Skip to main content

Constituents of Amniotic Fluid: Reflections of Normal and Abnormal Fetal Maturation

  • Chapter
  • 25 Accesses

Abstract

In recent years there has been a rebirth of interest in the examination of the constituents of amniotic fluid as a possible means of assessing the condition of the intrauterine patient. Though individual samples of amniotic fluid have been subjected to examination through the centuries, little data had been gathered sequentially during gestation. The rather recent widespread use of amniocentesis, particularly in the Rh sensitized pregnancy, has made amniotic fluid available throughout gestation and has prompted comparative examination of fluid constituents at varying phases of fetal development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Andrews, B. F., W. M. Wolfe, Jr., J. H. Hoffman, and P. K. Kalayil. Evaluation of amniotic fluid in the Rh sensitized mothers: first report of immunodiffusion studies. Southern Med. J. 59: 1482, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behrman, R. E., J. T. Parer, and C. W. deLannoy. Placental growth and the formation of amniotic fluid. Nature 214:678, May 13, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Betke, K. Bilirubin und Bilirubinausscheidung, in Die Physiologische Entwicklung Des Kindes. Friedrich Linneweh, ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bevis, D. C. A. The antenatal prediction of haemolytic disease of the newborn. Lancet 1: 395, 1952.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonsnes, R. W. Composition of amniotic fluid. Clin. Obstet. Gynec. 9: 440, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. K. The significance of amniotic fluid pigment analysis in intrauterine transfusion and erythroblastosis fetalis. Report of the Fifty-third Ross Conference on Pediatric Research, Aspen, Colorado, March, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassady, G., and J. Caillitau. The amniotic fluid in anencephaly. Ann. J. Obst. & Gynec. 97: 395, 1967.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cherry, S. H., and R. E. Rosenfield. Intrauterine fetal transfusions for the management of erythroblastosis. Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 98: 275, 1967.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chez, R. A., F. G. Smith, and D. L. Hutchinson. Renal function in the intrauterine primate fetus. Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 90: 128, 1964.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, P. M., and W. H. W. Inman. Volume of liquor amnii in normal and abnormal pregnancy. Lancet 2: 835, 1961.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finne, P. H. Erythropoietin levels in the amniotic fluid, particularly in the Rh immunized pregnancy. Acta Paediat. Scand. 53: 269, 1964.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Finne, P. H. Antenatal diagnosis of the anemia in erythroblastosis. Acta Paediat. Scand. 55: 609, 1966.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finne, P. H. Erythropoietin levels in cord blood as an indicator of intrauterine hypoxia. Acta Paediat. Scand. 55: 478, 1966.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freda, V. The Rh problem in obstetrics and a new concept of its management using amniocentesis and spectrophotometric scanning of amniotic fluid. Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 92: 3, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs, Fritz. Volume of amniotic fluid at various stages of pregnancy. Clin. Obstet. Gynec. 9: 449, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbertson, A. S., L. Bossenmaier, and R. Cardinal. Enterohepatic circulation of unconjugated bilirubin in man. Nature (London) 196: 141, 1962.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greene, John W., J. L. Duhring, and K. Smith. Placental function tests. Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 92: 1030, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanon, F., M. Coquoin-Carnot, and P. Pignard. Le Liquide Amniotique.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masson et Cie, editors. Paris: Libraires de L’Academie de Medecine, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeffcoate, T. N. A., and J. S. Scott. Polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios. Canad. Med. Assoc. J. 80: 77, 1959.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karunairatnam, M. C., L. Kerr, and G. Levvy. The glucuronide synthesizing system in the mouse and its relationship to ß-glucuronidase. Biochem. J. 45: 496, 1949.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lester, R., and R. Schmid. Intestinal absorption of bile pigments. I. Enter-hepatic circulation of bilirubin in the rat. J. Clin. Invest. 42: 736, 1963.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liggins, G. C. Current indications for intrauterine transfusion, in Intrauterine Transfusion and Erythroblastosis Fetalis. Report of the Fifty-third Ross Conference on Pediatric Research, Aspen, Colorado, March, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liley, A. W. Liquor amnii analysis in the management of the pregnancy complicated by rhesus sensitization. Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 82: 1359, 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liley, A. W. Errors in the assessment of hemolytic disease from amniotic fluid. Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 86: 485, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandelbaum, B., G. LaCroix, and M. Robinson. Determination of fetal maturity by spectrophotometric analysis of amniotic fluid. Obstet. Gynec. 29: 471, 1967.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKay, E. V. The management of isoimmunized pregnant women with particular reference to amniocentesis. Aust. J.Z.J. Obstet. Gynec. 1: 78, 1961.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitkin, R. M., and S. J. Zwirek. Amniotic fluid creatinine. Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 98: 1135, 1967.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Potter, E. L. Bilateral absence of ureters and kidneys. Obstet. Gynec. 25: 3, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schenker, S., N. H. Dawber, and R. Schmid. Bilirubin metabolism in the fetus. J. Clin. Invest. 43: 32, 1964.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schreiner, W. E. Fructwasser and Fetus. New York: S. Karger, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seeds, A. E. Water metabolism of the fetus. Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 92: 727, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seeds, A. E. et al Changes in amniotic fluid total solute concentration in Rhesus monkey. Am. J. Obst. & Gynec. 89: 476, 1964.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vasicka, Alois. Oxygen in the amniotic fluid. Clin. Obstet. Gynec. 9: 461, 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, A. H. C. Liquor amnii studies in the prediction of hemolytic disease of the newborn. British Med. J. (ii): 375, 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ylppö, A. Zschrft. f. Kinderheilk 9:208, 1913, quoted by K. Betke. Bilirubin and Bilirubinausscheidung in Die Physiologische Entwicklung Des Kindes. Friedrich Linneweh, ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1959.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1968 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Brown, A.K. (1968). Constituents of Amniotic Fluid: Reflections of Normal and Abnormal Fetal Maturation. In: Adamsons, K. (eds) Diagnosis and Treatment of Fetal Disorders. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-26381-5_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-26381-5_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-24268-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-26381-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics