Zusammenfassung
Endokrine Disruptoren sind Stoffe, die das Hormonsystem in vielfältiger Weise beeinflussen können. Am besten untersucht ist der Einfluß von estrogenartig wirkenden Substanzen auf die Reproduktion, aber auch auf die Tumorentstehung gibt es eine nachweisbare Wirkung. Allerdings können auch andere Hormonsysteme, wie beispielsweise das Schilddrüsenhormon-system, durch endokrine Disruptoren in ihrer Funktionsweise verändert werden. Bei welchen Substanzen bislang eine Wirkung auf das Hormonsystem nachgewiesen werden konnte und wie vielfältig diese Stoffe in die Regelkreise eingreifen, erfahren Sie in dem folgenden Beitrag.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Kavlock R.J., et al. (1996): Research needs for risk assessment of health and environmental effects of endocrine disruptors: A report of the U.S. EPA-sponsored workshop. Environ. Health Perspect. 104, 715–740.
Cook J.W., Dodds E.C., Hewett C.L. (1933): A synthetic oestrus-exciting compound. Nature 131, 56.
Dodds E.C. & Lawson W. (1936): Synthetic estrogenic agents without the phenanthrene nucleus. Nature 137, 996.
Dodds E.C., Golberg L., Lawson W., Robinson R. (1938): Oestrogenic activity of certain synthetic compounds. Nature 141, 247–248.
Tullner W.W. (1961): Uterotrophic action of the insecticide methoxychlor. Science 133, 647–648.
Bitman J., Cecil H.C., Harris S.J., Fries G.F. (1968): Estrogenic activity ofo,p’-DDT in mammalian uterus and avian oviduct. Science 162, 371–372.
Bitman J. & Cecil H.C. (1970): Estrogenic activity of DDT analogs and polychlorinated biphenyls. J. Agr. Food Chem. 18, 1108–1112.
Fry D.M. & Toone C.K. (1981). DDT-induced feminization of gull embryos. Science 213, 922–924.
Soto A.M., Justicia H., Wray J.W., Sonnenschein C. (1991): p-nonyl-phenol: an estrogenic xenobiotic released from »modified« polystyrene. Environ. Health Perspect. 92, 167–173.
Soto A.M., Lin T.-M., Justicia H., Silvia R.M., Sonnenschein C. (1992): An »in culture« bioassay to assess the estrogenicity of xenobiotics (E-screen). In: Chemically-induced alterations in sexual and functional development: the wildlife/human connection (T. Colborn, C. Clement, eds.). Princeton NJ: Princeton Scientific Publishing, 295–309.
Soto A.M., Chung K.L., Sonnenschein C. (1994): The pesticides endosulfan, toxaphene, and dieldrin have estrogenic effects on human estrogen-sensitive cells. Environ. Health Perspect. 102, 380–383.
Soto A.M., Sonnenschein C., Chung K.L., Fernandez M.F., Olea N., Olea-Serrano M.F. (1995): The E-Screen assay as a tool to identify estrogens: an update on estrogenic environmental pollutants. Environ. Health Perspect. 103 Suppl. 7, 113–122.
Jobling S., Reynolds T., White R., Parker M.G., Sumpter J.P. (1995): A variety of environmentally persistent chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are weakly estrogenic. Environ. Health Perspect. 103, 582–587.
Klotz D.M., Beckman B.S., Hill S.M., McLachlan J.A., Walters M. R., Arnold S.F. (1996): Identification of environmental chemicals with estrogenic activity using a combination of in vitro assays. Environ. Health Perspect. 104, 1084–1089.
Sharpe R.M., Fisher J.S., Millar M.M., Jobling S., Sumpter J.P. (1995): Gestational and lactational exposure of rats to xenoestrogens results in reduced testicular size and sperm production. Environ Health Persp. 103, 1136–1143.
Gimeno S., Gerritsen A., Bowmer T., Komen H. (1996): Feminization of male carp. Nature 384, 221–222.
Jobling S., Sheahan D., Osborne J.A., Matthiessen P., Sumpter J.P. (1996): Inhibition of testicular growth in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to estrogenic alkylphenolic chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem 15, 194–202.
Ramsdell H.S., Blandin D.A., Schmechel T.R. (1996): Developmental effects and biochemical markers of alkylphenol exposure in frog larvae. Proceedings, 17 Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Washington, DC, November 17–21, p 140.
Allen E. & Doisy E.A. (1923): JAMA 81, 819
Routledge E.J. & Sumpter J. P. (1996): Estrogenic activity of surfactants and some of their degradation products assessed using a recombinant yeast screen. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15, 241–248.
Körner W., Hanf V., Schuller W., Bartsch H., Zwirner M., Hagenmaier H. (1998): Validation and application of a rapid in vitro assay for assessing the estrogenic potency of halogenated phenolic chemicals. Chemosphere 37, 2395–2407.
Hackenberg R., Lüttchens S., Hofmann J., Kunzmann R., Hölzel F. and Schulz K.-D. (1991): Androgen sensitivity of the new human breast cancer cell line MFM-223. Cancer Res. 51, 5722–5727.
Körner W., Hanf V., Oettling G., Schuller W., Hagenmaier H. (1997): Effects of tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol on proliferation of human breast cancer cells. Organohalogen Compounds 34, 364–369.
Szelei J., Jimenez J., Soto A.M., Luizzi M.F., Sonnenschein C. (1997): Androgen-induced inhibition of proliferation in human breast cancer MCF7 cells transfected with androgen receptor. Endocrinology 138, 1406–1412.
Kelce W.R., Monosson E., Gamcsik M.P., Laws S.C., Gray Jr. L.E. (1994): Environmental hormone disruptors: Evidence that vinclozolin developmental toxicity is mediated by antiandrogenic metabolites. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 126, 276–285.
Hertz R. (1985): The estrogen problem retrospect and prospect. In: Estrogens in the Environment II — Influences on Development (McLachlan J.A., ed). New York: Elsevier, 1–11.
Gellert R.J. (1978): Kepone, Mirex, dieldrin, and aldrin: estrogenic activity and the induction of persistent vaginal estrus and anovulation in rats following neonatal treatment. Environmental Research 16, 131–138.
Gellert R.J. (1978): Uterotrophic activity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and induction of precocious reproductive aging in neonatally treated female rats. Environmental Research 16, 123–130.
Loeber J.G. & Van Velsen F.L. (1984): Uterotropic effect of b-HCH, a food chain contaminant. Food Addit. Contam. 1, 63–66.
Wester P.J., Canton J.H., Bisschop A. (1985): Histopathological study of Poecilia reticulata (guppy) after long-term β-hexachloro-cyclohexane exposure. Aquat. Toxicol. 6, 271–296.
Gupta P.K. & Gupta R.C. (1979): Pharmacology, toxicology and degradation of endosulfan. A review. Toxicology 13, 115–130.
Singh S.K. & Pandey R.S. (1990): Effect of sub-chronic endosulfan exposures on plasma gonadotropins, testosterone, testicular testosterone and enzymes of androgen biosynthesis in rat. Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 28, 953–956.
Wine R.N., Li L.-H., Hommel Barnes L., Gulati D.K., Chapín R.E. (1997): The reproductive toxicity of di-n-butylphthalate in a continuous breeding protocol in Sprague-Dawley rats. Environ. Health Perspect. 105, 102–107.
Sharpe R.M., Turner K.T., Sumpter J.P. (1998): Endocrine disruptors and testis development. Environ Health Persp. 106, A220–A221.
Schuller W. (1998): Etablierung und praktische Anwendung eines Testsystems mit humanen Brustkrebszellinien zum Nachweis estrogenartiger Wirkungen (E-Screen-Assay). Dissertation. Universität Tübingen, Fakultät für Biologie.
Soto A.M., Sonnenschein C., Murray M.K., Michaelson G.L. (1998): Estrogenic plasticizers and antioxidants. In: Eisenbrand G. et al. (eds). Hormonally active agents in food: symposium / Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, S. 142–160.
Harries C.A., Henttu P., Parker M.G., Sumpter J.P. (1997): The estrogenic activity of phthalate esters in vitro. Environ. Health Perspect. 105, 802–811.
Aeschlimann A., Graf U., Bourgeois P.: Umweltchemikalien: ihre klinische Bedeutung in der Rheumatologie. Schweiz. Rundschau Med, 80, Nr. 43: 1190–1196, 1991.
Bourgeois P., Aeschlimann A., Bourgeois-Drouin C.: Sclérodermies. In: Traité des maladies systémiques. Kahn M. F.; Peltier A.P.; Meyer O., Piette J. E.(éds.). 3. éd. Flammarion Médecine-Science, Paris, 4 (R press)
Bourgeois P., Elleuch M., Barranquero A.: Sclérodermies et autres connectivites induites non médicamenteuses. In: L’actualité rhumatologique. de Sèze S., Ryckewaert A., Kahn M.F., Guérin C. (éds.). Expansion scientifique francaise, Paris, 54–63, 1985.
Aeschlimann A., de Truchis P., Kahn M. F.: Scleroderma after therapy with appetite suppressants. Reports on four cases. Scand. J. Rheumatol. 19: 87–90, 1990.
Bourgeois P., Aeschlimann A.: Drug-induced scleroderma. In: Drug-induced rheumatic diseases. Baillière’s Clinical Rheumatology 5: 13–20, 1991.
Straniero N. R., Furst D. E.: Environmentally induced systemic sclerosis-like illness. In: Occupational rheumatic diseases. Balint G. P., Buchanan W. W. (eds.), Baillières. Clinical Rheumatology 3: 63–79, 1989.
Alozo-Ruiz A., Zea-Mendoza A. C., Salazar-Vallinas J. M.: Toxic oil syndrome: A syndrome with features overlapping those from various forma of scleroderma. Sem. Arthritis Rheum. 15 [3]: 200–221, 1986.
Shulman L. E.: The eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with ingestion of ¿-Tryptophan. Editorial Arthritis Rheum. 33: 913–917, 1990.
Gilsanz V., Lopez Alvarez J. D., Serrano S.: Evolution of the alimentary toxic oil syndrome due to ingestion of denaturated rapeseed oil. Arch. Int. Med. 144: 254–265, 1984.
Tabuenca J. M.: Toxic-allergic syndrome with aniline. Lancet II: 567–568, 1981.
Pestana A., Munoz E.: Anilides and the Spanish toxic oil syndrome. Nature 298: 608, 1982.
Vicario J. L., Serrano Rios M., San Andres F., Arnais Villena A.: HLA DR3, DR4 increase in chronic stage of Spanish oil disease. Lancet I: 276, 1982.
von Schonfeld J., Breuer N.: Vinylchlorid und Hamangiosarkom der Leber. Med. Klin., Sept 15; 86 [9]: 482–484, 1991.
Wilson R. H., McCormick W., E., Tatum C. F.: Occupational acroosteolysis. Report of 31 cases. J. Am. Med. Ass. 201: 577–581, 1967
Veltman G., Lange C. E., Juhe S., Stein G., Bachner V.: Clinical manifestations and course of vinyl chlorid disease. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 246: 6–17, 1975.
Ward A. M., Udnoon S., Watkins J.: Immunological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of vinyl chlorid disease. Br. Med. f. 1: 936–938, 1976.
Black O. M., Welch K. I., Walcker A. E., Bernstein R. M., Catoggio L. J., McGregor, A. R., Jones J. K. L.: Genetic susceptibility to scleroderma-like syndrom induced by vinyl chlorid. Lancet I: 53–63, 1983.
Yamakage A., Ishikawa H.: Generalized morphea-like scleroderma occuring in people exposed to organic solvents. Dermatologica 165: 186–193, 1982.
Nietert P. J., Sutherland S. E., Silver R. M., Pandey J. P., Knapp R. G., Hoel D. G., Dosemeci M.: Is occupational organic solvent exposure a risk factor for scleroderma? Arthritis Rheum, Vol 41, No. 6: 1111–1118, June 1998.
Sparrow G. P.: A connective tissue disorder similar to vinyl chlorid disease in a patient expose to perchlorethylene. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 2: 17–22, 1977.
Bolt H., Filser J.: Irreversible binding of chlorinated ethylenes to macromolecules. Environ Health Perspect, 21: 107–112, 1977
Rocci P., Prodi G., Grilli S., Ferreri A.: In vivo and in vitro binding of carbon tetrachloride with nucleic acids and proteins in rat and mouse liver. Int. J. Cancer, 11: 419–425, 1973.
Khan M., Kaphalia B., Prabhakar B., Kanz M., Ansari G.: Trichloroethylene-inducedautoimmune response infernale MRL +/+ mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 134: 155–160, 1995.
Byers V., Levin A., Ozonoff D., Baldwin R.: Association between clinical symptoms and lymphocyte abnormalities in a population with chronic domestic exposure to industrial solvent-contaminated domestic water supply and a high incidence of leukaemia. Cancer Immunol. Immunother, 27: 77–81, 1988.
Walder B. K.: Do solvents cause scleroderma? Int. J. Derm. 22: 157, 1983.
Czirjak L., Szegedi G.: Benzene exposure and systemic sclerosis (letter). Ann. Intern. Med. 107: 118, 1987.
Yamakage A., Ishikawa H., Saito Y., Hattori A.: Occupational scleroderma-like disorder occuring in men engaged in the polymerization of epoxy resins. Dermatologica 161: 33–34, 1980.
Thorgeirsson A., Fregert S., Ramnas O.: Sensitization capacity of epoxy resin oligomers in the Guinea pig. Acta Derm. Vener. 58: 17–21, 1978.
Erasmus L. D.: Scleroderma in gold-miners on the Witwatersand with Particular reference to pulmonary manifestations. South Afr. J. Clin. Med. 3: 209–231, 1957.
Rodnan G. P., Benedek T. G., Medsger T. A.: The association of progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) with coal miner’s pneumoconiosis and other forms of silicosis. Ann. Int. Med. 66:323–334, 1966
Conrad K., Levy Y., Blank M., Mehlhorn J., Frank K. H., Roch B., Shoenfeld Y.: The pathogenic 16/6 idiotype in patients with silica associated systemic lupus erythematosus and uranium miners with increased risk for development of SLE. J Rheum 2514:, 660–666, 1998.
Wiethege Th.: Expression von TNF alpha in Alveolarmakrophagen nach Stimulation mit Quarzstaub, Schweissrauchstaub und Asbestfasern. Pneumologie 46: 621–625, 1992.
Reiser K. M., Last J. A.: Silicosis and fibrogenesis: fact and artefact. Toxicology 13: 51–72, 1979.
Rihs H. P., Conrad K., Mehlhorn J., May-Taube K, Welticke B, Frank K. H., Baur X.: Untersuchungen über die Assoziation zwischen HLA-D-Allelen und dem Auftreten sklerodermietypischer Autoantikörper unter quarzstaubexponierten Personen. Z. ärztl. Fortbild. 88: 513–518, 1994.
Van Nunen S. A., Gatensby P. A., Basten A.: Post-mammoplasty connective tissue disease. Arhtritis Rheum. 25: 694–697, 1982.
Tretter F.(1993) Umweltmedizin und Humanökologie. In: Aurand K, Hazard B.P., Tretter F. (Hrsg). Umweltbelastungen und Ängste. Erkennen, Bewerten, Vermeiden. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 28–50.
Lazarus R.S., Lounier R.(1978) Stress related transactions between person and environment. In: Pervin L., Lewis M. (eds) Perspectives in Interactional Psychology. Plenum Press New York, 287–327
Ruff F.M. (1993) Risikokommunikation als Aufgabe fur die Umweltmedizin. In: Aurand K., Hazard B.P. Tretter F. (Hrsg). Umweltbelastungen und Ängste. Erkennen, Bewerten, Vermeiden. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 327–364.
Nix W. (1996) MCS/IEI und CFS: Diagnose multiple-chemical-sensitivity und chronic fatique syndrome. Bewertung des Symptoms »Erschöpfbarkeit«. Umweltmedizin in Forschung und Praxis 1: 229–238
Pennebaker J. (1994) Psychological bases of symptom reporting: perceptual and emotional aspects of chemical sensitivity. Toxicol Ind Health 10: 497–511
Staudenmayer H., Selner M., Selner J. (1993) Adult sequelae of childhood abuse presenting environmental illness. Ann Allergy 71: 538–546
Reko K. (1984) The psychosocial impact of environmental disasters. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1984, 655–661.
Horowitz M. (1983) Psychological response to serious life events. In: Breznitz S. (editor) The Denial of Stress. New York: International Universities Press, 129–160.
Richter H.E. (1989) Die Bedeutung der Psychologie in der Medizin. Psychother med Psychol 39:51–57
Petri H. (1991) Zur Psychoanalyse der vergifteten Kindheit. Psychother med Psychol 1991, 155–165.
Richter H.E. (1990) Der schwierige Weg einer kritischen Psychosomatik. Psychother med Psychol 40:318–323.
Vyner H.M. (1988) Invisible trauma. Toronto: Lexington Books Massachusetts
Foulks E., McLellen T. (1992) Psychological sequelae of chronic toxic waste exposure. Southern Medical Journal 85:122–126.
Edelstein M. (1988) Contaminated Communities. The social and psychological impacts of residential toxic exposure. Boulder & London: Westview Press
Schimmelpfennig W. (1996) Umweltbedingte Gesundheitsstörungen. Umweltmedizin in Forschung und Praxis 1: 211–213
Cullen M. (1987) The worker with multiple chemical hypersensitivities: an overview. Occup Med State Art Rev 2: 655–661
Workshop zu Multiple Chemical Sensitivities (MCS) (1996) Bericht der IPCS (International Program on Chemical Safety). Unveröffentlicht.
Fukuda K., Straus S.E., Hickie I., Sharpe M., Dobbins Y., Kumaroff A. (1994) The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. A comprehensive approach to its definition, and study. Ann Intern Med 121: 953–959
Brodsky C. (1987) Multiple chemical sensitivities and other environmental illness: a psychiatrists view. In: Cullen M. (ed) Workers with multiple chemical sensitivities. Occup Med State Art Rev. Philadelphia: Henley & Belfus 2: 695–704
Terr A. (1986) Environmental illness. Arch Intern Med 146: 145–149
Sparks P., Simon G., Katon W., Altman L., Ayars G, Johnson R (1990) An outbreak of illness among aerospace workers. West J Med 153: 28–33
Fiedler N., Kipen H., DeLuca J., Kelly Mc Neil K., Natelson B. (1996) A controlled comparison of multiple chemical sensitivities and chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychosom Med 58: 38–49
Black D., Rathe A., Goldstein R. (1990) Environmental illness.- A controlled study of 26 subjects with »20th century disease«. JAMA 264: 3166–3170
Simon G.E., Wayne J.K., Sparks P.J. (1990) Allergic to life: Psychobgical factors in environmental illness. Am J Psychiatry 117: 901–906
Malt Li., Nerdrum P., Oppedal B., Gundersen R., Holte M., Löne J. (1997) Physical and mental problems attributed to dental amalgam fillings: a descriptive study of 99 self-referred patients compared with 272 controls. Psychosom Med 59: 32–41
Terr A. (1989) Clinical ecology in the workplace. J Occup Med 31: 257–261
Davidoff A., Keyl P. (1996) Symptoms and health in individuals with multiple chemical sensitivities syndrome from four reported sensitizing exposures and a general population comparison group. Arch Environ Health 51: 201–213
Sparks P., Daniell W., Black D., Kipen H., Altman L., Simon G., Terr A. (1994) Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome: A clinical perspective. J Occup Med 36: 718–737
Weiner H. (1983) Gesundheit, Krankheitsgefühl und Krankheit; Ansätze zu einem integrativen Verständnis. Psychother Med Psychol 33: 15–34
Küchenhoff J. (1994) Spezifitätsmodelle in der psychosomatischen Medizin; Rückblick auf eine alte Kontroverse. Zeitschr Psychosom Medizin und Psychoanalyse 40: 236–248
Plassmann R. (1997) Psychosomatische Erkrankungen auf dem Gebiet der Umweltmedizin. Zeitschrift fur Ärztliche Fortbildung. Qualitätssicherung 91: 43–49
Gieler U., Bullinger M., Behrendt H. et al (1998) Therapeutische Aspekte des multiple chemical sensitivity Syndroms. Umweltmedizin in Forschung und Praxis 3: 3–10
Schüffel W., Hermann J.M., Dahme B., Richter R. (1990) Asthma bronchiale. In: von Uexküll T (Hrsg). Psychosomatische Medizin. München Wien Baltimore: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 745–760.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Beyer, A., Eis, D. (1999). Symptome, Befunde und Krankheiten unter umweltmedizinischem Aspekt. In: Beyer, A., Eis, D. (eds) Praktische Umweltmedizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-30264-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-30264-4_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-30265-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-30264-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive