Skip to main content

Symptome, Befunde und Krankheiten unter umweltmedizinischem Aspekt

  • Chapter
Praktische Umweltmedizin
  • 19 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Endokrine Disruptoren sind Stoffe, die das Hormonsystem in vielfältiger Weise beeinflussen können. Am besten untersucht ist der Einfluß von estrogenartig wirkenden Substanzen auf die Reproduktion, aber auch auf die Tumorentstehung gibt es eine nachweisbare Wirkung. Allerdings können auch andere Hormonsysteme, wie beispielsweise das Schilddrüsenhormon-system, durch endokrine Disruptoren in ihrer Funktionsweise verändert werden. Bei welchen Substanzen bislang eine Wirkung auf das Hormonsystem nachgewiesen werden konnte und wie vielfältig diese Stoffe in die Regelkreise eingreifen, erfahren Sie in dem folgenden Beitrag.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Kavlock R.J., et al. (1996): Research needs for risk assessment of health and environmental effects of endocrine disruptors: A report of the U.S. EPA-sponsored workshop. Environ. Health Perspect. 104, 715–740.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cook J.W., Dodds E.C., Hewett C.L. (1933): A synthetic oestrus-exciting compound. Nature 131, 56.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Dodds E.C. & Lawson W. (1936): Synthetic estrogenic agents without the phenanthrene nucleus. Nature 137, 996.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Dodds E.C., Golberg L., Lawson W., Robinson R. (1938): Oestrogenic activity of certain synthetic compounds. Nature 141, 247–248.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Tullner W.W. (1961): Uterotrophic action of the insecticide methoxychlor. Science 133, 647–648.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bitman J., Cecil H.C., Harris S.J., Fries G.F. (1968): Estrogenic activity ofo,p’-DDT in mammalian uterus and avian oviduct. Science 162, 371–372.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bitman J. & Cecil H.C. (1970): Estrogenic activity of DDT analogs and polychlorinated biphenyls. J. Agr. Food Chem. 18, 1108–1112.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Fry D.M. & Toone C.K. (1981). DDT-induced feminization of gull embryos. Science 213, 922–924.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Soto A.M., Justicia H., Wray J.W., Sonnenschein C. (1991): p-nonyl-phenol: an estrogenic xenobiotic released from »modified« polystyrene. Environ. Health Perspect. 92, 167–173.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Soto A.M., Lin T.-M., Justicia H., Silvia R.M., Sonnenschein C. (1992): An »in culture« bioassay to assess the estrogenicity of xenobiotics (E-screen). In: Chemically-induced alterations in sexual and functional development: the wildlife/human connection (T. Colborn, C. Clement, eds.). Princeton NJ: Princeton Scientific Publishing, 295–309.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Soto A.M., Chung K.L., Sonnenschein C. (1994): The pesticides endosulfan, toxaphene, and dieldrin have estrogenic effects on human estrogen-sensitive cells. Environ. Health Perspect. 102, 380–383.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Soto A.M., Sonnenschein C., Chung K.L., Fernandez M.F., Olea N., Olea-Serrano M.F. (1995): The E-Screen assay as a tool to identify estrogens: an update on estrogenic environmental pollutants. Environ. Health Perspect. 103 Suppl. 7, 113–122.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Jobling S., Reynolds T., White R., Parker M.G., Sumpter J.P. (1995): A variety of environmentally persistent chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are weakly estrogenic. Environ. Health Perspect. 103, 582–587.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Klotz D.M., Beckman B.S., Hill S.M., McLachlan J.A., Walters M. R., Arnold S.F. (1996): Identification of environmental chemicals with estrogenic activity using a combination of in vitro assays. Environ. Health Perspect. 104, 1084–1089.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sharpe R.M., Fisher J.S., Millar M.M., Jobling S., Sumpter J.P. (1995): Gestational and lactational exposure of rats to xenoestrogens results in reduced testicular size and sperm production. Environ Health Persp. 103, 1136–1143.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Gimeno S., Gerritsen A., Bowmer T., Komen H. (1996): Feminization of male carp. Nature 384, 221–222.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Jobling S., Sheahan D., Osborne J.A., Matthiessen P., Sumpter J.P. (1996): Inhibition of testicular growth in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to estrogenic alkylphenolic chemicals. Environ. Toxicol. Chem 15, 194–202.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ramsdell H.S., Blandin D.A., Schmechel T.R. (1996): Developmental effects and biochemical markers of alkylphenol exposure in frog larvae. Proceedings, 17 Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Washington, DC, November 17–21, p 140.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Allen E. & Doisy E.A. (1923): JAMA 81, 819

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Routledge E.J. & Sumpter J. P. (1996): Estrogenic activity of surfactants and some of their degradation products assessed using a recombinant yeast screen. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15, 241–248.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Körner W., Hanf V., Schuller W., Bartsch H., Zwirner M., Hagenmaier H. (1998): Validation and application of a rapid in vitro assay for assessing the estrogenic potency of halogenated phenolic chemicals. Chemosphere 37, 2395–2407.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Hackenberg R., Lüttchens S., Hofmann J., Kunzmann R., Hölzel F. and Schulz K.-D. (1991): Androgen sensitivity of the new human breast cancer cell line MFM-223. Cancer Res. 51, 5722–5727.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Körner W., Hanf V., Oettling G., Schuller W., Hagenmaier H. (1997): Effects of tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol on proliferation of human breast cancer cells. Organohalogen Compounds 34, 364–369.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Szelei J., Jimenez J., Soto A.M., Luizzi M.F., Sonnenschein C. (1997): Androgen-induced inhibition of proliferation in human breast cancer MCF7 cells transfected with androgen receptor. Endocrinology 138, 1406–1412.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kelce W.R., Monosson E., Gamcsik M.P., Laws S.C., Gray Jr. L.E. (1994): Environmental hormone disruptors: Evidence that vinclozolin developmental toxicity is mediated by antiandrogenic metabolites. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 126, 276–285.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hertz R. (1985): The estrogen problem retrospect and prospect. In: Estrogens in the Environment II — Influences on Development (McLachlan J.A., ed). New York: Elsevier, 1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Gellert R.J. (1978): Kepone, Mirex, dieldrin, and aldrin: estrogenic activity and the induction of persistent vaginal estrus and anovulation in rats following neonatal treatment. Environmental Research 16, 131–138.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Gellert R.J. (1978): Uterotrophic activity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and induction of precocious reproductive aging in neonatally treated female rats. Environmental Research 16, 123–130.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Loeber J.G. & Van Velsen F.L. (1984): Uterotropic effect of b-HCH, a food chain contaminant. Food Addit. Contam. 1, 63–66.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Wester P.J., Canton J.H., Bisschop A. (1985): Histopathological study of Poecilia reticulata (guppy) after long-term β-hexachloro-cyclohexane exposure. Aquat. Toxicol. 6, 271–296.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Gupta P.K. & Gupta R.C. (1979): Pharmacology, toxicology and degradation of endosulfan. A review. Toxicology 13, 115–130.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Singh S.K. & Pandey R.S. (1990): Effect of sub-chronic endosulfan exposures on plasma gonadotropins, testosterone, testicular testosterone and enzymes of androgen biosynthesis in rat. Ind. J. Exp. Biol. 28, 953–956.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Wine R.N., Li L.-H., Hommel Barnes L., Gulati D.K., Chapín R.E. (1997): The reproductive toxicity of di-n-butylphthalate in a continuous breeding protocol in Sprague-Dawley rats. Environ. Health Perspect. 105, 102–107.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Sharpe R.M., Turner K.T., Sumpter J.P. (1998): Endocrine disruptors and testis development. Environ Health Persp. 106, A220–A221.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Schuller W. (1998): Etablierung und praktische Anwendung eines Testsystems mit humanen Brustkrebszellinien zum Nachweis estrogenartiger Wirkungen (E-Screen-Assay). Dissertation. Universität Tübingen, Fakultät für Biologie.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Soto A.M., Sonnenschein C., Murray M.K., Michaelson G.L. (1998): Estrogenic plasticizers and antioxidants. In: Eisenbrand G. et al. (eds). Hormonally active agents in food: symposium / Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, S. 142–160.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Harries C.A., Henttu P., Parker M.G., Sumpter J.P. (1997): The estrogenic activity of phthalate esters in vitro. Environ. Health Perspect. 105, 802–811.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Aeschlimann A., Graf U., Bourgeois P.: Umweltchemikalien: ihre klinische Bedeutung in der Rheumatologie. Schweiz. Rundschau Med, 80, Nr. 43: 1190–1196, 1991.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Bourgeois P., Aeschlimann A., Bourgeois-Drouin C.: Sclérodermies. In: Traité des maladies systémiques. Kahn M. F.; Peltier A.P.; Meyer O., Piette J. E.(éds.). 3. éd. Flammarion Médecine-Science, Paris, 4 (R press)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Bourgeois P., Elleuch M., Barranquero A.: Sclérodermies et autres connectivites induites non médicamenteuses. In: L’actualité rhumatologique. de Sèze S., Ryckewaert A., Kahn M.F., Guérin C. (éds.). Expansion scientifique francaise, Paris, 54–63, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Aeschlimann A., de Truchis P., Kahn M. F.: Scleroderma after therapy with appetite suppressants. Reports on four cases. Scand. J. Rheumatol. 19: 87–90, 1990.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Bourgeois P., Aeschlimann A.: Drug-induced scleroderma. In: Drug-induced rheumatic diseases. Baillière’s Clinical Rheumatology 5: 13–20, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Straniero N. R., Furst D. E.: Environmentally induced systemic sclerosis-like illness. In: Occupational rheumatic diseases. Balint G. P., Buchanan W. W. (eds.), Baillières. Clinical Rheumatology 3: 63–79, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Alozo-Ruiz A., Zea-Mendoza A. C., Salazar-Vallinas J. M.: Toxic oil syndrome: A syndrome with features overlapping those from various forma of scleroderma. Sem. Arthritis Rheum. 15 [3]: 200–221, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Shulman L. E.: The eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome associated with ingestion of ¿-Tryptophan. Editorial Arthritis Rheum. 33: 913–917, 1990.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Gilsanz V., Lopez Alvarez J. D., Serrano S.: Evolution of the alimentary toxic oil syndrome due to ingestion of denaturated rapeseed oil. Arch. Int. Med. 144: 254–265, 1984.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Tabuenca J. M.: Toxic-allergic syndrome with aniline. Lancet II: 567–568, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Pestana A., Munoz E.: Anilides and the Spanish toxic oil syndrome. Nature 298: 608, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Vicario J. L., Serrano Rios M., San Andres F., Arnais Villena A.: HLA DR3, DR4 increase in chronic stage of Spanish oil disease. Lancet I: 276, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  50. von Schonfeld J., Breuer N.: Vinylchlorid und Hamangiosarkom der Leber. Med. Klin., Sept 15; 86 [9]: 482–484, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Wilson R. H., McCormick W., E., Tatum C. F.: Occupational acroosteolysis. Report of 31 cases. J. Am. Med. Ass. 201: 577–581, 1967

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Veltman G., Lange C. E., Juhe S., Stein G., Bachner V.: Clinical manifestations and course of vinyl chlorid disease. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 246: 6–17, 1975.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Ward A. M., Udnoon S., Watkins J.: Immunological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of vinyl chlorid disease. Br. Med. f. 1: 936–938, 1976.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Black O. M., Welch K. I., Walcker A. E., Bernstein R. M., Catoggio L. J., McGregor, A. R., Jones J. K. L.: Genetic susceptibility to scleroderma-like syndrom induced by vinyl chlorid. Lancet I: 53–63, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Yamakage A., Ishikawa H.: Generalized morphea-like scleroderma occuring in people exposed to organic solvents. Dermatologica 165: 186–193, 1982.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Nietert P. J., Sutherland S. E., Silver R. M., Pandey J. P., Knapp R. G., Hoel D. G., Dosemeci M.: Is occupational organic solvent exposure a risk factor for scleroderma? Arthritis Rheum, Vol 41, No. 6: 1111–1118, June 1998.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Sparrow G. P.: A connective tissue disorder similar to vinyl chlorid disease in a patient expose to perchlorethylene. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 2: 17–22, 1977.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Bolt H., Filser J.: Irreversible binding of chlorinated ethylenes to macromolecules. Environ Health Perspect, 21: 107–112, 1977

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Rocci P., Prodi G., Grilli S., Ferreri A.: In vivo and in vitro binding of carbon tetrachloride with nucleic acids and proteins in rat and mouse liver. Int. J. Cancer, 11: 419–425, 1973.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Khan M., Kaphalia B., Prabhakar B., Kanz M., Ansari G.: Trichloroethylene-inducedautoimmune response infernale MRL +/+ mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 134: 155–160, 1995.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Byers V., Levin A., Ozonoff D., Baldwin R.: Association between clinical symptoms and lymphocyte abnormalities in a population with chronic domestic exposure to industrial solvent-contaminated domestic water supply and a high incidence of leukaemia. Cancer Immunol. Immunother, 27: 77–81, 1988.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Walder B. K.: Do solvents cause scleroderma? Int. J. Derm. 22: 157, 1983.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Czirjak L., Szegedi G.: Benzene exposure and systemic sclerosis (letter). Ann. Intern. Med. 107: 118, 1987.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Yamakage A., Ishikawa H., Saito Y., Hattori A.: Occupational scleroderma-like disorder occuring in men engaged in the polymerization of epoxy resins. Dermatologica 161: 33–34, 1980.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Thorgeirsson A., Fregert S., Ramnas O.: Sensitization capacity of epoxy resin oligomers in the Guinea pig. Acta Derm. Vener. 58: 17–21, 1978.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Erasmus L. D.: Scleroderma in gold-miners on the Witwatersand with Particular reference to pulmonary manifestations. South Afr. J. Clin. Med. 3: 209–231, 1957.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Rodnan G. P., Benedek T. G., Medsger T. A.: The association of progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) with coal miner’s pneumoconiosis and other forms of silicosis. Ann. Int. Med. 66:323–334, 1966

    Google Scholar 

  68. Conrad K., Levy Y., Blank M., Mehlhorn J., Frank K. H., Roch B., Shoenfeld Y.: The pathogenic 16/6 idiotype in patients with silica associated systemic lupus erythematosus and uranium miners with increased risk for development of SLE. J Rheum 2514:, 660–666, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Wiethege Th.: Expression von TNF alpha in Alveolarmakrophagen nach Stimulation mit Quarzstaub, Schweissrauchstaub und Asbestfasern. Pneumologie 46: 621–625, 1992.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Reiser K. M., Last J. A.: Silicosis and fibrogenesis: fact and artefact. Toxicology 13: 51–72, 1979.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Rihs H. P., Conrad K., Mehlhorn J., May-Taube K, Welticke B, Frank K. H., Baur X.: Untersuchungen über die Assoziation zwischen HLA-D-Allelen und dem Auftreten sklerodermietypischer Autoantikörper unter quarzstaubexponierten Personen. Z. ärztl. Fortbild. 88: 513–518, 1994.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Van Nunen S. A., Gatensby P. A., Basten A.: Post-mammoplasty connective tissue disease. Arhtritis Rheum. 25: 694–697, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Tretter F.(1993) Umweltmedizin und Humanökologie. In: Aurand K, Hazard B.P., Tretter F. (Hrsg). Umweltbelastungen und Ängste. Erkennen, Bewerten, Vermeiden. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 28–50.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Lazarus R.S., Lounier R.(1978) Stress related transactions between person and environment. In: Pervin L., Lewis M. (eds) Perspectives in Interactional Psychology. Plenum Press New York, 287–327

    Google Scholar 

  75. Ruff F.M. (1993) Risikokommunikation als Aufgabe fur die Umweltmedizin. In: Aurand K., Hazard B.P. Tretter F. (Hrsg). Umweltbelastungen und Ängste. Erkennen, Bewerten, Vermeiden. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 327–364.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Nix W. (1996) MCS/IEI und CFS: Diagnose multiple-chemical-sensitivity und chronic fatique syndrome. Bewertung des Symptoms »Erschöpfbarkeit«. Umweltmedizin in Forschung und Praxis 1: 229–238

    Google Scholar 

  77. Pennebaker J. (1994) Psychological bases of symptom reporting: perceptual and emotional aspects of chemical sensitivity. Toxicol Ind Health 10: 497–511

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Staudenmayer H., Selner M., Selner J. (1993) Adult sequelae of childhood abuse presenting environmental illness. Ann Allergy 71: 538–546

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Reko K. (1984) The psychosocial impact of environmental disasters. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1984, 655–661.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Horowitz M. (1983) Psychological response to serious life events. In: Breznitz S. (editor) The Denial of Stress. New York: International Universities Press, 129–160.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Richter H.E. (1989) Die Bedeutung der Psychologie in der Medizin. Psychother med Psychol 39:51–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Petri H. (1991) Zur Psychoanalyse der vergifteten Kindheit. Psychother med Psychol 1991, 155–165.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Richter H.E. (1990) Der schwierige Weg einer kritischen Psychosomatik. Psychother med Psychol 40:318–323.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Vyner H.M. (1988) Invisible trauma. Toronto: Lexington Books Massachusetts

    Google Scholar 

  85. Foulks E., McLellen T. (1992) Psychological sequelae of chronic toxic waste exposure. Southern Medical Journal 85:122–126.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Edelstein M. (1988) Contaminated Communities. The social and psychological impacts of residential toxic exposure. Boulder & London: Westview Press

    Google Scholar 

  87. Schimmelpfennig W. (1996) Umweltbedingte Gesundheitsstörungen. Umweltmedizin in Forschung und Praxis 1: 211–213

    Google Scholar 

  88. Cullen M. (1987) The worker with multiple chemical hypersensitivities: an overview. Occup Med State Art Rev 2: 655–661

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Workshop zu Multiple Chemical Sensitivities (MCS) (1996) Bericht der IPCS (International Program on Chemical Safety). Unveröffentlicht.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Fukuda K., Straus S.E., Hickie I., Sharpe M., Dobbins Y., Kumaroff A. (1994) The Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. A comprehensive approach to its definition, and study. Ann Intern Med 121: 953–959

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Brodsky C. (1987) Multiple chemical sensitivities and other environmental illness: a psychiatrists view. In: Cullen M. (ed) Workers with multiple chemical sensitivities. Occup Med State Art Rev. Philadelphia: Henley & Belfus 2: 695–704

    Google Scholar 

  92. Terr A. (1986) Environmental illness. Arch Intern Med 146: 145–149

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Sparks P., Simon G., Katon W., Altman L., Ayars G, Johnson R (1990) An outbreak of illness among aerospace workers. West J Med 153: 28–33

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Fiedler N., Kipen H., DeLuca J., Kelly Mc Neil K., Natelson B. (1996) A controlled comparison of multiple chemical sensitivities and chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychosom Med 58: 38–49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Black D., Rathe A., Goldstein R. (1990) Environmental illness.- A controlled study of 26 subjects with »20th century disease«. JAMA 264: 3166–3170

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Simon G.E., Wayne J.K., Sparks P.J. (1990) Allergic to life: Psychobgical factors in environmental illness. Am J Psychiatry 117: 901–906

    Google Scholar 

  97. Malt Li., Nerdrum P., Oppedal B., Gundersen R., Holte M., Löne J. (1997) Physical and mental problems attributed to dental amalgam fillings: a descriptive study of 99 self-referred patients compared with 272 controls. Psychosom Med 59: 32–41

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Terr A. (1989) Clinical ecology in the workplace. J Occup Med 31: 257–261

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Davidoff A., Keyl P. (1996) Symptoms and health in individuals with multiple chemical sensitivities syndrome from four reported sensitizing exposures and a general population comparison group. Arch Environ Health 51: 201–213

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Sparks P., Daniell W., Black D., Kipen H., Altman L., Simon G., Terr A. (1994) Multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome: A clinical perspective. J Occup Med 36: 718–737

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Weiner H. (1983) Gesundheit, Krankheitsgefühl und Krankheit; Ansätze zu einem integrativen Verständnis. Psychother Med Psychol 33: 15–34

    Google Scholar 

  102. Küchenhoff J. (1994) Spezifitätsmodelle in der psychosomatischen Medizin; Rückblick auf eine alte Kontroverse. Zeitschr Psychosom Medizin und Psychoanalyse 40: 236–248

    Google Scholar 

  103. Plassmann R. (1997) Psychosomatische Erkrankungen auf dem Gebiet der Umweltmedizin. Zeitschrift fur Ärztliche Fortbildung. Qualitätssicherung 91: 43–49

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Gieler U., Bullinger M., Behrendt H. et al (1998) Therapeutische Aspekte des multiple chemical sensitivity Syndroms. Umweltmedizin in Forschung und Praxis 3: 3–10

    Google Scholar 

  105. Schüffel W., Hermann J.M., Dahme B., Richter R. (1990) Asthma bronchiale. In: von Uexküll T (Hrsg). Psychosomatische Medizin. München Wien Baltimore: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 745–760.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Beyer, A., Eis, D. (1999). Symptome, Befunde und Krankheiten unter umweltmedizinischem Aspekt. In: Beyer, A., Eis, D. (eds) Praktische Umweltmedizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-30264-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-30264-4_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-30265-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-30264-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics