Abstract
During the last few decades man has contaminated the earth’s atmosphere with a large number of chemical species. His influence is difficult to quantify because for many species, the magnitude of the natural emissions is not known; nor do adequate records of their past or present atmospheric concentrations exist.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
ABS (Australian Bureau of Statistics), 1978. Year Book of Australia, 1977–1978.No. 62. Australian Transport Advisory Council, 1974. Air Pollution and the Motor Vehicle in Australia - 1974 Review.
Ayers, G.P. and Gras, J., 1979. In: Baseline 1977. Department of Science and the Environment, Canberra.
Baseline 1977. Baseline Air Monitoring Report. Department of Science, Canberra. Published 1979.
Blackmer, A.M. and Bremner, J.M., 1978. Inhibitory effect of nitrate on reduction of N2O to N2 by soil microorganisms. Soil Biol. Biochem., 10: 187–191.
Bolin, B., Aspling, G. and Persson, C., 1973. Residence Time of Atmospheric Pollutants as Dependent on Source Characteristics, Atmospheric Diffusion Processes and Sink Mechanisms.Report AC-25 Institute of Meteorology, University of Stockholm.
Brunnich, J.C., 1909. In: Annual Report of Queensland Department of Agriculture, 1909, pp. 56–63.
Burford, J.R. and Stefanson, R.C., 1973. Measurement of gaseous losses of nitrogen from soils in the field. Soil Biol. Biochem., 5: 133–141.
Chameides, W.L., Stedman, D.H., Dickenson, R.R., Rusch, D.W. and Cicerone, R.J., 1977. NO production in lightning. J. Atmos. Sci., 34: 143–149.
Cox, K.A., 1977. Some measurements of ground level NO, NO2 and 03 concentrations at an unpolluted maritime site. Tellus, 29: 356–362.
Cox, R.A., Derwent, R.G. and Holt, P.M., 1975. The photooxidation of ammonia in the presence of NO and NO2. Chemosphere, 4: 201–205.
Denmead, 0.T., 1979. Chamber systems for measuring nitrous oxide emission from soils in the field. J. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 43: 89–95.
Denmead, O.T., Freney, J.R. and Simpson, J.R., 1976. A closed ammonia cycle within a plant canopy. Soil Biol. Biochem., 8: 161–164.
Denmead, 0.T., Freney, J.R. and Simpson, J.R., 1979a. Studies of Nitrous Oxide Emission from a Grass Sward. J. Soil. Sci. Soc. of Am., 43: 726–728.
Denmead, O.T., Freney, J.R. and Simpson, J.R., 1979b. Nitrous oxide emission during denitrification in a flooded field. J. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am., 43: 716–718.
Denmead, O.T., Nulsen, R. and Thurtell, G.W., 1978. Ammonia exchange over a corn crop. J. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 42: 840–842.
Denmead, O.T., Simpson, J.R. and Freney, J.R., 1974. Ammonia flux into the atmosphere from a grazed pasture. Science, 185: 609–610.
Denmead, O.T., Simpson, J.R. and Freney, J.R., 1977. A direct field measurement of ammonia emission after injection of anhydrous ammonia. J. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 41: 1001–1004.
Dixit, S.C.N., Alste, J. and Bagg, J., 1974. Measurement of airborne particulates in the Melbourne urban region. Clean Air, 8: 161–164.
Evans, L.F., Weeks, I.A., Eccleston, A.J. and Packham, D.R., 1977. Photochemical ozone in smoke from prescribed burning of forests. Environ. Sci. and Technol., 11: 896–900.
Farquhar, G.D., Wetselaar, R. and Firth, P.M., 1979. Ammonia volatilization from senescing leaves of maize. Science, 203: 1257–1258.
Freney, J.R., Denmead, 0.T. and Simpson, J.R., 1978. Soil as a source or sink for atmospheric nitrous oxide. Nature, 273: 530–532.
Freney, J.R., Denmead, 0.T. and Simpson, J.R., 1979. Nitrous oxide emission from soils at low moisture contents. Soil Biol. Biochem., 11: 167–173.
Galbally, I.E., 1974. Gas transfer near the Earth’s surface. Adv. Geophys., 18B: 329–339.
Galbally, I.E., 1975a. Emission of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and ammonia from the Earth’s surface. Tellus, 27: 67–70.
Galbally, I.E., 1975b. Nitrogen oxides (NO2 and N0x) in the air at Aspendale and other places in Victoria. Clean Air, 9: 12–15.
Galbally, I.E. and Roy, C.R., 1978. Loss of fixed nitrogen from soils by nitric oxide exhalation. Nature, 275: 734–735.
Galbally, I.E. and Roy, C.R., 1979. In: Baseline 1977. Department of Science and the Environment, Canberra.
Healy, T.V., McKay, H.A.C., Pilbeam, A. and Scargill, D., 1970. Ammonia and ammonium sul-phate in the troposphere over the United Kingdom. J. Geophys. Res., 75: 2317–2321.
Huebert, B.J. and Lazrus, A.L., 1978. Global tropospheric measurements of nitric acid vapour and particulate nitrate. Geophys. Res. Lett., 5: 577–580.
Hutchinson, G.L., Millington, R.J. and Peters, D.B., 1972. Atmospheric ammonia: absorption by plant leaves. Science, 175: 771–772.
McElroy, M.B. and McConnell, J.C., 1971. Nitrous oxide: a natural source of stratospheric NO. J. Atmos. Sci., 28: 1095–1098.
Nicolet, M. and Peetermans, W., 1972. The production of nitric oxide in the stratosphere by oxidation of nitrous oxide. Ann. Geophys., 28: 751–762.
Payne, W.J., 1973. Reduction of nitrogenous oxides by microorganisms. Bacteriol. Rev., 37: 409–452.
Pierotti, D. and Rasmussen, R.A., 1976. Combustion as a source of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 3: 265–267.
Probert, M.E., 1976. The composition of rainwater at two sites near Townsville, Old. Aust. J. Soil Res., 14: 397–402.
Robinson, E. and Robbins, R.C., 1972. Emissions concentrations and fate of gaseous atmospheric pollutants. In: W. Strauss (Ed.), Air Pollution Control, Part 2, Wiley Inter-science, NY, pp. 1–93.
Roy, C.R., 1979. Atmospheric nitrous oxide in the mid-latitudes of the southern hemisphere. J. Geophys. Res., 84: 3711–3718.
SDderlund, R. and Svensson, B.H., 1976. The global nitrogen cycle. In: B.H. Svensson, and R. S6derlund (Eds), Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur-Global Cycles. SCOPE Report 7. Ecol. Bull. (Stockholm), 22: 23–73.
Steen, W.C. and Stojanovic, B.J., 1971. Nitric oxide volatilization from a calcareous soil and model aqueous solutions. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 35: 277–282.
Thomson, D.A. and Strauss, W., 1973. Total emissions to the Australian atmosphere. Clean Air, 7: 18.
Tuck, A.F., 1976. Production of nitrogen oxides by lightning discharges. Q. J. R. Met. Soc., 102: 749–755.
Turnman, B.N., 1978. Analysis of lightning data from the DMSP satellite. J. Geophys. Res., 83: 5019–5024.
Tsunogai, S., 1971. Ammonia in the oceanic atmosphere and the cycle of nitrogen compounds through the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. Geochem. J., 5: 574. 5.
Cleemput, O., Patrick, W.H. and Mcllhenny, R.C., 1976. Nitrite decomposition in flooded soil under different pH and redox potential conditions. J. Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 40: 55–60.
Wetselaar, R. and Hutton, J.T., 1963. The ionic composition of rainwater at Katherine, NT and its part in the cycling of plant nutrients. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 14: 319–329.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1980 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Galbally, I.E., Freney, J.R., Denmead, O.T., Roy, C.R. (1980). Processes Controlling the Nitrogen Cycle in the Atmosphere over Australia. In: Biogeochemistry of Ancient and Modern Environments. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-26582-6_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-26582-6_33
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-0-85847-062-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-662-26582-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive