Skip to main content

Whole Body Amino Acid Studies in Cancer Cachexia

  • Chapter
  • 80 Accesses

Part of the book series: Medical Intelligence Unit ((MIU.LANDES))

Abstract

The mechanisms contributing to cancer cachexia involve complex alterations in host metabolism and physiologic function. In general, malnutrition in cancer patients can be viewed as an imbalance between decreased intake and/or absorption of nutrients and increased demand for nutrients from metabolic derangements and from the tumor. Defining metabolic alterations in the patient with cancer is an extensive field of study and abnormalities have been described in lipid, glucose, energy and protein metabolism. Using techniques described in earlier chapters, changes in protein and amino acid metabolism in the cancer patient can be studied at the whole body as well as at the regional level. This chapter will detail whole body amino acid and protein studies in the tumor-bearing patient.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Clarke EF, Lewis AM, Waterhouse C. Peripheral amino acid levels in patients with cancer. Cancer 1978; 42: 2909–2913.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Burt ME, Brennan MF. Nutritional support of the patient with esophageal cancer. Semin Oncol 1984; 11: 127–135.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Lundholm K, Edstrom S, Karlberg I, Ekman L, Schersten T. Glucose turnover, gluconeogenesis from glycerol, and estimation of net glucose cycling in cancer patients. Cancer 1982; 50: 1142–1150.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Waterhouse C, Jeanpetre N, Keilson J. Gluconeogenesis from alanine in patients with progressive malignant disease. Cancer 1979; 39: 1969–1972.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Waterhouse C. Lactate metabolism in patients with cancer. Cancer 1974; 33: 66–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Norton JA, Gorschboth CM, Wesley RA, Burt ME, Brennan MF. Fasting plasma amino acid levels in cancer patients. Cancer 1985; 56: 1181–1186.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Adibi SA. Metabolism of branced-chain amino acids in altered nutrition. Metabolism 1966; 25: 1287–1299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Borzotta AP, Clague MB, Johnston IDA. The effects of gastrointestinal malignancy on whole body protein metabolism. J Surg Res 1987; 43: 505–512.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Carmichael MJ, Clague MB, Keir MJ, Johnston IDA. Whole body protein turnover, synthesis and breakdown in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Br J Surg 1980; 67: 736–739.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Eden E, Ekman L, Bennegard K, Lindmark L, Lundholm K. Whole-body tyrosine flux in relation to energy expenditure in weight-losing cancer patients. Metabolism 1984; 33: 1020–1027.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Emery PW, Edwards RHT, Rennie MJ, Souhami RL, Halliday D. Protein synthesis in muscle measured in vivo in cachectic patients with cancer. Br Med J 1984; 289: 584–586.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Glass RE, Fern EB, Garlick PJ. Whole-body protein turnover before and after resection of colorectal tumors. Clin Sci 1983; 64: 101–108.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Heber D, Chlebowski RT, Ishibashi DE, Herrold JN, Block JB. Abnormalities in glucose and protein metabolism in noncachectic lung cancer patients. Cancer Res 1982; 42: 4815–4819.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Heslin MJ, Newman E, Wolf RF, Pisters PWT, Brennan MF. Effect of systemic hyperinsulinemia in cancer patients. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 3845–3850.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Inculet RI, Stein TP, Peacock JL, Leskiw M, Maher M. Altered leucine metabolism in noncachectic sarcoma patients. Cancer Res 1987; 47: 4746–4749.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Jeevanandam M, Lowry SF, Horowitz GD, Brennan MF. Cancer cachexia and protein metabolism. Lancet 1984; 2: 1423–1426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Kien CL, Camitta BM. Increased whole-body protein turnover in sick children with newly diagnosed leukemia or lymphoma. Cancer Res 1983; 43: 5586–5592.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Norton JA, Stein TP, Brennan MF. Whole body protein synthesis and turnover in normal man and malnourished patients with and without known cancer. Ann Surg 1981; 194: 123–128.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. O’Keefe SJ, Ogden J, Ramjee G, Rund J. Contribution of elevated protein turnover and anorexia to cachexia in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res 1990; 50: 1226–1230.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Stein TP, Ang SD, Schluter MD, Leskiw MJ, Nusbaum M. Whole-body protein turnover in metabolically stressed patients and patients with cancer as measured with [15N]glycine. Biochem Med 1983; 30: 59–77.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ward HC, Johnson AW, Halliday D, Sim AJW. Elevated rates of whole body protein metabolism in patients with disseminated malignancy in the immediate postoperative period. Br J Surg 1985; 72: 983–986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Waterhouse C, Mason J. Leucine metabolism in patients with malignant disease. Cancer 1981; 48: 939–944.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Taveroff A, Hoffer LJ. Is the leucine kinetic model valid in the fed state? Clin Res 1992; 40: 763 (abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Burt ME, Stein TP, Schwade JG, Brennan MF. Whole-body protein metabolism in cancer-bearing patients. Effect of total parenteral nutrition and associated serum insulin response. Cancer 1984; 53: 1246–1252.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Burt ME, Stein TP, Brennan MF. A controlled, randomized trial evaluating the effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition on protein metabolism in cancer-bearing man. J Surg Res 1983; 34: 303–314.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Burt ME, Gorschboth CM, Brennan MF. A controlled, prospective randomized trial evaluating the metabolic effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition in the cancer patient. Cancer 1982; 49: 1092–1105.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Jeevanandam M, Legaspi A, Lowry SF, Horowitz GD, Brennan MF. Effect of total parenteral nutrition on whole body protein kinetics in cachectic patients with benign or malignant disease. JPEN 1988; 12: 229–236.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Shaw JHF, Wolfe RR. Whole-body protein kinetics in patients with early and advanced gastrointestinal cancer:The response to glucose infusion and total parenteral nutrition. Surgery 1988; 103: 148–155.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Hyltander A, Warnold I, Eden E, Lundholm K. Effect on whole-body protein synthesis after institution of intravenous nutrition in cancer and non-cancer patients who lose weight. Eur J Cancer 1991; 27: 16–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Dresler CM, Jeevanandam M, Brennan MF. Metabolic efficacy of enteral feeding in malnourished cancer and noncancer patients. Metabolism 1987; 36: 82–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Fearon KCH, Borland W, Preston T, Tisdale MJ, Shenkin A. Cancer cachexia:Influence of systemic ketosis on substrate levels and nitrogen metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 47: 42–48.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Tayek JA, Bistrian BR, Hehir DJ, Martin R, Moldawer LL, Blackburn GL. Improved protein kinetics and albumin synthesis by branched chain amino acid-enriched total parenteral nutrition in cancer cachexia:A prospective randomized crossover trial. Cancer 1986; 58: 147–157.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Pearlstone DB, Wolf RF, Berman RS, Burt M, Brennan MF. Effect of systemic insulin on protein kinetics in postoperative cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol 1994; 1: 321–332.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Berman RS, Harrison LE, Pearlstone DB, Burt M, Brennan MF. Growth hormone and the combination of growth hormone plus insulin improve protein kinetics in postoperative cancer patients. Surgical Forum 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Wolf RF, Pearlstone DB, Newman E et al. Growth hormone and insulin reverse net whole body and skeletal muscle protein catabolism in cancer patients. Ann Surg 1992; 216: 280–290.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Berman, R.S. (1996). Whole Body Amino Acid Studies in Cancer Cachexia. In: Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism in Cancer Cachexia. Medical Intelligence Unit. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22346-8_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22346-8_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-22348-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-22346-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics