Lipkovski J, Muller CA, Risler T, Bohle A, Muller GA (1990) Association of glomerular and interstitial mononuclear leukocytes with different forms of glomerulo-nephritis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 5: 10–17

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Alexopoulos E, Seron D, Hartley RB, Nolasco F, Cameron JS (1989) Immune mechanisms in idiopathic membranous nephropathy: the role of the interstitial infiltrates. Am J Kidney Dis 13 (5): 404–412

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Sabadini E, Castiglione A, Colasanti G, Ferrario F, D’Amico G (1988) Characterisation of interstitial infiltrating cells in Berger’s disease. Am J Kidney Dis 12: 307–315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Alexopoulos E, Scron D, Hartley RB, Nolasco F, Cameron JS (1989) The role of interstitial infiltrates in IgA nephropathy: a study with monoclonal antibodies. Nephrol Dial Transplant 4: 187–195

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. D’Agati UD, Appel GA, Estes D, Knowles DM, Pirani CL (1986) Monoclonal antibody identification of infiltrating mononuclear leucocytes in lupus nephritis. Kidney Int 30: 573–581

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Alexopoulos E, Seron D, Hartley RB, Cameron JS (1990) Lupus nephritis: correlation of interstitial cells with glomerular function. Kidney Int 37: 100–109

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Saito T, Atkins RC (1990) Contribution of mononuclear leucocytes to the progression of experimental focal glomerular sclerosis. Kidney Int 37: 1076–1083

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Schreiner GF, Harris KP, Purkerson ML, Klahr S (1988) Immunological aspects of acute ureteral obstruction: immune cell infiltrate in the kidney. Kidney Int 34 (4): 487–493

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Wuthrich RP, Jeunikar AM, Takei F, Glimcher LH, Kelley VE (1990) Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression is unregulated in autoimmune murine lupus nephritis. Am J Pathol 136: 441–450

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nephrology, Prince Henry’s Hospital, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia

    Robert C. Atkins

Authors
  1. Robert C. Atkins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Michinobu Hatano M.D. (Professor of Medicine, Director) (Professor of Medicine, Director)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer Japan

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Atkins, R.C. (1991). Pathogenesis of Glomerulonephritis — 1990. In: Hatano, M. (eds) Nephrology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-35158-1_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-35158-1_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-70074-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-35158-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation