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The Neurosecretory Cell of Vertebrates

  • Chapter
Neurohormones and Neurohumors

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Summary

Being a double specialized cell, the neurosecretory cell exhibits the fundamental features of a neuron including bioelectrical activity. It receives afferent connections by way of synaptic junctions, both cholinergie and monoaminergic, and gives responses in the shape of action potentials. It shows also the character of a glandular cell which secretes granules of varying shape originating from the Golgi apparatus. The granules are driven along the processes, mainly the axon, down to their endings, and bear hormonal substances. The hormones are released either in the vicinity of vessels in neurohaemal storage organs, or in contact with glandular cells (neurosecretory innervation).

The synthesis of secreted material might partly occur progressively along the axon. It appears likely that hormones might be released not only at the ending, but also along the course of the axon. The nerve impulse conducted by the neurosecretory neuron itself is likely to be responsible for hormone release. The morphological and biochemical aspects of the mechanism of hormone release, for instance the part possibly played by acetylcholine, remain uncertain. There seems to be a conspicuous depletion of the dense content of granules. Attention is drawn to two different kinds of neurosecretory fibers and granules respectively bearing peptidic hormones or other substances which might be monoamines in some neurosecretory systems. The comparison between the monoaminergic and neurosecretory neurons leads to the necessity of a physiological definition of a neurosecretory cell: the product of a neurosecretory cell is of a hormonal nature.

Résumé

La cellule neurosécrétrice, doublement spécialisée, possède les caractères fondamentaux d’un neurone, y compris son comportement bioélectrique; elle reçoit des afférences de type synaptique, cholinergiques et monoaminergiques, et fournit des réponses sous forme de potentiels d’action. Elle a aussi les caractères d’une cellule glandulaire, sécrétant à partir de l’appareil de Golgi des granules protéiques acheminés le long des prolongements et notamment de l’axone, jusqu’à leur extrémité; ils sont porteurs de substances hormonales libérées soit au contact de vaisseaux dans des organes neuro-hémaux de stockage, soit au contact de cellules glandulaires (innervation neuro-sécrétoire).

La question est aujourd’hui sérieusement envisagée d’une synthèse partielle et progressive du matériel sécrété se faisant dans l’axone; il est aussi envisagé que les hormones soient excrétées non seulement à l’extrémité, mais le long du trajet de l’axone. L’influx nerveux émis et conduit dans le neurone neurosécréteur intervient probablement pour la libération des hormones; sauf pour la déplétion du contenu dense des granules, les aspects morphologiques et biochimiques de l’excrétion, et notamment le rôle éventuel de l’acétylcholine, restent incertains.

Une grande importance est aujourd’hui accordée à l’existence de deux catégories de fibres neurosécrétrices et de granules, porteurs les uns d’hormones peptidiques, les autres de substances différentes qui pourraient être des monoamines dans certains systèmes neurosécréteurs. La comparaison entre les neurones monoaminergiques et les neurones neurosécréteurs fait ressortir la nécessité de définir ces derniers par le critère physiologique de la nature hormonale de leurs produits.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Marseille, France

    Prof. D. Picard

  2. Laboratoire d’Histologie I, Faculté de Médecine, Boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13-Marseille (5e), France

    Prof. D. Picard

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  1. Prof. D. Picard
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Netherlands Central Institute for Brain Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    J. Ariëns Kappers

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© 1969 Springer-Verlag Wien

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Picard, D. (1969). The Neurosecretory Cell of Vertebrates. In: Kappers, J.A. (eds) Neurohormones and Neurohumors. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-25519-3_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-25519-3_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-23465-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-25519-3

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