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Signal Transduction and Bacterial Virulence pp 21–42Cite as

BvgAS Dependent Phenotypic Modulation of Bordetella Species

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Part of the book series: Medical Intelligence Unit ((MIU.LANDES))

Abstract

Bordetella species cause respiratory tract infections in humans and other animals. Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis have adapted exclusively to the human host causing whooping cough (pertussis) and a milder pertussis-like disease, respectively. Despite the availability of a vaccine, pertussis continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in young children throughout the world and was reported to cause 400,000 deaths in 1992.1 Pertussis is one of the most infectious diseases known; attack rates of 70% to 100% in susceptible household contacts have been reported.2–4 The disease progresses in three stages. A 10–14 day incubation period is followed by the catarrhal stage characterized by mild, nondistinctive, cold-like symptoms including rhinorrhea, lacrimation, malaise and low-grade fever. After 7–10 days the illness progresses to the paroxysmal phase. Paroxysmal phase symptoms include violent coughing spasms (paroxysms) followed by an inspiratory gasp resulting in the hallmark whooping sound for which the disease is named. This stage lasts from 1 to 4 weeks. Symptoms gradually become less severe and paroxysms less frequent during the convalescent period which may last up to 6 months. B. pertussis is believed to spread exclusively via respiratory droplets. Recovery of B. pertussis from the nasopharynx of infected individuals is maximal during the catarrhal stage, and it is assumed that transmission potential is greatest at this time, decreasing as the disease progresses.2 The host antibody response is thought to play a critical role in clearance of B. pertussis and protection from reinfection.5

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  1. Peggy A. Cotter
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  3. Jeff F. Miller
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Cotter, P.A., Akerley, B.J., Miller, J.F. (1995). BvgAS Dependent Phenotypic Modulation of Bordetella Species. In: Signal Transduction and Bacterial Virulence. Medical Intelligence Unit. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22406-9_3

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