Abstract
“Is it necessary in a theory of differentiation to assume that the differentiated state is irreversible?” In our present era, the answer to this question seemingly is “no”. Studies of genetic control mechanisms in bacteria make it reasonable to believe that most of the nuclear DNA is in the form of operons and regulatory genes which can be directly or indirectly influenced by the intracellular and extracellular environment. Stable patterns of gene activity responding to reversible feedback controls could be established without deletion of any part of the genetic apparatus (Jacob and Monod 1961). Thus, we have theoretical reasons for a negative answer to the qestion. Moreover, experimental evidence has accumulated in recent years suggesting that somatic plant cells (Braun, this volume) and animal nuclei (Gurdon 1964) can in some cases revert to embryonic morphology and regain total developmental capacity even though they were fully differentiated.
Supported by Grant HD-00143 from the United States Public Health Service.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allbrook, D.: An electron microscopic study of regenerating skeletal muscle. J. Anat. 96, 137–152 (1962).
Bandier, J.: Histologische Untersuchungen über die Regeneration von Landplanarien. Arch. Entwickl.-Mech. Org. 135, 316–348 (1937).
Bintliff, S., and B. E. Walker: Radioautographic study of skeletal muscle regeneration. Amer. J. Anat. 106, 233–245 (1960).
Bucher, L. R.: Experimental aspects of hepatic regeneration. New Engl. J. Med. 13, 686–696 (1967).
Butler, E. G.: The effects of X-radiation on the regeneration of the forelimbs of Amblystoma larvae. J. exp. Zool. 65, 271–315 (1933).
Cahn, R. D., and R. Lasher: Simultaneous synthesis of DNA and specialized cellular products by differentiating cartilage cells in vitro. Proc. nat. Acad. Sic. (Wash.) 58, 1131–1138 (1967).
Chalkley, D. T.: A quantitative histological analysis of forelimb regeneration in Triturus viridescens. J. Morph. 94, 21–70 (1954).
Deck, J. D.: Cytological changes in newt limb muscle after limb amputation. Anat. Rec. 160, 338 (1968).
Fraisse, P.: Die Regeneration von Geweben und Organen bei Wirbeltieren. Cassel-Berlin: T. Fischer 1885.
Gurdon, J. B.: The transplantation of living cell nulcei. In: Advances in Morphogenesis, (Ed.: M. Abercrombie and J. Brachet) Vol. 4, pp. 1–43. New York: Academie Press 1964.
Gurdon, J. B.: On the origin and persistence of a cytoplasmic state inducing nuclear DNA synthesis in frog’s eggs. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 58, 545–552 (1967).
Hay, E. D.: Cytological studies of dedifferentiation and differentiation in regenerating amphibian limbs. In: Regeneration (Ed.: D. Rudnick), pp. 177–210. New York: The Ronald Press Co. 1962.
Hay, E. D.: Embryological origin of the tissues. In: Textbook of histology. (Ed.: R. O. Greep), pp. 56–73. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co. 1966a.
Hay, E. D.: Regeneration. Biology study series. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. 1966b.
Hay, E. D., and D. A. Fischman: Origin of the blastema in regenerating limbs of the newt, Triturus viridescens. An autoradiographic study using tritiated thymidine to follow cell proliferation and migration. Develop. Biol. 3, 26–59 (1961).
Haynes, J., and A. L. Burnett: Dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of cells in Hydra viridis. Science 142, 1481–1483 (1963).
Holtzer, H.: Mitosis and cell transformations. In: General physiology of cell Specialization (Ed.: D. Mazia and A. Tyler). New York: McGraw-Hill Co. 1963.
Hyman, L. H.: The invertebrates. Vol. II. Platyhelminthes and rhynchocoela. The acoe-lomate bilateria, pp. 182–190. New York: McGraw-Hill Co. 1951.
Jacob, F., and J. Monod: Genetic regulatory mechanisms in synthesis of proteins. J. molec. Biol. 3, 318–356 (1961).
Kessel, R. G.: An electron microscope study of nuclear-cytoplasmic exchange in oocytes of Ciona intestinalis. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 15, 181–196 (1966).
Lang, P.: Über Regeneration bei Planarien. Arch. mikr. Anat. 79, 361–421 (1912).
Leblond, C. P., B. Messier, and B. Kopriwa: Thymidine-H3 as a tool for the investigation of the renewal of cell populations. Lab. Invest. 8, 296–308 (1959).
Lender, T.: Factors in morphogenesis of regenerating fresh-water planaria. In: Advances in Morphogenesis (Ed.: M. Abercrombie and J. Brachet), Vol.2, pp.305–331. New York: Academic Press Inc. 1962.
Manasek, F. J.: Mitosis in developing cardiac muscle. J. Cell Biol., in press (1967).
Needham, A. E.: Regeneration in the Arthropod and its endocrine control. In: Regeneration in animals and related problems (Ed.: V. Kiortsis and H. A. L. Trampusch), pp. 283–323. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co. 1965.
Nicholas, J. S.: Regeneration in vertebrates. In: Analysis of development (Ed.: B. H. Willier, P. A. Weiss, and V. Hamburger), pp. 674–698. New York: W. B. Saunders Co. 1955.
Norman, W. P., and A. J. Schmidt: The fine structure of limb tissues of the adult newt, Diemictylus viridescens. J. Morph. 123, 251–270 (1967).
Oberpriller, J.: A radioautographic analysis of the potency of blastema cells in the adult newt, Diemictylus virideciens. Growth 31, 251–296 (1967).
Puck, T. T., and J. Steffen: Life cycle analysis of mammalian cells. I. A method for localizing metabolic events within the life cycle, and its application to the action of colcemide and sublethal doses of X-irradiation. Biophys. J. 3, 379–397 (1963).
Reyer, R. W.: Regeneration in the amphibian eye. In: Regeneration (Ed.: D. Rudnick), pp. 211–265. New York: Ronald Press Co. 1962.
Rose, S. M.: Regeneration. In: Physiology of the amphibia (Ed.: J. A. Moore), pp. 545–622. New York: Academic Press, Inc. 1964.
Rose, F. S., and S. M. Rose: The role of normal epidermis in recovery of regenerative ability in x-rayed limbs of Triturus. Growth 29, 361–393 (1965).
Salpeter, M. M., and M. Singer: The fine structure of mesenchymatous cells in the regenerating forelimb of the adult newt. Triturus. Develop. Biol. 2, 516–534 (1960).
Schmidt, A. J.: The molecular basis of regeneration. Urbana: University 111. Press 1966.
Schmidt, A. J., and M. Weary: Localization of acid phosphatase in the regenerationg forelimb of the adult newt. Diemictylus viridescens. J. exp. Zool. 152, 101–114 (1963).
Schotte, O. E.: The origin and morphogenetic potencies of regenerates. Growth Suppl., 59–76 (1940).
Singer, M.: In: Regeneration in animals and related problems (Ed.: V. Kiortsis, and H. A. L. Trampusch), pp. 375–376. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co. 1965.
Singer, M., A. Weinberg, and R. L. Sidman: A study of limb regeneration in the adult newt, Triturus. by infusion of solutions of dye and other substances directly into the growth. J. exp. Zool. 128, 185–218 (1955).
Slautterback, D. B., and D. W. Fawcett: The development of the cnidoblasts of Hydra. An electron microscope study of cell differentiation. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 5, 441–452 (1959).
Spallanzani, L.: Dissertions relative to the natural history of animals and vegetables. Translated from the Italian. London 1789.
Steen, T.: Differentiation of chondrocytes during limb regeneration in the Axolotl (Siredon mexkanum). PhD Thesis, Yale University 1967.
Steinberg, M. S.: Cell movement, rate of regeneration, and the axial gradient in Tubularia. Biol. Bull. 108, 219–234 (1955).
Stephan-Dubois, F.: Les neoblastes dans la regeneration chez les planaires. In: Regeneration in animals and related problems (Ed.: V. Kiortsis and H. A. L. Trampusch), pp. 112–130. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co. 1965.
Steward, F. C.: The control of growth in plant cells. Sci. Amer. 209, 104–113 (1963).
Takata, C., J. F. Albright, and T. Yamada: Lens antigens in a lens regenerating system studied by the immunofluorescent technique. Develop. Biol. 9, 385–397 (1964).
Tardent, P.: Regeneration in the Hydrozoa. Biol. Rev. Biol. Rev. 38, 293–333 (1963).
Thornton, C. S.: The histogenesis of muscle in the regenerating forelimb of larval Amblystomapunctatum. J. Morph. 62, 17–47 (1938).
Thornton, C. S., Studies on the origin of the regeneration blastema in Triturus viridescens. J. exp. Zool. 89, 375–390 (1942).
Trampusch, H. A. L., and A. E. Harrebomée: Dedifferentiation a prerequisite of regeneration. In: Regeneration in animals and related problems. (Ed.: V. Kiortsis and H. A. L. Trampusch), pp. 341–374. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co. 1965.
Weiss, P.: Principles of development. New York: H. Holt and Co. 1939.
Weiss, P.: Perspectives in the field of morphogenesis. Quart. Rev. Biol. 25, 177–198 (1950).
Wolff, E.: Recent researches on the regeneration of Planaria. In: Regeneration (Ed.: D. Rudnick), 53–84. New York: Ronald Press Co. 1962.
Yamada, T.: Control of tissue specificity: the pattern of cellular synthetic activities in tissue transformation. Ann. Zool. 6, 21–31 (1966).
Yamada, T., and C. Takata: An autoradiographic study of protein synthesis in regenerative tissue transformation of iris into lens in the newt. Develop. Biol. 8, 358–369 (1963).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1968 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hay, E.D. (1968). Dedifferentiation and Metaplasia in Vertebrate and Invertebrate Regeneration. In: Ursprung, H. (eds) The Stability of the Differentiated State. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-35089-8_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-35089-8_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-34768-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-35089-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive