Abstract
Differentiated cells grow, develop and maintain their specialized properties during normal embryogenesis (Manasek 1968a, b). In certain tissues (e.g. skeletal muscle, pancreas, mammary gland, and hematopoietic tissues) the cells do not synthesize large amounts of specialized products until DNA replication and rapid cell division have ceased. Nonetheless, even in these tissues one can detect small but measurable amounts of their specialized proteins during the rapid growth phase of the stem cells (Rutter et al. 1967; Wessells 1967).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abbott, J., and H. Holtzer: The loss of phenotypic traits by differentiated cells. III. The reversible behaviour of chondrocytes in primary cultures. J. Cell Biol. 28, 473–487 (1966).
Abbott, J., and H. Holtzer: The loss of phenotypic traits by differentiated cells. V. The effect of 5-BUdR on cloned chondrocytes. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 59, 1144–1151 (1968).
Bernfield, M., and C. Grobstein: Personal communication and comments at the West Coast Regional Meerings of the Society for Developmental Biology, Asilomar (1967).
Berson, S. A., and R. S. Yalow: Quantitative aspects of the reaction between insulin and insulin-binding antibody. J. clin. Invest. 38, 1996–2016 (1959a).
Berson, S. A., and R. S. Yalow: Species specificity of human anti-beef, pork insulin serum. J. clin. Invest. 38, 2017–2025 (1959b).
Birnbaum, H. C., J. J. Péne, and J. E. Darnell: Studies on hela cell nuclear DNA-like RNA by RNA-DNA hybridization. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 58, 320–327 (1967).
Boveri, Th.: Über die Befruchtung des Eies von Ascaris megalocephala. S.-B. Ges. Morph. Phys. Bd. 3, München (1887).
Briggs, R., and T. J. King: Transplantation of living nuclei from blastula cells into enucleated frogs’ eggs. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 38, 455–473 (1952).
6 Cell Differentiation, Vol. 1
Britten, R. J., and D. E. Kohne: Repeated sequences for DNA. Science 161, 529–540 (1968.)
Cahn, R. D.: Maintenance of beating and dissociation of biochemical and functional differentiation of beating and dissociation of biochemical and functional differentiation in clones of chicken embryo heart cells. J. Cell Biol. 23, 17A (1964a).
Cahn, R. D.: Developmental changes in embryonic enzyme patterns: The effect of oxidative substrates on lactic dehydrogenase in beating chick embryonic heart cell cultures. Develop. Biol. 9, 327–346 (1964b).
Cahn, R. D.: Detergents in membrane filters. Science 155, 195–196 (1967).
Cahn, R. D.: Changes in enzyme patterns in functional heart pigmented retina and cartilage cells in culture. In: Factors influencing myocardial contractility. (Ed.: R. D. Tanz, J. Kavaler, and J. Roberts), pp. 293–299. New York-London: Academic Press 1967.
Cahn, R. D., and M.B.Cahn: Heritability of cellular differentiation: Clonal growth and expression of differentiation in retinal pigment cells in vitro. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 55, 106–114 (1966).
Cahn, R. D., M.B.Cahn., and R. Lasher: Heritability of cellular differentiation: Studies on growth and differentiation of mononuclear cells and interspecific fusion hybrids between pigmented retina and cartilage cells. J. Cell Biol. 35, 20A (1967).
Cahn, R. D., M.B.Cahn., M. Solursh: Heritability of differentiation in vitro: Control of expression at the level of synthesis of DNA-like RNA in cartilage and pigmented retina cell clones. Amer. Zool. 7, 750 (1967).
Cahn, R. D., M.B.Cahn., and Y. Okada: Methods for controlled fusion of various differentiated chick and quail cells grown in vitro. Manuscript in preparation (1968).
Cahn, R. D., and A. Clark: unpublished.
Cahn, R. D., H. C. Coon, and M. B. Cahn: Growth of differentiated cells: Cell culture and clonic techniques. In: Methods in developmental biology (Ed.: F. Wilt, and N. Wessells), pp. 493–530. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell 1968.
Cahn, R. D., and R. Lasher: Simultaneous synthesis of DNA and specialized cellular products by differentiating cartilage cells in vitro. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 58, 1131–1138 (1967).
Coleman, J.: Symposium presentation at VIII Internation. Congress of Embryology. Interlaken, Switzerland (1967).
Coleman, J., and A. W. Coleman: Reversible inhibition of clonal myogenesis bv 5-BUDR. J. Cell Biol. 31, 22A (1966).
Coon, H. C.: The retention of differentiated function among clonal and subclonal progeny of precartilage and cartilage cells from chicken embryos. J. Cell Biol. 23, 20A (1964).
Coon, H. C.: Clonal stability and phenotypic expression of chick cartilage cells in vitro. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 55, 66–73 (1966).
Coon, H. C.: Hybrid cell strain formation by virus-induced fusion of colcemid-arrested metaphases. J. Cell Biol. 35, 27A (1967).
Coon, H. C., and R. D. Cahn: Differentiation in vitro. Effects of sephadex fractions of embryo extract. Science 153, 1116–1119 (1966).
Coon, H. C., and G. Marzullo: Chondroitin sulfate synthesis in clonal cultures of embryonic chick cartilage. Abstract. Seventh Internat. Congr. of Biochem. (1967).
Coulombre, A. J.: Correlations of structural and biochemical changes in the developing retina of the chick. Amer. J. Anat. 96, 153–190 (1955).
Cox, R. P., and C. M. MacLeod: Alkaline phosphatase content and the effects of prednisolone on mammalian cells in culture. J. genet. Physiol. 45, 439–485 (1962).
Davidson, R., and B. Ephrussi: A selective system for the isolation of hybrids between L cells and normal cells. Nature (Lond.) 205, 1170–1171 (1965).
Davies, L. M., J. H. Priest, and R. E. Priest: Collagen synthesis by cells synchronously replicating DNA. Science 159, 91–93 (1967).
Ephrussi, B., and H. M. Temin: Infection of chick iris epithelium with the Rous Sarcoma virus in vitro. Virology 11, 547–552 (1960).
Ephrussi, B., and M. C. Weiss: Interspecific hybridization of somatic cells. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash. 53, 1040–1042 (1965).
Ephrussi, B., and M. C. Weiss: Regulation of the cell cycle in mammalian cells: Inferences and speculations based on observations of interspecific somatic hybrids. In: Control mechanisms in developmental processes (26th Symposium of the Society for Developmental Biology). (Ed.: M. Locke). New York: Academic Press 1968.
Fell, H. B.: Personal communication (1967). Green, H., B. Ephrussi, M. Yashida, and D. Hamerman: Synthesis of collagen and hyaluronic acid by fibroblast hybrids. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 55, 41–44 (1966).
Grobstein, C.: Differentiation of vertebrate cells. In The Cell (Ed.: J. Brachet, and A. Mirsky), Vol. 1, pp. 437–496. New York: Academic Press 1959.
Grobstein, C.: Interaction among cells in relation to cytodifferentiation. J. exp. Zool. 157, 121–125 (1964).
Gurdon, J. B.: The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles. J. Embryol. exp. Morph. 10, 622–640 (1962).
Harris, H.: Nuclear ribonucleic acid. Progr. Nucl. Acid Res. 2, 19–59 (1963).
Harris, H.: Behaviour of differentiated nuclei in heterokaryons of animal cells from different species. Nature (Lond.) 206, 583–588 (1965).
Harris, H.: Hybrid cells from mouse and man (Lond.): a study in genetic regulation. Proc. roy. Soc. Ser. B. 166, 358–368 (1966).
Harris, H.: The reactivation of the cell nucleus. J. Cell Sci. 2, 23–32 (1967).
Harris, H., and J. F. Watkins: Hybrid cells derived from mouse and man: Artificial heterokaryons of mammalian cells from different species. Nature (Lond.) 205, 640–646 (1965).
Harris, H., J. F. Watkins., G. Le M. Campbell, E. P. Evams, and C. E. Ford: Mitosis in hybrid cells derived from mouse and man. Nature (Lond.) 207, 606–608 (1965).
Harris, H., J. F. Watkins., C. E. Ford, and G. I. Schoefl: Artificial Heterokaryons of animal cells from different species. J. Cell Sci. 1 1–30 (1966).
Holtzer, H., J. Abbott, J. Lash, and S. Holtzer: The loss of phenotypic trait by differentiated cells in vitro. I. Dedifferentiation of cartilage cells. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 46, 1533–1542 (1960).
King, T. J., and R. Briggs: Transplantation of living nuclei of late gastrula into enucleated eggs of Rana pipiens. J. Embryol. exp. Morph. 2, 73–80 (1954).
King, T. J., and R. Briggs: Serial transplantation of embryonic nuclei. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 21, 271–290 (1956).
Kohne, D.: Symposium presentation at VIII International Congress of Embryology, Interlaken, Switzerland (1967).
Lasher, R., and R. Cahn: The effects of 5-BUdR on the differentiation of chondrocytes in vitro. Develop. Biol. (1968) in press.
Littlefield, J. W.: Selection of hybride from matings of fibroblasts in vitro and their presumed recombinants. Science 145, 709–710 (1964).
Manasek, F. J.: Mitosis in developing cardiac muscle. J. Cell Biol. 37, 191–195 (1968).
Marzullo, G., and J. W. Lash: Separation of phosphorylated and UDP derivatives of hexosamines and acetylhexosamines by TLC. Anal. Biochem. 18, 579–582 (1967).
Marzullo, G., and J. W. Lash: Acquisition of the chondrocytic phenotyp. In: Morphological and biochemical aspects of cytodifferentiation. Basel: Karger 1968.
Melnykovych, G.: Glucocorticoid-induced resistance to deoxycholate lysis in hela cells. Science 152, 1086–1087 (1966).
Nameroff, M., and H. Holtzer: Loss of phenotypic traits by differentiated cell. IV. Changes in polysaccharides produced by dividing chondrocytes. Develop. Biol. 16, 250–281 (1967).
Okada, Y.: Analysis of giant polynuclear cell formation caused by HVJ virus from Ehrlich’s ascites tumor cells. I. Microscopic observation of giant polynuclear cell formation. Exp. Cell Res. 26, 98–107 (1962a).
Okada, Y.: Analysis of giant polynuclear cell formation caused by HVJ virus from EhrJich’s ascites tumor cells. III. Relationship between cell condition and fusion reaction of cell degeneration reaction. Exp. Cell Res. 26, 119–128 (1962b).
Okada, Y., and Y. Hosokowa: Isolation of a new variant of HVJ showing low cell fusion activity. Biken J. 4, No. 3, 217–220 (1961).
Okada, Y., and F. Murayama: Multinucleated giant cell formation by fusion between cells of different strains. Biken J. 8, 7–12 (1965).
Okada, Y., and F. Murayama: Requirement of calcium ions for the cell fusion reaction of animal cells by HVJ. Exp. Cell Res. 44, 527–551 (1966).
Okada, Y., F. Murayama., and K. Yamada: Requirement of energy for the cell fusion reaction of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by HVJ. Virology 27, 115–130 (1966).
Okada, Y., and J. Tadokoro: Analysis of giant polynuclear cell formation caused by HVJ virus from Ehrlich’s ascites tumor cells. II. Quantitative analysis of giant polynuclear cell formation. Exp. Cell Res. 26, 108–118 (1962).
Okada, Y., and J. Tadokoro: The distribution of cell fusion capacity among several cell strains of cells caused by HVJ. Exp. Cell Res. 32, 417–430 (1963).
Okada, Y., K. Yamada, and J. Tadokoro: Effect of antiserum on the cell fusion reaction caused by HVJ. Virology 22, 397–409 (1964).
Penman, S., C. Vesco, and M. Penman: Localization and kinetics of formation of nuclear heterodisperse RNA, cytoplasmic heterodisperse RNA and polyribosome-associated messenger RNA in HeLa cells. J. molec. Biol. 34, 49–69 (1968).
Rutter, W. J., W. Ball, W. Bradshaw, W. R. Clark, and T. C. Sanders: Morphological and molecular analogy in cytodifferentiation. In: Secretory mechanisms of salivary glands. (Ed.: L. H. Schneyer, and C. A. Schneyer), pp. 238–253. New York: Academic Press 1967 a.
Rutter, W. J., W. Ball, W. Bradshaw, W. R. Clark, and T. G. Sanders: Levels of regulation in cytodifferentiation. In: Experimental Biology and Medizin, Vol. 1, pp. 110–124. Basel-New York: S. Karger 1967 c.
Rutter, W. J., W. R. Clark, J. D. Kemp, W. S. Bradshaw, T. G. Sanders, and W. D. Ball: Multiphasic regulation in cytodifferentiation. In: Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions. (Ed.: Raul Fleischmajer). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins 1967b.
Schimke, R. T.: The importance of both synthesis and degradation in the control of arginase levels in rat liver. J. biol. Chem. 239, 3808–3817 (1964).
Schimke, R. T., E. W. Sweeny, and C. M. Berlin: The rolse of synthesis and degradation in the control of rat liver tryptophan purrolase. J. biol. Chem. 240, 322–333 (1965).
Spemann, H.: Die Entwicklung seitlicher und dorso-ventraler Keimhälften bei verzögerter Kernversorgung. Z. wiss. Zool. 132, 105–134 (1928).
Spiegelman, S.: Differentiation as the controlled production of unique enzymatic patterns. Symposia. Soc. exp. Biol. 2, 286–325 (1948).
Spirin, A. S.: On “masked” forms of messenger RNA in early embryogenesis and in other differentiating systems. In: Current topics in developmental biology (Ed.: A. Monroy, and A. A. Moscona). New York-London: Academic Press 1966.
Stockdale, F., K. Okazaki, M. Nameroff, and H. Holtzer: 5-Bromodeoxyuridine: Effect on myogenesis in vitro. Science 146, 533–535 (1964).
Stockdale, F., W. G. Juergens, and Y. J. Topper: A histological and biochemical study of hormone dependent differentiation of mammary gland tissue in vitro. Develop. Biol. 13, 266–281 (1966).
Watkins, J. F., and D. M. Grace: Studies on the surface antigens of interspecific mammalian cell heterokaryons. J. Cell Sci. 2, 193–204 (1967).
Weiss, M. C., and H. Green: Human-mouse cell lines containing partial complements of human chromosomes and functioning human genes. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 58, 1104–1111 (1967).
Wessells, N.: Address to VIII Intl. Congress on Embryology, Interlaken, Switzerland (1967).
Whittaker, J. R.: Changes in morphogenesis during the dedifferentiation of chick retinal pigment cells in cell culture. Develop. Biol. 8, 99–127 (1963).
Whittaker, J. R.: Loss of melanotic phenotype in vitro by differentiated retinal pigment cells: Demonstration of mechanisms involved. Develop. Biol. 15, 553–574 (1967).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1968 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Cahn, R.D. (1968). Factors Affecting Inheritance and Expression of Differentiation: Some Methods of Analysis. In: Ursprung, H. (eds) The Stability of the Differentiated State. Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-35089-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-35089-8_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-34768-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-35089-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive