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Sphingosine-1-Phosphate: Member of a New Class of Lipid Second Messengers

  • Chapter
Sphingolipid-Mediated Signal Transduction

Part of the book series: Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit ((MBIU))

Abstract

Homeostasis of multicellular organisms as well as their normal development depends on the balance between cellular proliferation, differentiation, and cell death or apoptosis. Ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP), metabolites of sphingolipids, and ubiquitous components of eukaryotic cell membranes, have recently emerged as members of a new class of signaling molecules regulating these diverse cellular processes.1–4 Sphingolipid metabolism involves removal of their polar headgroups; for example, phosphorylcholine from sphingomyelin by acidic or neutral sphingomyelinases to produce ceramide,5 which can then be cleaved by ceramidases to release fatty acid and the free long-chain base (sphingosine or sphinganine).6 Sphingosine can be phosphorylated to SPP by sphingòsine kinase,7 reacylated to ceramide, or methylated.8 SPP in turn can undergo dephosphorylation to sphingosine,9 or cleavage to ethanolamine phosphate and trans-2hexadecenal by a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent lyase.10,11 Although all of these sphingolipid metabolites may play important roles in cell regulation, this review is focused on current knowledge regarding the second messenger role of SPP in regulating the fate of the cell.

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  1. Sarah Spiegel
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  2. Olivier Cuvillier
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  3. Elena Fuior
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  4. Sheldon Milstien
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Spiegel, S., Cuvillier, O., Fuior, E., Milstien, S. (1997). Sphingosine-1-Phosphate: Member of a New Class of Lipid Second Messengers. In: Sphingolipid-Mediated Signal Transduction. Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22425-0_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22425-0_9

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