Zusammenfassung
„Vitamine sind lebenswichtig, sie wirken in sehr geringen Mengen und kommen weder als Energielieferanten noch als Bausteine für den Organismus und seine Zellen in Betracht“; so lautet nach Abderhalden (1948) die Definition für die Vitamine. In früheren Definitionen wurde noch beigefügt, daß diese Stoffe dem menschlichen Organismus zugeführt werden müssen, da er nicht imstande sei, diese selbst zu bilden. Wir wissen heute, daß dies nicht durchwegs zutrifft. Der Mensch besitzt die Fähigkeit, Provitamine wie z.B. die Provitamine der Vitamine A und D in das wirksame Vitamin überzuführen. Andere Vitamine (K, B12 usw.) können ferner durch Darmbakterien synthetisiert werden; so kann der Organismus, abgesehen von der Neugeborenenperiode und bestimmten pathologischen Bedingungen, ohne Zufuhr von Vitamin K auskommen. Gleiches soll gelegentlich für Vitamin B12 zutreffen. Es ist heute üblich geworden, zwischen den fettlöslichen Vitaminen A, D, K, E und den wasserlöslichen Vitaminen der B-Gruppe und C zu unterscheiden. Hinsichtlich ihrer physiologischen Wirkung lassen sich 2 Gruppen von Vitaminen unterscheiden: Die Vitamine der einen Gruppe, B-Vitamine im allgemeinen, gliedern sich als prosthetische Substanzen in Fermentsysteme ein und erfüllen wichtige Funktionen im intermediären Stoffwechsel der Kohlenhydrate, Fette und Eiweiße.
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Literatur
Zusammenfassende Darstellungen über Vitamine.
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Vitamin D.
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Freeman, S.: Correlated studies of calcium, inorganic phosphorus and serum phosphatase in normal animals. Thesis Northwestern University 1933.
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Klasmer, R.: Serum phosphatase activity and clinical rickets in children in Jerusalem. Amer. J. Dis. Childr. 67, 348 (1944).
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Birk, W.: Kinderkrämpfe. Monographie. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke 1938.
Putschar: Über Vigantolschädigungen der Niere beim Menschen. Klin. Wschr. 1929, 858.
Thatcher, L.: Hypervitaminosis D. Lancet 1936, 20.
Gerlach: Münch. med. Wschr. 1936, 49.
Kreitmair u. Moll: Münch. med. Wschr. 1928, 637.
Reed, C. I., H.C. Struck and I. E. Steck: Vitamin D. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press 1939.
Anning, S. T., J. Dawson, D. E. Dolby and T. Ingram: The toxic effects of calciferol. Quart. J. Med. 17, 203 (1949).
Feeny, P. J., E. L. Sandiland and L. M. Franklin: Calciferol in tuberculosis. Lancet 1947 I, 438.
Tobler, W.: Zur Vitamin D-Stoßprophylaxe. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 1945, 1067.
Jelke, H.: Vitamin D intoxication in a case of parathyroprival tetany. Acta med. scand. (Stockh.) 122, 339 (1949).
Fanconi, G., u. de Chastonay, E.: Die D-Hypervitaminose im Säuglingsalter. Helvet. paediatr. Acta, Beih. z. 5 (1950).
Jung, A. A. Zur Toxizität der Vitamine D2 und D3. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 1943, 17.
Secretan, M.: Des accidents de la vitaminothérapie D2 à fortes doses, en particulier dans la tuberculose rénale. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 1948, 49.
Clarke, G. H.: Polyneuritis as an apparent complication of calciferol treatment. Brit. J. Dermat. 61, 409 (1949).
Macrae, D.E.: The use of calciferol in tuberculous conditions. Lancet 1947 I, 135.
Bell, H.: Occurrence of convulsions during treatment with calciferol. Brit. Med. J. 1949 I 139.
Debre, R.: Overdosage of vitamin D2. Amer. J. Dis. Childr. 75, 787 (1948).
Jelke, H.: Acta med. scand. (Stockh.) Suppl. 170, 345.
Wendt, R.: Untersuchungen über Stoffwechselstörungen und ihre Therapie bei schwerer Calciferolvergiftung. Ther. Gegenw. 89, 13 (1950.
Skatvedt, M.: Ann. paediatr. (Basel) 168, 148 (1947).
Danowski, T. S., A. W. Winkler and I.P. Peters: Tissue calcification and renal failure produced by massive dose vitamin D thérapie of arthritis. Ann. Int. Med. 23, 22 (1945).
Freeman, S., P. S. Rhoads and L. B. Yeager: Toxic manifestations associated with prolonged ertron ingestion. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 130, 197 (1946).
Christensen, W. R., Ch. Liebarm and M. C. Sosman: Skeletal and periarticular manifestations of hypervitaminosis. Amer. J. Röntgenol. 65, 27 (1951).
Frost, J. W., F. W. Sunderman and I. S. Leopold: Prologed hypercalcaemia and metastatic calcification of the sclera following the use of vitamin D. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 241, 639 (1947).
Howard, J. E., and R.J. Meyer: Intoxication with vitamin D. J. Clin. Endocrin. 8, 895 (1948).
Hyde, J. S., and J. B. Richmond: Vitamin D intoxication. Amer. J. Dis. Childr. 80, 378 (1950).
Bevans, M., and A. K. Taylor: Lesions following the use of ertron. Amer. J. Path. 23, 367 (1947).
Klinge: Dtsch. med. Wschr. 1948, 136.
Wagner, H.: Vigantolvergiftung bei Erwachsenen. Virchows Arch. 316, 666 (1949).
Herrman, J. B., E. Kirsten and J. S. Krakauer: Hypercalcémie syndrome with androgenic and estrogenic therapy. J. Clin. Endocrin. 9, 1 (1949).
Jamar et J. Vandenbroucke: Acta clin. belg. 4, 547p (1949).
Addis, H. St. C.: Hypercalcaemia during vitamin D treatment. Brit. Med. J. 1950I, 877.
Meyer, I., u. Mitarb.: Abus de la vitamine D chez les lupiques. Presse méd. 57, 313 (1949).
Charpy, J.: Vitamin D in treatment of cutaneous tuberculosis. Brit. J. Dermat. 60, 121 (1948).
Miescher, G.: Die Behandlung des Lupus vulgaris mit Vitamin D2 (Calciferol). Schweiz. med. Wschr. 1949, 1119.
Ingram, J. T., and S. T. Annings: The treatment of lupus vulgaris with large doses of vitamin D. Brit. J. Dermat. 60, 159 (1948).
Lomholt, S.: Vitamin D therapie in cutaneous tuberculosis. Brit. J. Dermat. 60, 132 (1948).
Zeller, Fr.: Die Behandlung der Hauttuberkulose mit hohen Dosen Vitamin D5. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 1948, 133.
Zeller, Fr.: Über die Verträglichkeit und die Gefahren der Behandlung der Hauttuberkulose mit hohen Dosen Vitamin D2. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 1950, 237.
Gauvain, G.: Calciferol in the treament of tuberculosis. Brit. J. Dermat. 60, 174 (1948).
Riehl, G.: Die Vitamin D2-Behandlung der Hauttuberkulose. Wien. klin. Wschr. 1948, 525.
Macrae, D.E.: Calciferol for lupus vulgaris. Brit. J. Dermat. 60, 168 (1948).
Marx: Zur Behandlung der Lungentuberkulose mit hohen Dosen Vitamin D2. Tuberkulosearzt 3, 457 (1949).
Lenggenhager, R.: Erfahrungen über die Lupusbehandlung mit Vitamin D. Dermatologica (Basel) 97, 40 (1948).
Gouverneur et Girard: Premier résultats obtenu par le traitement de Charpy de la tuberculose urinaire. J. d’Urol. 53, 153 (1947).
Dänzer, R.: Die Behandlung der Nieren- und Blasentuberkulose mit Vitamin D-Hochkonzentrat. Schweiz. Z. Tbk. 7, 27 (1950).
Dowling, G. B.: Vitamin D in the treatment of cutaneous Tbc. Brit. J. Dermat. 60, 127 (1948).
Clarke, G. E.: Treatment of psoriasis with concentrated visosterol. Arch. of Dermat. 41, 664 (1940).
Benziger, A.: Über Stoßtherapie mit ViDe hochkonzentriert bei Psoriasis. Praxis (Bern) 1945, Nr 45.
Snyder, R. G. u. Mitarb.: Treatment of two hundred cases of chronic arthritis with massive doses of vitamin D prepared by the whitier method. Ann. Int. Med. 19, 125 (1943).
Traeger, C. H.: The use of vitamins in the treatment of chronic arthritis. Med. Clin. N. Amer. 30, 616 (1946).
Slocumb, Ch. H., and H. F. Polley: Advances in the study and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Med. Clin. N. Amer. 28, 309 (1944).
Covey, G. W., and H. H. Whitlock: Intoxication resulting from the administration of massive doses of vitamin D with report of five cases. Ann. Int. Med. 25, 508 (1946).
Kaufman, P., R. D. Beck and R. D. Wiseman: Vitamin D in arthritis. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 134, 688 (1947).
Hernberg, C. A., and W. Edgren: Looser-Milkman syndrome with neurofibromatosis Recklinghausen. Acta med. scand. (Stockh.) 136, 26 (1949).
Warkany, I., G. M. Guest and F. I. Grabtll: J. Labor, a. Clin. Med. 27, 557 (1942).
Ruziczka, O.: Beobachtungen bei gehäuft auftretender D-Hypervitaminose. Mschr. Kinderheilk. 101, 175 (1953).
Uflacker, H.: Weitere Beobachtungen bei der Rachitisprophvlaxe mit einer Vigantol-milch. Mschr. Kinderheilk. 101, 38 (1953).
Vitamin E.
Stern, M. H., C. D. Robeson, L. Weisler and J. G. Baxter: δ-Tocopherol. I. Isolation from soybean oil and properties. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 69, 869 (1947).
Frenholz, E.: On the constitution of α-Tocopherol. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 60, 700 (1938).
Karrer, P., H. Fritsche, B. H. Ringier and H. Salomon: Synthese des α-Tocopherols. Helvet. chim. Acta 21, 820 (1938).
Emmerie, A., and C. Engel: Tocopheraol content of foods and its chemical determination. Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 13, 259 (1942).
Jürgens, R.: Symptomatologie und Therapie der E-Avitaminose. In K. Lang u. R. Schoen: Die Ernährung. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1952.
Hickman, K. C. D., and P.L. Harris: Tocopherol interrelationships. Adv. Enzymol. 6, 469 (1946).
Ames, S. R., and P. L. Harris: Recent developments in the chemistry and metabolism of Vitamin E. Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 22, 26 (1950).
Markees, S.: Über Vitamin E. Experimentelle Ergebnisse und therapeutische Erfahrungen. Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 22, 335 (1950).
Quaife, M. L., and M. Y. Djtj: The tocopherol content of some normal human tissues. J. of Biol. Chem. 180, 263 (1949).
Hines, L. R., and H. A. Mattill: Tocopherol in urine and feces. J. of Biol. Chem. 149, 549 (1943).
Straumfjord, J. V., and M. L. Qtjaife: Vitamin E levels in maternal and fetal blood plasma. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 61, 369 (1946).
Wright, S. W., L. J. Filer and K. E. Mason: Vitamin E blood levels in premature and full term infants. Pediatrics 7, 386 (1951).
Darby, W. J., M. E. Cherrington and J. M. Ruffin: Plasma tocopherol levels in sprue. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 63, 310 (1946).
Hickman, K. C. D., M. W. Kaley and P. L. Harris: The sparing equivalence of the tocopherols and mode of action. J. of Biol. Chem. 152, 321 (1944).
Chepault, J. R., W. O. Lundberg and G. O. Burr: Chemical determination of tocopherols in animal fats. Arch. of Biochem. 8, 321 (1945).
Mason, K. E., and A. F. Emmel: Vitamin E and muscle pigment in the rat. Anat. Rec. 92, 33 (1945).
Dam, u.a.: In K.Lang u. R. Schoen, Die Ernährung. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1952.
Hottinger, A.: Schweiz, med. Wschr. 1941, 167.
Weissberger, L. H., and B. H. Harris: Effect of tocopherols on phosphorus metabolism. J. of Biol. Chem. 151, 543 (1943).
Butturini: Clin. med. ital. 26, 90 (1945).
Ames, S. R.: Effect of calcium on the inhibition of the succinio oxidase system by d-α- tocopherol. J. of Biol. Chem, 169, 503 (1947).
Menschik-Szczesniak: Zit. in K. Langu. R. Schoen, Die Ernährung. Berlin-Göttingen- Heidelberg: Springer 1952.
Mason, K.E.: Vitamin E. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 52, 63 (1949).
Block, H.: Helvet. chim. Acta 25, 793 (1942).
Hummel, J. P., and D. H. Basinski: In vitro effect of tocopherol phosphate on respiration of muscle from normal and dystrophic rabbits. J. of Biol. Chem. 172, 417 (1948).
Milhobat, A. T., and W. E. Bartels: The defect in utilization of tocopherol in progressive muscular dystrophy. Science (Lancaster, Pa.) 101, 93 (1945).
Harris, P. L., M. L. Qtjaife and P. O’Grady: Tocopherol content of human milk and cows milk products. J. Nutrit. 46, 459 (1952).
Harris, P. L., and W. Kujawski: Annotated bibliography of vitamin E 1940–1950. The National Vitamin Foundation. New York 1950
Goodhart, R. S.: Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 52, 341 (1949).
Heinsen, H. A.: Über die Behandlung der Amenorrhoe bei diencephalo-hypophysarer Insuffizienz. Klin. Wschr. 1949, 126.
Massenbach, W. v., u. A. A. Heinsen: Weitere Ergebnisse bei der Behandlung zentral bedingter Amenorrhoe. Geburtsh. u. Frauenheilk. 10, 521 (1950).
Gerloczy, F.: Ann. paediatr. (Basel) 173, 170 (1940).
Minkowski, A.: Le traitement préventif des hémorragies intracraniennes du nouveau-né. C. r. 6. Congr. internat. Pédiatrie 1951, S. 84.
Klemperer, P.: Collagen diseases. Bull. New York Acad. Med. 23, 581 (1947).
Aegerten, E., and J. H. Lougs: Amer. J. Med. Sci. 218, 324 (1948).
Moore, T.: The fat soluble vitamins in metabolic processes. Proc. Nutrit. Soc, Cambridge 12, 121 (1953).
Vitamin K.
Dam, H.: The anti-haemorrhagic vitamin of the chick. Biochemic. J. 29, 1273 (1935).
Dam, H., A. Geiger, J. Glavind, P. Karrer, W. Karrer, E. Rothschild u. H. Salomon: Isolierung des Vitamins K in hochgereinigter Form. Helvet. chim. Acta 22, 310 (1939).
McKee, R. W., S. B. Benkley, D. W. MacCorquodale, S. A. Thayer and E. A. Doisy: Isolation of viitamins K1 and K2. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 61, 1295 (1939).
Dam, H.: Vitamn K. Adv. Enyzmol. 2, 285 (1942).
Dam, H.: Vitamin K. Vitamins a. Hormones 6, 28 (1948).
MacCorquodale, D.W.: Vitamin K. In E. A. Evans, The biological action of the vitamins, S. 202, 1942.
Willi, H.: Die Blutungskrankheiten des Neugeborenen. Erg. inn. Med., N.F. 2 (1950).
Kühnau, J.: In K. Lang u. R. Schoen, Die Ernährung. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1952.
Koller, F.: In K. Lang u. R. Schoen, Die Ernährung. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1952.
Shemiakin, M. M., L. A. Schukina and J. B. Shvezov: Mechanism of biological action of vitamin K and its Synthetic analogs. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 65, 2164 (1943).
Watkin, D. M., T. B. van Itallie, W. B. Logan, R. P. Geyer, C. S. Davidson and F. J. Stare: The treatment of dicumarol-induced hypothrombienemia in man with emulsified vitamin K1 administered intravenously. J. Labor, a. Clin. Med. 37, 269 (1951).
Almquist, H. J., and E. L. R. Stokstad: Factors influencing the incidence of dietary hemorrhagic disease in chicks. J. Nutrit. 12, 329 (1936).
Dam, H., J. Glavind u. N. Nielsen: Weitere Untersuchungen über die Bildung und Bedeutung des Vitamin K im Pflanzenorganismus. Z. physiol. Chem. 265, 80 (1940).
Elliot, M. C., B. Isaacs and A.C. Ivy: Production of „prothrombin déficience“ and response to vitamins A, D and K. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 43, 240 (1940).
Mann, F. D., J. D. Mann and J. L. Bollmann: The coagulation defect of vitamin K deficiency compared with that caused by dicumarol. J. Labor. Clin. Med. 36, 234 (1950).
Dam, H., u. J. Glavind: Acta med. scand. (Stockh.) 96, 108 (1938).
Glavind, J. u. a.: The presence of vitamins in the saliva. Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 20, 234 (1948).
Dam, H., F. Schoenheyder and E. Tage Hansen: Studies in the mode of action of vitamin K. Biochemic. J. 30, 1075 (1936).
Warner, E. D.: Plasma prothrombin: effect of partial hepatectomy. J. of Exper. Med. 68, 831 (1938).
Schoenhayder, F.: Nature (Lond.) 135, 653 (1935).
Koller, F., A. Loeliger, F. Duckert u. H. Hu-Wang: Über einen neuen Gerinnungsfaktor (Faktor VII) und seine klinische Bedeutung. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 1952, 528.
Dam, H., and E. Soendergaard: Observations on the coagulation anomaly in vitamin K-deficiency and dicumarol poisoning. Biochim. et Biophysica Acta 2, 409 (1948).
Smith, C. C.: Absence of hemorrhage inducing activity in phthiocol derivates with a basic nitrogen in side chain. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 73, 562 (1950).
Unger, P. N., and S. Shapiro: Hyperprothrombinemia induced by vitamin K in human subjects with normal liver function. Blood 3, 137 (1948).
Molitor, H., and H. J. Robinson: Oral and parenteral toxicity of vitamin K1, phthiocol and 2-methyl-l,4-naphthoquinone. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 43, 125 (1940).
Butt, H. R: In V. Handbook of Nutrition. A.M.A. Philadelphia: Blakiston Son & Co. 1951.
Koller, F.: Das Vitamin K. Leipzig: Georg Thieme 1940.
Hartmann, F., u. H. Langer: Untersuchungen über den Prothrombin- und Ac-Globulin- gehalt des Blutes bei Leberschäden. Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med. 197, 438 (1950).
Perlick, E.: Prothrombinbestimmungsverfahren als Leberfunktionsprüfung. Klin. Wschr. 1951, 577.
Warner, E. D.: Vitamin K malnutrition. In N. Jolliffe, F. F. Tisdall and P. R. Cannon, Clinical Nutrition. New York: Paul B. Hoeber 1950.
Rieben, W. K.: Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Blutgerinnung. Basel: Benno Schwabe & Co. 1947.
Rodda, F. C.: The coagulation time of the blood in the newborn. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 75, 452 (1920).
Dam, H., H. Dryggve, H. Larsen and P. Plum: Vitamin K and hemorrhagic diseases of newborn. Adv. Pediatr. 5, 129 (1952).
Dryggve, H.: Prophylactic treatment with vitamin K of 11000 newborn infants compared with 22000 untreated infants. Trans. 6. Internat. Congr. Pediatr. 83 (1950).
Fiechter, N.: Hypoprothrombinämie und hämorrhagische Diathese des Neugeborenen uud ihre Beziehungen zum Vitamin K. Mschr. Geburtsh. 111, 1 (1940).
Wespi, H. J.: Die Beeinflussung der Hypoprothrombinämie des Neugeborenen durch Verabreichung von Vitamin K bei der Mutter sub partu. Zbl. Gynäk. 66, 130 (1942).
Gasser, E.: Die Hypoprothrombinaemie neonatorum und die K-Vitaminprophylaxe. Arch. Kinderheilk. 129, 161 (1943).
Fanconi, G.: Blutgerinnung beim Kinde. Leipzig: Georg Thieme 1941.
Ziffren, S. E., C. A. Owen, G. R. Hoffman and H. P. Smith: Control of vitamin K therapy. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 40, 595 (1939).
Salomonsen, L.: Morbus hemorrhagicus neonatorum. Acta paediatr. (Stockh.) 22, Suppl. 1 (1939).
Javert, C. T.: Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Amer. J. Obstetr. 35, 200 (1938).
Glanzmann, E.: Trombopathien in der ersten Lebenszeit. Ann. paediatr. (Basel) 178, 349 (1952).
Willi, H.: Das Haemophiloid des Neugeborenen. Ann. paediatr. (Basel) 171, 320 (1948).
Michels, B.: Der Einfluß des Vitamin K auf die okkulten Darmblutungen beim Neugeborenen. Zbl. Gyn. 71, 1102 (1949).
Salomonsen: In Fanconi u. Wallgren, Lehrbuch der Paediatrie. Basel: Benno Schwabe &Co. 1952.
Kerpel-Fronius, E., F. Varga and E. K. Pal: Seasonal variation in the haemorrhagic tendency in the newborn. Arch. Dis. Child. 23, 87 (1948).
Quick, A. J.: Components of prothrombincomplex. Amer. J. Physiol. 151, 63 (1947).
Gopalan, C., and Venkatachalam: An unusual case of hypoprothrombinaemia hemorrhagica. Brit. Med. J. 1951 II, 892.
Plum, P.: Factors influencing the prothrombin contents of the blood of newborn. Trans. Internat. Congr. Pediatr. 1950, S. 82.
Link, K. P., R. S. Oberman, W. R. Sullivan, C. F. Huebner and L. D. Scheel: Hypo-prothrombinemia in the rat induced by salycilic acid. J. of Biol. Chem. 147, 463 (1943).
Meyer, O. O., and B. Howard: Production of hypoprothrombinemia and hypocoagu- labylility of the blood with Salicylates. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 53, 234 (1943).
Shapiro, S., M. H. Redish and H.A. Campbell: The prothrombopenic effect of sali cylate in man., Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 53, 251 (1943).
Jaques, L. B., and E. Lepp: Actitons of sodium salicylate on prothrombin time in rabbits. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 66, 178 (1947).
Rapp, G. W.: A cause of delayed hemorrhage after tooth extraction. J. Amer. Dent. Assoc. 34, 484 (1947).
Livingston, G. S., and E. R. Neary: The questin of prothrombopenic hemorrhage from posttonsillectomy use of acetylsalicylic acid. Arch. of Otolaryng. 47, 1 (1948).
Butt, H. R. u. Mitarb.: Studies on rheumatic fever. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 128, 1195 (1945).
Juergens, F.: Kreislaufdynamik, Gerinnungspotential und Thrombose. Klin. Wschr. 1952, 483.
Popper, H., and F. Schaffner: Hepatic tests. Adv. Int. Med. 4, 391 (1950).
Stefanini, M.: New one-stage procedures for the quantitative determination of prothrombin and labile factor. Amer. J. Clin. Path. 20, 233 (1950).
Robson, J. M., and C. A. Keele: Recent advances in pharmacology. London: Churchill 1951.
Deutsch, E.: Erfahrungen mit Tromexan. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 1949, 1010.
Koller, F.: Diskussionsvotum. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 1951, 1244.
Mann, F. D., and M. M. Hurn: The complex mechanism of the quick prothrombintest and the effect dicumarol. Amer. J. Clin. Path. 20, 225 (1950).
Shinowara, G. Y., and W. Brown Smith: Enzyme studiess on human blood. VII. Amer. J. Clin. Path. 20, 341 (1950).
Felix, K., I. Pendle, P. Pin and L. Roka: Z. physiol. Chem. 284, 185 (1949).
Nicola, P. de: Zur Kontrolle der Anticoagulantientherapie. Klin. Wschr. 1952, 512.
Boyd, E. F., and E. D. Warner: Effect of vitamin K on dicumarol, induced hypoprothrombinemia in rats. J. Labor, a. Clin. Med. 33, 1651 (1948).
Wright, I. S., and W. T. Foley: Use of anti-coagulants in the treatment of heart disease. Amer. J. Med. 3, 718 (1947).
Powers, J. S.: Toxicity of dicumarol. Ann. Int. Med. 32, 146 (1950).
James, D. F. u. Mitarb.: Clinical studies on dicumarol hypoprothrombinemia and vitamin K preparetes. Arch. Int. Med. 83, 632 (1949).
Douglas, A. S., and A. Brown: Effect of vitamin K preparations on hypoprothrombinemia induced by dicumarol and tromexan. Brit. Med. J. 1952 I, 412.
Plum, P.: Relation between prothrombinconc, and clotting time. Acta med. scand. (Stockh.) 115, 41 (1943).
Hauser, F.: Idiopathische Hypoprothrombinaemie versus Mangel an Faktor. V. Ann. paediatr. (Basel) 147, 19 (1950).
Hauser, F.: Familiäre Vitamin K-refraktäre Hypoprothrombinämie. Ann. paediatr. (Basel) 165, 3 (1945).
Hauser, F.: Idiopathische Hypoprothrombinämie und hämorrhagische Diathese. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 1946, 324.
Owren, P. A.: Parahemophilia. Lancet 1947 I, 446.
Bilhan, E. F., and H. Ekren: Parahaemophilia. Acta haematol. (Basel) 5, 68 (1950).
Crockett, Ch. L., D. Shotton and Ch. G. Craddock: Hypoprothrombinemia. Blood. 4, 1298 (1949).
Plum, P.: The prothrombin content of the blood during the first years of life. Acta paediatr. (Stockh.) 38, 526 (1949).
Moraux, J.: Observations sur le mécanisme d’action de quelques antivitamines K (dicumarol, phenylindanedione, diphthiocol). C. r. Acad. Sci. Paris 233, 711 (1951).
Dam, H.: Recent studies on Vitamin K. Proc. Nutrit. Soc, Cambridge 12, 114 (1953).
Koller, F.: Die hämorrhagischen Diathesen. Praxis (Bern) 1953, 49.
Vitamin C
Hopkins, F. G.: The analyst and the medical man. Analyst 31, 395 (1906).
Holst, A., and T. Froelich: Experimental studies relating to ship beri-beri and scurvy J. of Hyg. 7, 634 (1907).
Funk, C.: Die Vitamine. Wiesbaden 1940.
Waugh, W. A., and C. G. King: Isolation and identification of vitamin C. J. of Biol. Chem. 97, 325 (1932).
Szent-Gyoergi, A.: Observations on the function of peroxidase systems. Biochemic. J. 22, 1387 (1928).
Reichstein, T., A. Grussner u. R. Oppenauer: Synthese der d- und 1-Ascorbinsäure. Helvet. chim. Acta 16, 1019 (1933).
Crampton, E. W.: The growth of the odontoblasts of the incisor tooth as a criterion of the vitamin C intake of the guinea pig. J. Nutrit. 33, 491 (1947).
Morelli, Gronchi e Bollafi: Sperimentale 82, 187 (1928).
Hess, A. F.:Scurvy, past and present. Philadelphia u. London: J. B. Lippincott Company 1920.
Giroud, A., C. P. Leblond, R. Ratsimamanga and E. Gero: Bull. Soc. Chim. biol. Paris 20, 1079 (1938).
Banerjee, S.: Relation of scurvy to the adrenalin content of the adrenal glands of guinea pigs. J. of Biol. Chem. 159, 327 (1945).
Dumm, M. E., and E. P. Ralli: Endocrinology 45, 188 (1949).
Herrick, E. H., R. Mead, B. W. Egerton and J. S. Hughes: Some effects of cortisone on vitamin C deficient guinea pigs. Endocrinology 50, 259 (1952).
Booker, W. M., F. M. Dent, R. L. Hayer, W. Harris and S. Greene: Amer. J. Physiol. 163, 700 (1950).
Morgan, A. F.: The effect of vitamin deficiencies on adrenocortical function. Vitamins a. Hormones 9, 161 (1951).
Drummond, J. C: The nomenclature of the so-called acessory food factors (vitamins). Biochemie. J. 14, 660 (1920).
Sayers, G., M. Sayers and C. N. H. Long: Endocrinology 48, 1 (1951).
Schroeder, H.: Vitamin C-Mangel durch Stress bzw. nach ACTH und Cortisondarreichung. Münch. med. Wschr. 1952, 339.
Dugall, L. P., and M. Therien: The influence of ascorbic acid on the adrenal weight during exposure to cold. Endocrinology 44, 420 (1949).
Hallberg, L.: Effects of deoxycortone and methylene blue in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1950 I, 351.
Hench, Ph. S.: The effects of hormones and vitamins on rheumatoid arthritis. Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 23, 259 (1952).
Hochberg, M., D. Melnick and B. L. Oser: Physiological availability of the vitamins. III. The effect of dietary ascorbic acid oxydase. J. Nutrit. 30, 193 (1945).
Crampton, E. W., and B. W. Burton: The biologically determined vitamin C potency of orange juice. Federat. Proc. 5, 230 (1946).
Wolbach, S. B., and O. A. Bessey: Tissue changes in vitamin deficiencies. Physiologic. Rev. 22, 233 (1942).
Pijoan, M., and E. L. Lozner: Physiological significance of vitamin C in man. New England J. Med. 231, 14 (1944).
Wolbach, S. B., and P. R. Howe: Intercellular substances in experimental scorbutus. Arch. of Path. 1, 1 (1926).
Boyle, P. E., O. A. Bessey and P. R. Howe: Rate of dentin formation in incisorteeth of guinea pigs on normal and on ascorbic acid deficient diets. Arch. of Path. 30, 90 (1940).
Glasunow, M.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über den Skorbut des Meerschweinchens. Virchows Arch. 299, 120 (1937).
Pirani, C. L., and H. R. Catchpole: Serum glycoproteins in experimental surgery. Arch. of Path. 51, 597 (1951).
Robertson, W. v. B., and V. Cross: Collagen formation in vitamin A deficient rats. Federat. Proc. 11, 454 (1952).
Crandon, J. H., C. C. Lund and D. B. Dill: Experimental human scurvy. New England J. Med. 223, 353 (1940).
Wolfer, J. A., C. J. Farmer, W. M. Carrol and D. O. Manshardt: An experimental study in wound healing in vitamin C depleted human subjects. Surg. etc. 84, 1 (1947).
Dugal, L. P., and M. Therien: Canad. J. Res., Sect, E 24, 111 (1947).
Perkins, H. R., and S. S. Zilva: The influence of scurvy and fall in weight in young guinea pigs on the alkaline phosphatase content of the serum and the zones of provisional calcification. Biochemic. J. 47, 306 (1950).
Lan, T. H., and R. R. Sealock: The metabolism in vitro of tyrosine by liver and kidney tissues of normal and vitamin C deficient guinea pigs. J. of biol. Chem. 155, 483 (1944).
Rienits, K. G.: Metabolism of 1-ascorbic acid and 1-tyrosine in guinea pig liver. J. of Biol. Chem. 182, 11 (1950).
Woodruff, C. W., and W. J. Darby: An in vivo effect of pteroylglutamic acid upon tyrosine metabolism in the scorbutic guinea pig. J. of Biol. Chem. 172, 851 (1948).
Levine, S. Z., H. H. Gordon and E. Marples: Defect in metabolism of tyrosine an phenylalanine in premature infants: Spontaneous occurrence and eradicatio Vitamin C. J. Clin. Invest. 20, 209 (1941).
Kirberger, E., u. Th. Bucher: Über die Beeinflussung der p-Oxyphenylbrenztraubensäureausscheidung. Klin. Wschr. 1951, 784.
Mayer, J., and W. A. Krehl: Relation of diet composition and vitamin C to vitamin A. deficiency. J. Nutrit. 35, 523 (1948).
Mayer, J., and W. A. Krehl: Scorbutic symptoms in vitamin A deficient rats. Arch. of Biochem. 16, 313 (1948).
Young, R. M., and L. F. Rettger: Decomposition of vitamin C by bacteria. J. Bacter. 46, 351 (1943).
King, C. G., and M. L. Menten: Influence of vitamin C upon resistance to diphtheria toxin. J. Nutrit. 10, 129 (1935).
Lind, J.: Treatise on the scurvy. London: A. Millar 1757.
Smith, D. A., and M. F. A. Woodruff: Deficiency diseases in Japanese prison camps. Med. Res. Council, Spec. Rep. Ser. No 274. London 1951.
Bürger, M.: Die C-Hypovitaminose. In Handbuch der inneren Medizin, 3. Aufl., Bd. VI/2, S.766. 1944.
McMillan, R. R., and J. C. Inglis: Scurvy: A survey of 53 cases. Brit. Med. J. 1944 II, 233.
Editorial: Vit. C. Subcommittee: Vit. C. Requirement of human adults. Lancet 1948 I, 853.
Danielli, J. F., H. B. Fell and E. Kodicek: The enzymes of healing wounds. II. The effect of different degrees of vitamin C deficiency on the phosphatase activity in experimental wounds in the guinea pig. Brit. J. Exper. Path. 26, 367 (1948).
Youmans, J. B.: Zit. V. 50. Horrink, J. H.: Vitamin C und Arbeit. Ref. Münch. med. Wschr. 1951, 291.
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Vilter, R. W., E. M. Woolford and T. D. Spies: Severe scurvy, a clinical and hematologic study. J. Labor, a. Clin. Med. 31, 609 (1946).
McIntosh, R.: Infantile scurvy. In Brenneman’s Practice of Pediatrics, Kap. 35. Hagertown, Md.: Prior & Co 1948.
Mettier, S. R., G. R. Minot and W. C. Townsend: Scurvy in adults. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 95, 1089 (1930).
Jennings, G. A., and A. J. Glazebrook: Comparison of the clinical and blood pictures in adult scurvy. Brit. Med. J. 1938 II, 784.
May, Ch. D., E. N. Nelson, C. U. Lowe and R. J. Salmon: Pathogenesis of megaloblastic anemia in infancy. Interrelation between pteroylglutamic acid and ascorbic acid. Amer. J. Dis. Childr. 80, 191 (1950).
May, Ch. D., Agnes Hamilton and Ch. T. Stewart: Experimental megaloblastic anemia and scurvy in the monkey. J. Nutrit. 49, 121 (1953).
Ralli, E. P., and S. Sherry: Adult scurvy and the metabolism of vitamin C. Medicine 20, 251 (1941).
Nichol, C. A., and A. D. Welch: On the mechanism of action of aminopterin. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 74, 403 (1950).
Welch, A.D., C. A. Nichol, R.M. Anker and J. W. Boehne: J. of Parmacol. 103, 403 (1951).
Dogramaci, L: Scurvy. A survey of 241 cases. New England J. Med. 235, 185(1946).
Follis, R. H., E. A. Park and D. Jackson: The prevalence of scurvy at autopsy during the first two jears of age. Bull. Hopkins. Hosp. 87, 569 (1950).
Jackson, D., and E. A. Park: Congenital scurvy. J. of Pediatr. 7, 3 (1935).
Neuweiler, W.: Über die Vitamin C-Resorption aus der Placenta. Klin. Wschr. 1938, 1650.
Wimberger, H.: Studies on rickets in vienna. Med. Res. Council, Spec. Rep. Ser. No 77, 15. London 1923.
Schödel, J., u. C. Nauwerck: Untersuchungen über die Moeller-Barlowsche Krankheit. Jena: Gustav Fischer 1900.
Park, E. A., and Cow: The recognition of scurvy with especial reference to early X-ray changes. Arch. Dis. Childh. 10, 265 (1935).
Bromer, R. S.: Roentgen ray diagnosis of infantile scurvy. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 19, 112 (1928); 49, 575 (1943).
Mouriquand, G.: Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 1, 38 (1932).
Yokoyama: Zit. bei Wachholder.
Wachholder, K.: Dtsch. Gesundheitswesen 1, 68 (1946).
Wachholder, K.: Über das Bedürfnis nach einer reichlichen Versorgung mit Vitamin C unter den heutigen Ernährungsverhältnissen und über die Frage einer Verwöhnung durch eine hohe Vitamin C-Zufuhr. Klin. Wschr. 1946, 806.
Goethlin, G. F.: Methdoe zur Bestimmung der Festigkeit der Hautcapillaren und der indirekten Bestimmung des individuellen C-Vitamin-Standards. Klin. Wschr. 1932, 1469.
Goethlin, G. F.: When is capillary fragility a sign of Vitamin C subnutrition in man? Lancet 1937 II, 703.
Dalldorf, G.: A sensitive test for subclinical scurvy in man. Amer. J. Dis. Childr. 46, 794 (1933).
Rotter, H.: Determination of vitamin C in the living organism. Nature (Lond. 139, 717 (1937).
Portnoy, B., and J.F. Wilkinson: Intradermal test for vitamin C deficiency. Brit. Med. J. 1938 I, 328.
Lowry, O. H., J. A. Lopez and O. A. Bessey: Determination of ascorbic acid in small amounts of blood serum. J. of Biol. Chem. 160, 609 (1945).
Lowry, O. H., O. A. Bessey, M. J. Brock and J. A. Lopez: The interrelationship of dietary, serum, white blood cell and total body ascorbic acid. J. of Biol. Chem. 166, 111 (1946).
Abbasy, M. A., L. J. Harris, S. N. Ray and J. R. Marrack: Diagnosis of vitamin C subnutrition by urine analysis. Lancet 1935 II, 1399.
Ralli, E. P., G. J. Friedman and S. Sherry: The vitamin C requirement of man. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 40, 604 (1939).
Ralli, E. P., G. J. Friedman and S. Sherry: The vitamin C requirement in man. J. Clin. Invest. 18, 705 (1939).
Darby, W. J.: Ascorbic acid deficiency in Harrison: Principles of internal medicine. New York: P. Blakiston Son & Co. 1951. 814 Hans Zellweger und William H. Adolph: Vitamine und Vitaminkrankheiten.
Bessey, O. A., O. H. Lowry and M. J. Brock: A quantitative determination of ascorbic acid in small amount of white blood cells and platelets. J. of Biol. Chem. 168, 197 (1947).
Lubschez, R.: Studies in ascorbic acid with special reference to white layer. J. Clin. Invest. 24, 573 (1945).
Youmans, J. B., and E. W. Patton: The laboratory diagnosis of nutritional deficiencies. Clinics 1, 303 (1942).
Butler, A. M., and M. Cushman: Distribution of ascorbic acid in the blood and its Nutritional significance. J. Clin. Invest. 19, 459 (1940).
Zederbauer, G.: Die Anwendung der Vitamine in der Kinderheilkunde. Wien. klin. Wschr. 1952, 54.
McCormick, W. J.: Vitamin C in the prophylaxis and therapy of infectious diseases. Arch. of Pediatr. 68, 1 (1951).
Thomann, H. E.: Massive Vitamindosen als therapeutische Maßnahme. Wien. klin. Wschr. 1952, 15.
Goldsmith, G. A., and J. Gibben: Recent advances in nutrition. Arch. Int. Med. 88, 93 (1951).
Scheunert, A.: Der Tagesbedarf des Erwachsenen an Vitamin C. Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 20, 374 (1949).
Marksvell, N. W.: Med. J. Austral. 1947.
Fletcher, J. M., and I.C.Fletcher: Vitamin C and the common cold. Brit. Med. J. 1951 I, 887.
Cuendet, O.: Ernährungs- und Vitaminfragen in Saastal. Praxis (Bern) 1949, 378.
Glanzmann, E.: Einführung in die Kinderheilkunde, Bd. 2, S. 230. Wien: Springer 1943.
Meier, K.: Vitamin C-Behandlung bei Pertussis. Ann. paediatr. (Basel) 164, 50 (1945).
Wit, J. C. de: Mschr. Kindergeneesk. 17, 367 (1950).
Fanconi, G.: Diskussionsvotum. Ann. paediatr. (Basel) 164, 52 (1945).
Pfeiffer, L.: Untersuchungen über die Redoxontherapie bei Pertussis. Helvet. paediatr. Acta 2, 106 (1947).
Gander, J., u. W. Niederberger: Vitamin C in der Pneumoniebehandlung. Münch. med. Wschr. 1936, 2047.
MacLean, K. S.: Deoxycortone acetate and ascorbic acid in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1951 I, 444.
Margolis, H. M., and P. S. Caplan: Effect of some steroids in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Int. Med. 34, 61 (1951).
Rinehart, J. F.: Studies relating vitamin C. Deficiency to rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Int. Med. 9, 671 (1935).
Lewin, E., and E. Wassen: Effect of combined injections of deoxycortons acetate and ascorbic acid on rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1949 II, 993.
Berg, G.: Svenska Läkartidn. 47, 388 (1950).
Massell, B. F., J.E. Warren, P.R. Patterson and H.J. Lehmus: Antirheumatic activity of ascorbic acid in large doses. New England J. Med. 242, 614 (1950).
Levay, D., and G. E. Loxton: Clinical observations with deoxycortone and ascorbic acid. Lancet 1950 I, 209.
Editorial: Vitamin C-Behandlung von Paradentopathien (143 Literaturangaben). Die Vitamine, 3. Beilage zu H. 4. Basel 1951.
Etitcrial: Ascorbic acid and the health of the gums. Nutrit. Rev. 3, 44 (1945).
Port, Th.: Zahnärztl. Welt 1950, 431.
Wachholder, K., A. Holz u. H. J. Briem: Paradentose und Vitamin C. Dtsch. zahnärztl. Wschr. 1938, 625.
Linghorne, W. J. u. Mitarb.: The relation of ascorbic acid intake to gingivitis. Canad. Med. Assoc. J. 54, 106 (1946).
Bartell, M. K., C. M. Jones and A. E. Ryan: Vitamin C studies on surgical patients Ann. Surgery 111, 1 (1940).
Carney, H. M.: Wound healing with low vitamin C level. Ann. Surg. 123, 1111 (1946).
Rietschel: Klin. Wschr. 1939, 1285.
Gottlieb, B.: High color index anaemia due to vitamin C deficiency. Brit. Med. J. 1945 II, 119.
Dyke, S. C., B. L. Della Vida and E. Delikat: Vitamin C deficiency in irresponsive pernicious anemia. Lancet 1942 II, 278.
Parsons, L. G., and W. C. Smallwood: Studies in the anemia of infancy and early childhood; Anemia of infantile scurvy. Arch. Dis. Childh. 1, 327 (1935).
Israels, M. C. G.: Erythropoiesis in scurvy. Lancet 1943 I, 170.
Lozner, E. L.: Studies in the hemoglobin regeneration in patients with vitamin C deficiency. New England J. Med. 224, 265 (1941).
Murray, D. P. F., and E. Dodicek: Bones, muscle and vitamin C. J. of Anat. 83, 158 (1949).
Harris, H. A.: The histological and radiographic appearance of infantile scurvy (Barlows disease). Quart. J. Med. 21, 490 (1928).
Aschoff, L., u. W. Koch: Skorbut, eine pathologisch-anatomische Studie. Jena: Gustav Fischer 1919.
Wolbach, S. B.: Pathologic changes resulting from vitamin C deficiency. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 108, 7 (1937).
Felkel, R. K.: Vitamin C-Bedarf im Verlauf des menstruellen Cyclus. Wien. klin. Wschr. 1952, 327.
Babinsky, D.H., and R. R. Sealock: Structural specifity of tyrosine in relation to the metabolic action of ascorbic acid. J. of Biol. Chem. 166, 7 (1946).
Sealock, R. R., J.D. Parkinson jr. and D.H. Babinsky: Further analysis of the role of ascorbic acid in phenylalanine and thyrosin metabolism. J. of Biol. Chem. 140, 151 (1941).
Woodruff, C. W.: Tyrosine metabolism in infantile scurvy. J. Labor. Clin. a. Med. 36, 640 (1950).
Rogers, W. F., and F. Gordon: Tyrosin metabolism in human scurvy. J. Clin. Invest. 28, 806 (1949).
Barbier, H.: Vitamin C und Blut mit spezieller Berücksichtigung der Reticulocyten und des weißen Blutbildes. Klin. Wschr. 1938, 928.
Liebman, J., H. Wortis and E. Wortis: Note on lack of correlation of capillary fragility with vitamin C content of blood, spinal fluid and urine. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 196, 388 (1938.)
Youmans, J. B. u. Mitarb.: Surveys of nutrition of populations. J. of Hyg. 42, 254 (1945).
Darby, W. J., and D. F. Milam: Field study on the prevalence of clinical manifestations od dietary inadequacy. Amer. J. Publ. Health 35, 1014 (1945).
Kühnau, J.: Zit. in K. Lang u. R. Schoen, Die Ernährung. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1952.
Fähndrich, W. H.: Zit. in K. Lang u. R. Schoen, Die Ernährung. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1952.
Mouriquand, G.: Zit. in E. Abderhalden u. G. Mouriquand, Vitamine und Vitamintherapie. Bern: Huber 1948.
Schwachman, H.: J. of Pediatr. 10, 577 (1937).
Hellström, V.: Die Haltbarkeit des Vitamin C bei der Zerkleinerung von rohen Vegetabilien. Z. Vitamin-, Hormonu. Fermentforsch. 5, 98 (1953).
B- Vitamine
Leitner, Z. A.: Aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of early vitamin deficiency state. Brit. Med. J. 1948 I, 917.
Bichel, J., u. E. Meulengracht: Pellagra entstanden nach Behandlung des Plummer-Vinson-Syndroms mit Riboflavin. Klin. Wschr. 1941, 913.
Leitner, Z. A.: Imbalance of vitamin B-factors. Brit. Med. J. 1945 I, 609.
Richards, M. B.: Imbalance of vitamin B-factors. Brit. Med. 1945 I, 433.
Vitamin B1
Eijkman, C: Eine beriberiähnliche Krankheit der Hühner. Arch. path. Anat. 148, 523 (1897).
Jansen, B. C. P., and W. F. Donath: Isolation of antiberiberi vitamin. Meded. Dienst Volksgezdh. Nederl.-Indië 1, 190 (1927).
Grewe, R.: Über das antineuritische Vitamin. Z. physiol. Chem. 242, 89 (1936).
Williams, R. R.: Structure of vitamin B1 J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 58, 1063 (1936).
Harris, L. J.: Vitamins and vitamin deficiencies, Bd. 1, S. 204. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston Son & Co. 1938.
Williams, R. R., and J. K. Cline: Synthesis of vitamin B1. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 58, 1504 (1936).
Lohmann, K., u. P. Schuster: Untersuchungen über die Carboxylase. Biochem. Z. 294, 188 (1937).
Kingsley, H. N., and H. T. Parsons: The availability of vitamins from yeast. J. Nutrit. 34, 321 (1947).
Tauber: Zit. in IX, 135.
Taylor, A., M. A. Pollack and R. J. Williams: B-vitamins in normal human tissues. Univ. Texas Publ. 1942, No 4237, 41
Borsook, H., E. R. Buchman, J. B. Hatcher, D.M. Yost and McMillande: The course of thiamine metabolism in man as indicated by the use of radioactive sulfur. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 26, 412 (1940).
Kirk, J. E., and M. Chieefi: Effect of oral thiamine administration on thiamine content of stool. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 77, 464 (1951).
Najjar, V. A., and L. E. Holt: The biosynthesis of thiamine in man. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 123, 683 (1943).
Denko, C. W., W. E. Grundy, N. C. Wheeler, C. R. Henderson and G. H. Berryman: The excretion of B-complex vitamins by normal adults on a restricted diet. Arch. Biochemic. 11, 109 (1946).
Najjar, V. A., and R. Barrett: Synthesis of B-vitamins by intestinal bacteria. Vitamins a. Hormones 3, 23 (1945).
Horwitt, M. K., E. Liebert, O. Kreisler and P. Wittman: Investigations of human requirement for B complex vitamins. Bull. Nat. Res. Council 1948, No 116.
Cowgill, G. R.: The vitamin B1 requirement of man, S. 265. Yale Univ. Press 1934.
Melnick, D.: Vitamin B1 requirement of man. J. Nutrit. 24, 139 (1942).
Kline, O. L., L. Friedman and E. M. Nelson: Effect of enviromental temperature on thiamine requirement of the rat. J. Nutrit. 29, 35 (1945).
Peters, R. A.: The biochemical lesion in vitamin B1 deficiency. Lancet 1936 I, 1161.
Banga, I., S. Ochoa and R. A. Peters: The active form of Vitamin B1. Biochemic. J. 33, 1109 (1939).
Stotz, E.: Pyruvate metabolism. Adv. Enzymol. 5, 129 (1945).
Jansen, B.C. P.: The physiology of thiamine. Vitamins a. Hormones 7, 83 (1949).
Williams, R. J., R. E. Eakin, E. Beerstecher and W. Shive: The biochemistry of B-vitamins, S. 741. New York: Reinhold Publ. Co. 1950.
Woolley, D. M., and A. G. C. White: Selective reversible inhibition of microbial growth with pyrithiamine. J. of Exper. Med. 78, 489 (1943).
Frohman, C. E., and H. G. Day: Effect of oxythiamine on blood pyruvate-lactate relationships and the excretion of thiamine in rats. J. of Biol. Chem. 180, 93 (1949).
Schopper, W. H., u. M. L. Bein: L’homothiamine-glycol, antivitamine B2. Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 23, 47 (1951).
Sealock, R. R., A. H. Livermore and C. A. Evans: Thiamine inactivation by the fresh fish or chastek paralysis factor. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 65, 935 (1943).
Muralt, A. v.: Die Anti-Aneurin-Faktoren. Festschrift Casparis. Bern 1949.
Somogyi, J. C.: Die Anti-Aneurin-Faktoren. Beih. 6, Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 1952.
Harris, R. S.: Thiaminase. The enzymes, Bd. I/2, S. 1186 (J. B. Sumner u. K. Myrbäck). Academic Press 1951.
Williams, R. D., H. L. Mason and B. M. Wilder: The minimum daily requirement of thiamine of man. J. Nutrit. 25, 71 (1943).
Horwitt, M. K., and O. Kreisler: The determination of early thiamine deficient states. J. Nutrit. 37, 411 (1949).
Salcedo, J., V. A. Najjar, L. E. Holt and E. W. Hutzler: The relation between urinary excretion and tissue concentration of thiamine in rats. J. Nutrit. 36, 307 (1948).
Smith, D. A., and M. A. Woodruff: Deficiency diseases in japanese prison camps. Med. Res. Council Spec. Rep., Ser. 274, 1951.
Raoult, A.: Le Béribéri. Med. Trop. 10, 737 (1950).
Salcedo, J., u. a.: Artificial enrichment of white rice as a solution to endemic beriberi. J. Nutrit. 42, 501 (1950).
Horwitt, M. K., E. Liebert, O. Kreisler and P. Wittman: Studies of vitamin deficiency. Science (Lancaster, Pa.) 104, 407 (1946).
Keys, A., A. Herrschel, N. L. Taylor, O. Michelsen and J. Brosek: Experimental studies on man with a restricted intake of the B-vitamins. Amer. J. Physiol. 144, 5 (1945).
Hulson, M. C., N. Weissman, E. Stotz, M. Clinton and J. W. Ferrebee: Subclinical vitamin dificiency. Ann. Int. Med. 21, 440 (1940).
Williams, R. D., H. L. Mason, R. M. Wilder and B. F. Smith: Observations on induced thiamin deficiency in man. Arch. Int. Med. 66, 785 (1940).
Williams, R. D., H. L. Mason, M. H. Power and R. M. Wilder: Induced thiamin deficiency in man. Arch. Int. Med. 71, 38 (1943).
Williams, R. D., H. L. Mason, B. F. Smith and R. M. Wilder: Induced thiamin deficiency and the thiamin requirement in man. Arch. Int. Med. 69, 721 (1942).
Oldham, H. S., M. V. Davis and L. J. Roberts: Thiamin excretions and blood levels of young women on diets containing varying levels of B-vitamins. J. Nutrit. 32, 613 (1946).
Burch, H. B., J. Salcedo u. Mitarb.: Nutrition survey and tests in bataan. J. Nutrit. 42, 9 (1950).
Salcedo, J. M., E. O. Carrasco, R. F. Jose and R. C. Valenzuela: Studies on beriberi in an endemic subtropical area. J. Nutrit. 36, 561 (1948).
Papageorge, E., and G. I. Lewis: A study of the fasting hours excretion of thiamine in the urine of normal subjects. J. Nutrit. 34, 301 (1947).
Darby, W. J.: Thiamin deficiency. In Harrison, Principles of internal medicine. New York: P. Blakiston Son & Co. 1951.
Holt, jr. L. E., and Najjar, V. A.: A simple method for the laboratory diagnosis of subclinical deficiencies of thiamine, riboflavin and nicotinic acid. Bull. Hopkins Hosp. 70 329 (1942).
Droese, W.: Über die Brauchbarkeit der verschiedenen Methoden zum Nachweis einer B1-Hypovitaminose. Klin. Wschr. 1948, 210.
Goldsmith, S. A.: The blood lactate-pyruvate relationship in various physiologic states. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 215, 182 (1948).
Johnsen, R. E., C. R. Henderson, P. F. Robinson and F. C. Consolazio: Comparative merits of fasting specimens and oral loading test in field nutritional surveys. J. Nutrit. 30, 81 (1945).
Ruffin, J. M., D. Mayer and W. A. Perlzweig: The relation between the clinical picture of a mild or early vitamin deficiency and laboratory determinations of vitamin levels. Gastroenterology 3, 340 (1944).
Goldsmith, G. A., and H. P. Sarett: Urinary excretion of B-vitamins in persons on normal and restricted diets. Federat. Proc. 7, 288 (1948).
Hibbs, R. E.: Beriberi in japanese prison camps. Ann. Int. Med. 25, 270 (1946).
Shimazono, J.: Beriberi. In W. Stepp u. P. Györgi, Avitaminosen. Berlin: Springer 1927.
Heilmeyer: Med. Klin. 1946, 241.
Weiss, S., and R. W. Wilkins: The nature of the cardiovascular disturbances in nutritional deficiency states (beriberi). Ann. Int. Med. 11, 104 (1937/38).
Valloton, M.: Zur pathologischen Anatomie der B1-Avitaminose. Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 21, 61 (1949/50).
Blankenhorn, M. A.: Diagnosis of beriberi heart disease. Ann. Int. Med. 23, 398 (1945).
Aalsmeer, W. C.: Cardiovascular symptoms of beriberi. Documenta néerl. et indones. morbis trop. 3, 2 (1951).
Holzmann, M.: Klinische Elektrokardiographie, S. 296. Zürich: Fretz u. Wasmuth 1945.
Griffith, R.L.: Condition of the heart following beriberi and malnutrition. Arch. Int. Med. 89, 743 (1952).
Wenckebach, K. F.: Der Mechanismus des plötzlichen Herztodes bei der Beriberi. Klin. Wschr. 1932, 1641.
Alexander, L.: Wernicke’s disease. Amer. J. Path. 16, 61 (1940).
Campbell, A. C. P., and W. R. Russell: Wernickes encephalopathy. Quart. J. Med. 10, 41 (1941).
Wortis, H.: Pyuvic acid studies in the Wernicke syndrome. Arch. of Neur. 47, 215 (1942).
Jolliffee: The Wernicke-syndrome. Arch. of Neur. 46, 569 (1941).
Guerrero, R. M.: Wernickes syndrome due to Vitamin B deficiency. Amer. J. Dis. Childr. 78, 88 (1949).
Wardener, H. E. de, and B. Lennox: Cerebral beriberi (Wernickes encephalopathy). Lancet 1947 I, 11.
Muralt, A. von: Thiamine and peripheral neurophysiology. Vitamins a. Hormones 5, 93 (1947).
McLester, J. S.: Nutrition and diet in health and disease, S. 314. London: Sanders 1949.
Butler, R. A., and H. P. Sarett: The effect of isocaloric substitution of alcohol for dietary carbohydrate upon the excretion of B-vitamins in man. J. Nutrit. 35, 539 (1948).
Lowry, J. V., W. H. Sebrill, F. S. Daft and L. L. Ashburne: Polyneuropathy in thiamine deficient rats delayed by alcohol or whisky. J. Nutrit. 24, 73 (1942).
Jolliffee, M., C. N. Colbert and P. M. Joffe: Observations of the etiologic relationship of vitamin B (B1) to polyneuritis in the alcohol addict. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 191, 515 (1936).
Wortis, H., E. Biredrn and N. Jolliffee: Pyruvic acid studies in the peripheral neuropathy of alcohol addicts. New England J. Med. 226, 376 (1942).
Strauss, M. B.: The etiology of alcoholic polyneuritis. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 189, 378 (1935).
Brown, M. R.: Alcohol polyneuritis. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 116, 1615 (1941).
Slobody, L. B., M. M. Willner and J. Mestorn: Comparison of vitamin B1 levels in mothers and their newborn infants. Amer. J. Dis. Chi dr. 77, 736 (1949).
Neuweiler, W., u. W. Nyffenegger: Über das Verhalten des „Bisulfit Bindung Substances“ im Urin von Schwangeren und Wöchnerinnen. Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 21, 129 (1949/50).
Kauvar, A. J.: The relation of arteriosclerosis to diabetic neuritis. J. Clin. Endocrin. 1, 955 (1941).
Cowgill, G. R.: Human requirements for vitamin B. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 111, 1009 (1938).
Odin, M.: Nord. Med. 29, 426 (1946).
Broch, O. J., and O. Klövstad: Poyneuritis in diabetes mellitus. Acta med. scand. (Stockh.) 77, 514 (1947).
Schuppli, R.: Vitamine und Hautkrankheiten. Praxis 1948, 297.
Colarizi, A., e S. Santyan y Velasco: Profilassi delle paralisi difteriche con dosi urto di vitamine B1 Riv. Clin, pediatr. 44, 129 (1946).
Molitor, H.: Federat. Proc. Amer. Soc. Exper. Biol. 1, 309 (1942).
Seusing, J.: Allergisches Verhalten gegen Vitamin B1 K in. Wschr. 1951, 394.
Leitner, Z. A.: Toxicity of thiamine. Lancet 1947 I, 345.
Laws, C. L.: Sensitization to thiamine hydrochloride. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 117, 176 (1941).
Mills, C. A.: Discussion on vitamin therapy. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 117, 1500 (1941).
Reingold, I. M., and F.R. Webb: Sudden death following intravenous injection of thiamine hydrochloride. J. Ann. Med. Assoc. 130, 491 (1946).
Dotti, E.: Accidente mortale dopo iniezione endomuscolare di vitamina B1 Minerva med. (Torino) 1949 I, 720.
Rietti, F.: Su alcuni aspetti negativi dell iperdosaggio e della somministrazione endovenose di vitamina B1. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 27, 134 (1951).
Weigand, C.S.: Geriatrics 5, 274 (1950).
Valeri, C. M., G. Conese u. D. Angarono: Sull’azione della niacina sul metabolismo basale. Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 22, 174 (1951).
Mills, C. A.: Thiamine overdosage and toxicity. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 116, 2101 (1941).
Leitner, C. A.: Untoward effects of vitamin B1 Lancet 1934 II, 774.
Scriba, K., u. H. Luckner: Das Beriberiherz im Tierexperiment. Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med. 1949, 196 (193).
Vitamin B2
Emmet, A. D., and G. O. Luros: Are the antineuritic and the growth-promoting watersoluble B-vitamins the same? J. of Biol. Chem. 43, 265 (1920).
Blythe, A. W.: The composition of cows milk in health and disease. J. Chem. Soc. Lond. 35, 530 (1879).
Bleyer, B., u. O. Kallmann: Beiträge zur Kenntnis einiger bisher wenig studierter Inhaltsstoffe der Milch. Biochem. Z. 155, 54 (1925).
Booher, L. E.: The concentration and probable chemical nature of vitamin G. J. of Biol. Chem. 102, 39 (1933).
Kuhn, R., P. György u. T. Wagner- Jauregg: Über Ovoflavin, den Farbstoff des Eiklars. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 66, 576 (1933).
Warburg, O., u. W. Christian: Über ein neues Oxydationsferment und sein Absorptionsspektrum. Biochem. Z. 254, 438 (1932).
Theorell, H.: Reindarstellung des Gelben Atmungsfermentes und die reversible Spaltung desselben. Biochem. Z. 272, 155 (1934).
Kuhn, R., K. Reinemund, F. Weygand u. R. Stroebele: Über die Synthese des Lactoflavins. Ber. dtsch. chem Ges. 68, 1765 (1935).
Karrer, P., K. Schoepp u. F. Benz: Synthesen von Flavinen. Helvet. chim. Acta 18, 426 (1935).
Bessey, O. A., O. H. Lowry and R. H. Love: Fluorometric measurement of the nucleotides of riboflavin and their concentration in tissues. J. of Biol. Chem. 180, 755 (1949).
Everson, G., E. Wheeler, H. Walker and W. J. Caulfield: Availability of riboflavin in ice cream, peas and almonds. J. Nutrit. 35, 209 (1948).
Hathaway, M. L., and D. E. Lobb: A comparison of riboflavin synthesis and excretion in human subjects on synthetic and natural diets. J. Nutrit. 32, 9 (1946).
Najjar, V. A., G.A. Johns, G. O. Mediary, G. Fleischmann and L.E. Holt: Biosynthesis of riboflavin in man. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 126, 357 (1944).
Suvarnakich, K., G. V. Mann and F. J. Stare: Riboflavin in human serum. J. Nutrit. 47, 105 (1952).
Axelrod, A. E., T. D. Spies and C. A. Elvehjem: The riboflavin content of the blood and muscle in normal and malnourished humans. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 46, 146 (1941).
Keys, A., A. F. Henschel, O. Mickelsen, J. M. Brozek and J. H. Crawford: Physiological and biochemical functioning in normal young men on a diet restricted in riboflavin. J. Nutrit. 27, 165 (1944).
Horwitt, M. K., C. C. Harvey, O. W. Hills and E. Liebert: Correlation of urinary ecxretion of riboflavin with dietary intake and symptoms of ariboflavinosis. J. Nutrit. 41, 247 (1950).
Mitchell, H. H., B. C. Johnson, T. S. Hamilton and W. T Haines: . Riboflavin requirement of the growing pig at two environmental temperature. J. Nutrit. 41, 317 (1950).
Axelrod, A. E., and C. A. Elvehjem: The xanthine oxidase content of rat liver in riboflavin deficiency. J. of Biol. Chem. 140, 725 (1941).
Ellis, L. N., A. Zmachinsky and H. C. Sherman: Experiments on the significance of liberal levels of intake of riboflavin. J. Nutrit. 25, 153 (1943).
Sure, B., and M. Dichek: Riboflavin as a factor in economy of food utilization. J. Nutrit. 1, 453 (1941).
Pollack, H., and J. J. Bookman: Riboflavin excretion as a function of protein metabolism in the normal, catabolic and diabetic human being. J. Labor, a. Clin. Med. 38, 561 (1951).
Ershoff, B. H.: Decreased resistance of riboflavin-deficient rats to cold stress. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 79, 559 (1952).
Harris, P. N., M. E. Krahl and G. H. A. Clowes: Para-dimethylaminoazobenzene carcinogenesis with purified diets. Cancer Res. 7, 162 (1947).
Warkany, J., and E. Schraffenberger: Congenital malformations induced in rats by maternal nutritional d ficiency. J. Nutrit. 27, 477 (1944).
Endicott, K. M., A. Kornberg and O. H. M.: Hemopoesis in riboflavindeficient rats. Blood 2, 164 (1947).
Kornberg, A., F. S. Daft and W. A. Sebrell: Granulocytopenia and anaemia in riboflavin deficient rats. Arch. of Biochem. 8, 431 (1945).
Ayrey, F.: Outbreak of sprue during the burma campaign. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med., Lond. 41, 377 (1947).
Delachaux: Helvet. med. Acta 7, 644 (1941).
Sebrell, W. H., and R. E. Butler: Riboflavin deficiency in man. Publ. health Rep. 53, 222 (1938).
Smith, D. A., and M. A. Woodruff: Deficiency diseases in japanese prison camps. Med. Res. Council Spec. Rep., Ser. 274, 1951.
Finnerud, C. W.: Perlèche: Its nosologic status. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 126, 737 (1944).
Magyar, I.: Clinical investigations with riboflavin. Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 19, 70. (1947/48).
Butler, R. E.: Riboflavin deficiency. Med. Clin. N. Amer. 27, 399 (1943).
Gregory, M. K.: The ocular criteria of deficiency of riboflavin. Brit. Med. J. 1943 II, 134.
Darby, W. J.: The oral manifestations of iron deficiency. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 130, 830 (1946).
Ellenberg, M., and H. Pollack: Pseudo-ariboflavinosis. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 119, 790 (1942).
Jeghers, H.: Nutrition: The appearance of the tongue as an index of nutrit. deficiencies. New England J. Med. 227, 221 (1942).
Sydenstricker, V. P., H.L. Schmidt and W. K. Hall: The corneal and lenticular changes resulting from amino acid deficiencies in the rat. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 64, 59 (1947).
Vannotti, A. M.: In VII.
Najjar, V. A., and L. E. Holt: A riboflavin excretion test as a measure of riboflavin deficiency in man. Bull Hopkins Hosp. 69, 476 (1941).
Copping, A. M.: Some aspects of riboflavin nutrition in man. Nutrit. Abstr. a. Rev. 14, 433 (1945).
Holt, L. E.jr., and V. A. Najjar: A simple method for the laboratory diagnosis of subclinical deficiencies of thiamine, riboflavin and nicotinic acid. Bull. Hopkins Hosp. 70, 329 (1942).
Williams, R. D., H. L. Mason, P. L. Cusick and R. M. Wilder: Observations on induced riboflavin d ficiency and the riboflavin requirement of man. J. Nutrit. 25, 361 (1943).
Stich, W.: Die Bedeutung der B2-Vitamine für den Dualismus der Porphyrine und den Aufbau von Häminproteiden. Dtsch. med. Wschr. 1950, 1217.
Stepp, W.: In IX.
Machella, T. E.: Studies of B-Vitamins in human subject. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 203, 114 (1942).
Marchesani u. Schober: Arch. f. Ophthalm. 148, 420 (1948).
Sebrell, W. H., R. E. Butler, J. G. Wooley and H. Isbell: Human riboflavin requirement estimated by urinary excretion of subjects on controlled intake. Publ. Health. Rep. 56, 510 (1941).
Hoff, F.: Zur Behandlung des Zungenbrennens und verwandter Störungen. Neue med. Welt 1950, 16.
Nicotinsäure, Nicotinsäureamid, Antipellagravitamin
Funk, C.: Chemistry of the vitamine fraction from yeast and rice polishings. J. of Physiol. 46, 173 (1913).
Goldberger, J., C. H. Waring, and D. G. Willets: U. S. Publ. Health Rep. 30, 3117 (1915).
Elvehjem, C. A., R. J. Madden, F. M. Strong and D. W. Woolley: Relation of nicotinic acid and nicotinic acid amide to cannine black tongue. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 59, 1767 (1937).
Fouts, P. J., O. M. Helmer, S. Lepkovsky and T. H. Jukes: Treatment of human pellagra with nicotinic acid. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 37, 405 (1937).
Warburg, O., and W. Christian: Co-Fermentproblem. Biochem. Z. 275, 464 (1935).
Handler, P.: Present status of nicotinic acid. Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 19, 393 (1948).
Kühnau, Z.: In VII.. S. Najjar, V. A., and C. C. Deal: The antipellagra action of N’-Methylnicotinamide. Bull. Hopkins Hosp. 80, 160 (1947).
Axelrod, A. E., T. D. Spies and C. A. Elvehjem: The effect of a nicotinic acid deficiency upon the coenzyme I content of human erythrocyte and muscle. J. of Biol. Chem. 138, 667 (1941).
Gounelle, H., A. Vallette et Y. Raoul: Le besoins quotidiens en vitamine PP. C. r. Soc. Biol. Paris 139, 16 (1945).
Denko, C. W., W. E. Grunny N. C. Wheeler, C. R. Henderson and C. H. Berryman: The excretion of B-complex vitamins by normal adults on a restricted intake. Arch. of Biochem. 11, 109(1046).
Perlzweig, W. A., F. Rosen and P. B. Pearson: Comparative studies in niacin metabolism. J. Nutrit. 40, 453 (1950).
Oldham, H. G., M. V. Davis and L. J. Roberts: Thiamine excretion and blood levels of young women on diets containing varying levels of the B vitamins. J. Nutrit. 32, 163 (1946).
Ellinger, P., R. Benesch and W. W. Kay: Biosynthesis of nicotinamide in the human gut. Lancet 1945 I, 432.
De, and Datta: The site and mechanism of biosynthesis of nicotinic acid in rats. Indian J. Med. Res. 39, 63 (1951).
Najjar, V. A., L. E. Holt, G. A. Johns, G. C. Mediary and G. Fleischmann: Biosynthesis of nicotinamide in man. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 61, 371 (1946).
Krehl, W. A., L. J. Teply, P. S. Sarma and C. A. Elvehjem: Growth retarding effect of corn in nicotinic acid-low rations and its counteraction by tryptophan. Science (Lancaster, Pa.) 101, 489 (1945).
Rosen, F., J. W. Huff and W. A. Perlzweig: The effect of tryptophan on the synthesis of nicotinic acid in the rat. J. of Biol. Chem. 163, 343 (1946).
Sarett, H. P., and G. A. Goldsmith: Metabolism of Land DL-Tryptophan in normal man and in pellagrins. J. of Biol. Chem. 182, 679 (1950).
Henderson, L. M., and L. V. Hankes: Effect of enterectomy on synthesis of niacin in the rat. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 70, 26 (1949).
Heidelberger, C.: Concerning the mechanism of the mammalian conversion of tryptophan into nicotinic acid. J. of Biol. Chem. 176, 1461 (1948).
Hankes, L. V., L. M. Henderson, W. L. Brickson and C. A. Elvehjem: Effect of amino acids on the growth of rats on niacin-tryptophan-deficient rations. J. of Biol. Chem. 174, 873 (1948).
Bonner, D. M., and C. Yanofsky: Biosynthesis of tryptophan and niacin and their relationships. J. Nutrit. 44, 603 (1951).
Schweigert and Pearson: J. of Biol. Chem. 168, 555 (1947).
Krehl, W. A.: Niacin in amino acid metabolism. Vitamins a. Hormones 7, 111 (1949).
Elvehjem, C. A.: Nutritional interrelationships. Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 23, 299 (1952).
Krehl, W. A., L. M. Henderson, J. de la Huerga and C. A. Elvehjem: Relation of amino acid imbalances to niacin-tryptophan deficiency in growing rats. J. of Biol. Chem. 166, 531 (1946).
McIlwain, H.: Pyridine-3-sulphonic acid and its amide as inhibitors of bacterial growth. Brit. J. exper. Path. 21, 136 (1941).
Woolley, D. W.: Production of nicotinic acid deficiency with 3-acetyl pyridine. J. of Biol. Chem. 157, 455 (1945).
Bean, W. B., R. W. Vilter and M. A. Blankenhorn: Incidence of pellagra. J. Amer. Med, Assoc. 140, 872 (1949).
Bisaz, S.: Les avitaminoses in suisse. Schweiz. med. Wschr. 1952, 1025.
Spies, T. D.: In N. Jolliffee, F. F. Tisdall and P. R. Cannon, Clinical nutrition, S. 531. New York: Hoeber 1950.
Sargent, F., and V. W. Sargent: Season, nutrition and pellagra. New England J. Med. 242, 447, 507 (1950).
Herzenberg, H.: Pellagra (pathologisch-anatomische Studies). Beitr. path. Anat. 96, 97 (1935).
Jolliffe, N., K. M. Bowman u. Mitarb.: Nicotinic acid deficiency encephalopathy. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 114, 307 (1940).
Gottlieb, B.: Acute nicotinic acid deficiency. Brit. Med. J. 1944 I, 392.
Graves, P. R.: Pellagrous encephalopathy. Brit. Med. J. 1947 I, 253.
Lewis, Ch. F., and M. M. L. Musselman: Observations on pellagra in american prisoners of war in the philippines. J. Nutrit. 32, 549 (1946).
Gillman, Th., and J. Gillman: Powdered stomach’ in treatment of fatty liver and other manifestations of infantile pellagra. Arch. Int. Med. 76, 63 (1945).
Rachmilewitz, N., and K. Brown: The presence of electrocardiographic changes in nicotinic acid deficiency. Amer. Heart. J. 27, 203 (1944).
Najjar, V. A., and L. E. Holtjr.: Excretion of specific fluorescent substances in urine in pellagra. , Science (Lancaster Pa.) 93, 20 (1941).
Rimington, C., and S. A. Leitner: Urinary excretion of coproporphyrin in non-alcoholic pellagra. Lancet 1945 II, 494.
Stefanini, M.: The cholagogic and choleretic effect of sodium nicotinate. Amer. J. digest. Dis. 17, 337 (1947).
Marfori, L., M. Stefanini and P. Bramante: Clinical significance of hyperbilirubinemia due to nicotinic acid. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 213, 150 (1947).
Bertschinger, A.: Die Wirkung von Nicotinsäure-amid und Ascorbinsäure auf Leberparenchymschäden. Klin. Wschr. 1942, 892.
Geher, Fr.: Behandlung der Leberinsuffizienz mit Nicotinsäure. Klin. Wschr. 22, 735 (1943).
Beiglböck, W., u. A. Spiess-Bertschinger: Zur biologischen und therapeutischen Bedeutung des Nicotinsäureamids Klin. Wschr. 1944, 31.
Gordon, W.: Nicotinic acid amid in. diabetes. Lancet 1946 I, 218.
Talaat, M.: Nicotinamid in treatment of diabetes mellitus. J. Roy. Egypt. Med. Assoc. 30, 19 (1947).
Maisel, F. E., and E. Somkin: Treatment of asthmatic paroxysm with nicotinic acid. J. Allergy 13, 397 (1942).
Chambers, D. C., and H. S. Bernton: The administration of nicotinic acid and calcium lactate in urticaria. J. Allergy 15, 141 (1944).
Dainow: Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 15, 245 (1944).
Lapp, H.: Serumkrankheit und Nikotinsäure-amid. Ärztl. Wschr. 1949, 91.
Bean, W. B., and T. D. Spies: A study of the effects of nicotinic acid on the temp, of skin of human beings. Amer. Heart J. 20, 62 (1940).
Thompson, W. S. u. Mitarb.: Prolonged vasoconstriction due to ergotamine tartrate. Arch. Int. Med. 85, 691 (1950).
Sargent, F., P. F. Robinson and R. E. Johnson: F1 and F2 of Najjar and Holt in urine of normal young men. J. Clin. Invest. 23, 714 (1944).
Koch, R., u. J. Bräutigam: Der Einfluß des Nicotinsäureamids auf Glykogenbildung und postmortale Glykogenolyse. Klin. Wschr. 1950, 308.
Krause, W. W.: Nicotinsäureamid und Serumkrankheit. Ärztl. Wschr. 1947, 1100.
Villa, L.: Die Wirkung des PP. — Faktors bei Dysfunktionszuständen der Leberzelle. Schweiz, med. Wschr. 1947, 80.
Varga, L. V.: Physiologische Beeinflussung der Leberparenchymschädigung. Ärztl. Forsch. 1948, 366.
Borghetti, V.: Policlinico, Sez. prat. 55, 302 (1948).
Woolley, D. W.: Production of nicotinic acid deficiency with 3-Acetylpyridine, the ketone analogue of nicotinic acid. J. of Biol. Chem. 157, 455 (1945).
Die hämopoetischen Vitamine Folsäure, Citrovorum factor und Vitamin B12
Mitchell, H. K., E. E. Snell and R. J. Williams: The concentration of folic acid J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 63, 2284 (1941).
Angler, R. B. u. Mitarb.: The structure and synthesis of the liver L. casei factor. Science (Lancaster, Pa.) 103, 667 (1946).
Spies, T. D., C. F. Vilter, M. B. Koch and M. H. Caldwell: Observations of the antianemic properties of synthetic folic acid. South. Med. J. 38, 707 (1945).
Jukes, T. H., and E. L. R. Stokstad: Pteroylglutamic acid and related compounds. Physiologic. Rev. 28, 51 (1948).
Jukes, T. H.: Folic acid Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 23, 356 (1952).
Sreenivasan, A., A. E. Harper and C. A. Elvehjem: The use of conjugase preparations in the microbiological assay of folic acid. J. of Biol. Chem. 177, 117 (1949).
Olson, O. E., R. H. Burris and C. A. Elvehjem: The folic acid contents of certain foods. J. Amer. Dent. Assoc. 25, 200 (1947).
Girdwood, R. H.: The interrelationship of factors that influence the megaloblastic anemias. Blood 7, 77 (1952).
Säuberlich, H. E., and C. A. Baumann: A factor required for the growth of leuconostoc citrovorum. J. of Biol. Chem. 176, 165 (1948).
Gabuzda, G. J., G. B. Philips, R. F. Schilling and C. S. Davidson: Metabolism of pteroylglutamic acid and citrovorum factor in human scurvy. J. Clin. Invest. 30, 639 (1951).
Dietrich, L. S., W. J. Monson and C. A. Elvehjem: Observations on a relationship between vitamin B12, folic acid and citrovorum factor. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 77, 93 (1951).
Cosulich, D. B., B. Roth, J. M. Smith, E. M. Hultquist and R. P. Parker: Acid transformation products of leukovorin. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 73, 5006 (1951).
Mitchell, H. K., and E. R. Isbell: Intestinal bacterial synthesis as a source of B vitamins for the rat. Univ. Texas Publ. 1942, No 4237, 125.
Broquist, H. P., E. L. R. Stokstad and T. H. Jukes: Biochemical studies with the citrovorum factor. J. Labor, a. Clin. Med. 38, 95 (1951).
Nichol, C. A., and A. D. Welch: Synthesis of citrovorum factor from folic acid by liver slices. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 74, 52 (1950).
Spies, T. D., S. Dreizen, G. S. Parker and D. J. Silberman: Detection and treatment of nutritive failure in children. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 148, 1376 (1952).
Girdwood, R. H.: The relationship between vitamin B12, folic acid and folinic acid. Brit. J. Nutrit. 6, 315 (1952).
Shive, W.: The functions of B-vitamins in the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines. Vitamins a Hormones 9, 75 (1951).
Broquist, H. P.: Involvement of citrovorum factor in synthesis of histidin in yeast. Federat. Proc. 11, 191 (1952).
Bethell, F. H., M. C. Meyers, G. A. Andrews, M. E. Swendseid, O. D. Bird and R.A. Brown: Metabolic function of pteroylglutamic acid and its hexaglutamyl conjugate. J. Labor, a. Clin. Med. 32, 3 (1947).
Wilkinson, J. F., and M.C. G. Israels: Pteroyl-polyglutamic acids in the treatment of pernicious anemia. Lancet 1949 II, 689.
Doan, C. A.: Folic acid (synthetic L. casei factor) an essential panhematopoeietic stimulus. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 212, 257 (1946).
Leuchtenberger, R., C. Leuchtenberger, D. Laszlo and R. Lewisohn: The influence of folic acid on spontaneous breast cancers in mice. , Science (Lancaster Pa.) 101, 46 (1945).
Nielsen, E. and C. A. Elvehjem: Growth-promoting effect of folic acid and biotin in rats fed succinylsulfathiazole. J. of Biol. Chem. 145, 713 (1942).
Spies, T. D., and R. E. Stone: Some recent experience with vitamins and vitamin deficiencies. South. Med. J. 40, 46 (1947).
Stokes, J. L.: Substitution of thymine for folic acid in the nutrition of lactic acid bacteria. J. Bacter. 48, 201 (1944).
Wright, L. D., H. R. Skeggs and J. N. Huff: The ability of thymidine to replace vitamin B12 as a growth factor for certain lactobacilli. J. of Biol. Chem. 175, 475 (1948).
Seeger, D. R., J. M. Smith and L. A. Hultquist: Antagonist for pteroylglutamic acid. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 69, 2567 (1947).
Nichol, C. A., and A. D. Welch: On the mechanism of action of aminopterin. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 74, 403 (1950).
Petering, H. G.: Folic acid antagonists. Physiologic. Rev. 32, 197 (1952).
Thiersch, J. A., and F. S. Phillips: Effects of 4-amino-pteroylglutamic acid in dogs with special reference to megaloblastosis. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 71, 487 (1949).
Innes, J., E. M. Innes and C. V. Moore: The hematologic changes induced in guinea pigs by the prolonged administration of pteroyl glutamic acid antagonists. J. Labor, a. Clin. Med. 34, 883 (1949).
Minot, G. R., and W. P. Murphy: Treatment of pernicious anemia by a special diet. J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 87, 470 (1926).
Rickes, E. L., N. G. Brink, F.R. Koniuszy, T. R. Wood and K. Folkers: Crystalline vitamin B12. Science (Lancaster, Pa.) 107, 396 (1948).
Smith, E. L., and L. F. J. Parker: Purification of antipernicious anemia factor. Biochemic. J. 43, Proc. viii (1948).
West, R.: Activity of vitamin B12 in addisonian pernicious anemia. Science (Lancaster, Pa.) 107, 398 (1948).
Jukes, T. H., and E. L. R. Stokstad: The role of vitamin B12 in metabolic processes. Vitamins a. Hormones 9, 1 (1951).
Smith, E. L.: Vitamin B12. Nutrit. Abstr. a. Rev. 20, 795 (1951).
Ungley, C. C.: Vitamin B12. Nutrit. Abstr. a. Rev. 21, 1 (1951).
Welch, A.D., and R.W. Heinle: Hemopoietic agents in makrocytic anemias. Pharmacol. Rev. 3, 345 (1951).
Lewis, U. J., D. V. Tappan and C. A. Elvehjem: A new and biologically different form of vitamin B12. J. of Biol. Chem. 194, 539 (1952).
Collins, R. A., A. E. Harper, M. Schreiber and C. A. Elvehjem: The folic acid and vitamin B12 content of the milk of various species. J. Nutrit. 43, 313 (1951).
Zink, A.: Folsäure, ihre Antagonisten, B12 und Animal protein Faktor und ihre Bedeutung für den tierischen und menschlichen Organismus. Internat. Z. Vitaminforsch. 23, 471 (1952).
Boxer and Rickards: Chemical determination of vitamin B12. Arch. of Biochem. 30, 392 (1951).
Chow, B. F.: Sequelae to the administration of viramin B12 to humans. J. Nutrit. 43, 323 (1951).
Chesterman, D. C., W. F. J. Cuthbertson and H. F. Pegler: Vitamin B12 excretion studies. Biochemic. J. 48, 11 (1951).
Chow, B. F., C. Rosenblum, R. H. Silber, D. T. Woodbury, R. Yamamoto and C. A. Lang: Oral administration of vitamin B12 containing Co60 to rats. Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. a. Med. 76, 393 (1951).
Meyer, M. L., H.T. Thompson and C. A. Elvehjem: The effect of vitamin B12 on reproduction and lactation in rats receiving pork or beef diets. J. Nutrit. 45, 551 (1951).
Ternberg, J., and R. E. Eakin: Erythein and apoerythein and their relation to the antipernicious anemia principle. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 71, 3858 (1949).
Callender, S. H., and L. G. Lajtha: On the nature of Castle’s hemopoietic factor. Blood 6, 1234 (1951).
Berk, L., W. B. Castle, A. D. Welch, R. W. Heinle, R. Anker and M. Epstein: Activity of vitamin B12 as food (extrinsic) factor. New England J. Med. 239, 911 (1948).
Castle, W. B., J. B. Ross, C. S. Davidson, J. H. Burchenal, H. J. Fox and T. H. Ham: Extrinsic factor in pernicious anemia. Science (Lancaster, Pa.) 100, 81 (1944).
Relmer, E. E.: Klinische Erfahrungen mit B12-Therapie. Wien. klin. Wschr. 1951, 941.
Marston, H. R., and H. J. Lee: Primary site of the action of cobalt in ruminants. Nature (Lond.) 164, 529 (1949).
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Andere Vitamine
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Zellweger, H., Adolph, W.H. (1954). Vitamine und Vitaminkrankheiten. In: Adolph, W.H., et al. Krankheiten aus Äusseren Physikalischen Ursachen Ernährungskrankheiten Vitamine und Vitaminkrankheiten. Handbuch der Inneren Medizin, vol 6, 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-28531-2_6
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