Zusammenfassung
Zwischen dem Bristolkanal und der Irischen See springt Großbritannien mit einer in N—S über 200 km langen, in E—W 100–200 km breiten Halbinsel gegen W vor. Bei einer Fl. von rund 20 000 km2 hat sie eine Küstenlänge von ungef. 650 km. Sie deckt sich annähernd mit dem Fürstentum (Principality) Wales, läßt sich aber gegen E, gegen die Übergangslandschaft der Wälschen Marken, nicht leicht abgrenzen (vgl. S. 656). Die wälschen1) Gr. Denbigh-und Flintshire greifen nämlich auch in das Tiefland über, umgekehrt Hereford- und Moumouthshire (über dessen eigenartige Stellung vgl. S. 661) in das Bergland ein. Die natürliche E-Grenze von Wales nimmt man am besten entlang dem Fuß der Höhen an, von welchen die Hügelwellen der Marken, die meist unter 200 m H. bleiben, im W umsäumt werden. Denn Wales selbst ist morphologisch in der Hauptsache ein zerschnittenes Hochplateau, über das sich. oft inselförmig, einzelne Berggruppen und -rücken herausheben und das nur längs der Küste von bald breiteren, bald schmäleren Streifen niedriger Plateaus und ausnahmsweise von kleinen Tiefebenen begleitet wird. Fast überall beherrschen sanft geschwungene Linien das Blickfeld, leicht wogen die Plateauflächen auf und ab, manchmal auch im Inneren zu weiten Talfluchten erniedrigt. Ausgedehnte Teile halten sich in über 300 m H., nur wenige erwecken den Eindruck eines wirklichen Gebirges; so stark ist die Auflösung des Hochlandes.
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Nachtrag:
North, F. J., Campbell, B., and Scott, B., Snowdonia, the National Park of N W. (The New Naturalist). 1949. Dieses reich ausgestattete, vortreffliche Buch kam mir leider erst nach dem Umbruch der Druckfahnen zu Gesicht und konnte daher nicht mehr von mir verwertet werden. (Die oben genannten Verf. behandeln in den drei Hauptteilen: I. Gl. and the physical background. II. Natural hist. III. The hist. background.)
Abkürzungen im Literaturverzeichnis
Ac. Academy; Adv. Advancement; Agr. Agriculture. Agricultural; Ann. Annals, Annaler u. dgl.; Ant. Antiquity, Antiquarian, Antiquaries; ar. around; Arch. Archaeology, Archaeological, Archaeologia. — Br. British; Bull. Bulletin. — Cent, century; Cl. Club; Civ. Civil; Co. County; Coll. Collection; Comm. Committee, Commission; Ctry country. — Dep. Departement; descr. description; disc, discovery; distr. district. — E. English, England; Econ. Economy, Economical; Ecol. Ecology, Ecological; Edb. Edinburgh; Eng. Engineering, Engineers; Expl. Explanation; Exc. Excursion. — F. Field. — G. Geography, Geographical; Gl. Geology, Geological, Geologist (s). — Hist. History, Historical; HB. Handbuch. — Ind. Industry, industrial; Inst. Institut (e); Ir. Ireland, Irish. — J. Journal. — Linn. Linnean; Lit. Literary. — Mem. Memoir (s); Mg. Magazin; Met. Meteorology, Meteorological; Min. Ministry; Miner. Mineralogy, -ical; Mitt. Mitteilungen; Mount. Mountaineering; Mus. Museum; M.T.L. Mean tide level (vgl. u. O.D.). — N. Nature; Nlist(s) Naturalist(s); Nat. National; Naut. Nautical; Neol. neolithic; N.S. New Series; No. Numero; Nu. Number. — Obs. Observation, Observatory, Observer; Off. Office; O. Ordnance; O.D. Ordnance Datum. — Pal. paleolithic; P. Paper(s); Part, particularly; Ph. Philosophical; Pr. Proceedings; Prof. Professional; Progr. Progress; Publ. Publication (s); Phys. Physical, Physics, Physiogr. — Q. Quarterly. — R. Royal; Reg. Regional; Rep. Report; Rev. Review, Revue. — S. Society; Sc. Scotland, Scottish; Sch. School; Sci. Science, Scientific; Sh. (N.S.) Sheet (New Series); Stat. Statistical; Sv. Survey; struct. Structure, structural. — Top. Topographical; Tr. Transactions. — U.K. United Kingdom; Un. Union, United (UnEmp. United Empire); Univ. University. — W. sp. ref. with special reference. — YB. Yearbook. — Z. Zeitschrift.
Einige andere, seltener vorkommende Abkürzungen wird der Leser leicht verstehen.
Abkürzungen im Text
A.W. Ausfuhrwert; E.W. Einfuhrwert; Wa.W. Wiederausfuhrwert. — D.B. Domesday Book. — E. Einwohner. — Fl. Fläche. — Ges. Gesamt (Ges.Fl. Gesamtfläche, Ges.W. Gesamtwert, Ges.Z. Gesamtzahl); Gr. Grafschaft (en); Gr.St. Grafschaftsstadt. — H. Höhe (S.H. Seehöhe); bzw. Hälfte (1. H. des 17. Jh.); H.I. Halbinsel; (T.) H.W. (Tiden-)Hoch-wasser; Spr.H.W. Springtidenhochwasser; H.W.M. Hochwassermarke. — I. Insel, Isle. — J. Jahr; Jh. Jahrhundert; J.M. Jahresmittel; J.Schw. Jahresschwankung; Jz. Jahrzehnt. — M. Mittel; bei Entfernungsangaben engl. Meilen; M.T.L. mittl. Tidenspiegel (mean tide level); Mill. Million (en); Milld. Milliarde (n). — N.Tonn. Nettotonnage; N.W. Niederwasser (der Tiden). — O.D. Ordnance Datum (Bezugsniveau der brit. Landesvermessung; bei der älteren der mittl. Meeresspiegel — M.T.L., vgl. o. — von Liverpool, bei der neuen, 1912, bis 1921, ausgeführten der 0, 4’ niedrigere von Newlyn, Cornwall, das Newlyn-Datum). — Pf.St. Pfund Sterling. — R. vor Flußnamen River; R. Railway (L.N.E.R. London and North Eastern R., L.M.S. London, Midland and Scottish R., G.W.R. Great Western R., S.R. Southern Railway); R.D. Rural District. — St. Stunden. — T. (bei meteorol. Ang.) Tag; T.Schw. Tagesschwankung; T. (bei Zahlenangaben) Tausend; z. T. zum Teil. — U.D. Urban District. — Ver.Kgr. Vereinigtes Königreich (England, Wales, Schottland, Nordirland).
N, W, S, E werden wie üblich für die Haupt-, NW usw. für die Nebenweltgegenden verwendet, und zwar auch im Literaturverzeichnis bei den Titeln der Schriften. NW kann dabei Northwest (North and West) oder North-western bedeuten.
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Sölch, J. (1951). Wales. In: Die Landschaften der Britischen Inseln. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-26172-9_12
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